Question 1

The Haskalah movement advocated for which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Religious freedom and civil rights for European Jews 
B)  More education for women 
C)  Political freedom for serfs 
D)  Moving the Jews of Europe to a new land 
A)  Religious freedom and civil rights for European Jews 
B)  More education for women 
C)  Political freedom for serfs 
D)  Moving the Jews of Europe to a new land

Question 2

What was Copernicus's primary reason for rejecting the Ptolemaic model of the solar system?

Accepted Answer

A)  Galileo's observations demonstrated its inaccuracy. 
B)  He felt that it was too unwieldy to be part of God's harmonious creation. 
C)  He considered Ptolemy's ideas to be too dated to be of use. 
D)  Kepler's observations of stars convinced Copernicus they did not travel as Aristotle theorized. 
A)  Galileo's observations demonstrated its inaccuracy. 
B)  He felt that it was too unwieldy to be part of God's harmonious creation. 
C)  He considered Ptolemy's ideas to be too dated to be of use. 
D)  Kepler's observations of stars convinced Copernicus they did not travel as Aristotle theorized.

Question 3

Both Francis Bacon and René Descartes were needed for the development of the modern scientific method. How did they contribute to that idea, and what are the flaws in their theories?

Accepted Answer

Answer would ideally include:
Bacon reje

Question 4

How and why did the philosophes popularize the new worldview that was constructed by the new sciences?

Accepted Answer

Answer would ideally include:
Most of th

Question 5

According to the Aristotelian view of the universe,

Accepted Answer

A)  heaven was only a spiritual imagining. 
B)  the earth was motionless. 
C)  the earth was composed of hundreds of unchangeable elements. 
D)  the sun, earth, and all stars moved around each other in perfect circles. 
A)  heaven was only a spiritual imagining. 
B)  the earth was motionless. 
C)  the earth was composed of hundreds of unchangeable elements. 
D)  the sun, earth, and all stars moved around each other in perfect circles.

Question 6

Describe the factors that link the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment. Why are they so often taught together?

Accepted Answer

Answer would ideally include:
The Scient

Question 7

Use the following to answer questions :
-enclosure

Accepted Answer

A) The idea that the sun, not the earth, was the center of the universe. 
B) A law formulated by Galileo stating that motion, not rest, is the natural state of an object and that an object continues in motion forever unless stopped by some external force. 
C) Newton's law that all objects are attracted to one another and that the force of attraction is proportional to the object's quantity of matter and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. 
D) A theory of inductive reasoning that calls for acquiring evidence through observation and experimentation rather than reason and speculation. 
E) An intellectual and cultural movement in late-seventeenth- and eighteenth-century Europe and the wider world that used rational and critical thinking to debate issues such as political sovereignty, religious tolerance, gender roles, and racial difference.
F)An idea, espoused by John Locke, that all human ideas and thoughts are produced as a result of sensory impressions.
G)A group of French intellectuals who proclaimed that they were bringing the light of knowledge to their fellow humans.
H)Belief in a distant, noninterventionist deity, shared by many Enlightenment thinkers.
I)A concept associated with Rousseau, referring to the common interests of all the people, who have displaced the monarch as the holder of sovereign power.
J)The theory, associated with Adam Smith, that the pursuit of self-interest in a competitive market would lead to rising prosperity and greater social equality, rendering government intervention unnecessary and undesirable.
K)Term coined by historians to describe the rule of eighteenth-century monarchs who, without renouncing their own absolute authority, took up the call to reform their governments in accordance with the rational and humane principles of the Enlightenment.
L)A Jewish Enlightenment movement led by Prussian philosopher Moses Mendelssohn.
M)The controversial process of fencing off common land to create privately owned fields that increased agricultural production at the cost of reducing poor farmers' access to land.
N)Manufacturing with hand tools in peasant dwellings and work sheds, a form of economic activity that became important in eighteenth-century Europe.
O)An idealized intellectual space that emerged in Europe during the Enlightenment. Here, the public came together to discuss important social, economic, and political issues.
P)Regular social gatherings held by talented and rich Parisian women in their homes, where philosophes and their followers met to discuss literature, science, and philosophy. 
A) The idea that the sun, not the earth, was the center of the universe. 
B) A law formulated by Galileo stating that motion, not rest, is the natural state of an object and that an object continues in motion forever unless stopped by some external force. 
C) Newton's law that all objects are attracted to one another and that the force of attraction is proportional to the object's quantity of matter and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. 
D) A theory of inductive reasoning that calls for acquiring evidence through observation and experimentation rather than reason and speculation. 
E) An intellectual and cultural movement in late-seventeenth- and eighteenth-century Europe and the wider world that used rational and critical thinking to debate issues such as political sovereignty, religious tolerance, gender roles, and racial difference.
F)An idea, espoused by John Locke, that all human ideas and thoughts are produced as a result of sensory impressions.
G)A group of French intellectuals who proclaimed that they were bringing the light of knowledge to their fellow humans.
H)Belief in a distant, noninterventionist deity, shared by many Enlightenment thinkers.
I)A concept associated with Rousseau, referring to the common interests of all the people, who have displaced the monarch as the holder of sovereign power.
J)The theory, associated with Adam Smith, that the pursuit of self-interest in a competitive market would lead to rising prosperity and greater social equality, rendering government intervention unnecessary and undesirable.
K)Term coined by historians to describe the rule of eighteenth-century monarchs who, without renouncing their own absolute authority, took up the call to reform their governments in accordance with the rational and humane principles of the Enlightenment.
L)A Jewish Enlightenment movement led by Prussian philosopher Moses Mendelssohn.
M)The controversial process of fencing off common land to create privately owned fields that increased agricultural production at the cost of reducing poor farmers' access to land.
N)Manufacturing with hand tools in peasant dwellings and work sheds, a form of economic activity that became important in eighteenth-century Europe.
O)An idealized intellectual space that emerged in Europe during the Enlightenment. Here, the public came together to discuss important social, economic, and political issues.
P)Regular social gatherings held by talented and rich Parisian women in their homes, where philosophes and their followers met to discuss literature, science, and philosophy.

Question 8

Use the following to answer questions :
-law of inertia

Accepted Answer

A) The idea that the sun, not the earth, was the center of the universe. 
B) A law formulated by Galileo stating that motion, not rest, is the natural state of an object and that an object continues in motion forever unless stopped by some external force. 
C) Newton's law that all objects are attracted to one another and that the force of attraction is proportional to the object's quantity of matter and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. 
D) A theory of inductive reasoning that calls for acquiring evidence through observation and experimentation rather than reason and speculation. 
E) An intellectual and cultural movement in late-seventeenth- and eighteenth-century Europe and the wider world that used rational and critical thinking to debate issues such as political sovereignty, religious tolerance, gender roles, and racial difference.
F)An idea, espoused by John Locke, that all human ideas and thoughts are produced as a result of sensory impressions.
G)A group of French intellectuals who proclaimed that they were bringing the light of knowledge to their fellow humans.
H)Belief in a distant, noninterventionist deity, shared by many Enlightenment thinkers.
I)A concept associated with Rousseau, referring to the common interests of all the people, who have displaced the monarch as the holder of sovereign power.
J)The theory, associated with Adam Smith, that the pursuit of self-interest in a competitive market would lead to rising prosperity and greater social equality, rendering government intervention unnecessary and undesirable.
K)Term coined by historians to describe the rule of eighteenth-century monarchs who, without renouncing their own absolute authority, took up the call to reform their governments in accordance with the rational and humane principles of the Enlightenment.
L)A Jewish Enlightenment movement led by Prussian philosopher Moses Mendelssohn.
M)The controversial process of fencing off common land to create privately owned fields that increased agricultural production at the cost of reducing poor farmers' access to land.
N)Manufacturing with hand tools in peasant dwellings and work sheds, a form of economic activity that became important in eighteenth-century Europe.
O)An idealized intellectual space that emerged in Europe during the Enlightenment. Here, the public came together to discuss important social, economic, and political issues.
P)Regular social gatherings held by talented and rich Parisian women in their homes, where philosophes and their followers met to discuss literature, science, and philosophy. 
A) The idea that the sun, not the earth, was the center of the universe. 
B) A law formulated by Galileo stating that motion, not rest, is the natural state of an object and that an object continues in motion forever unless stopped by some external force. 
C) Newton's law that all objects are attracted to one another and that the force of attraction is proportional to the object's quantity of matter and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. 
D) A theory of inductive reasoning that calls for acquiring evidence through observation and experimentation rather than reason and speculation. 
E) An intellectual and cultural movement in late-seventeenth- and eighteenth-century Europe and the wider world that used rational and critical thinking to debate issues such as political sovereignty, religious tolerance, gender roles, and racial difference.
F)An idea, espoused by John Locke, that all human ideas and thoughts are produced as a result of sensory impressions.
G)A group of French intellectuals who proclaimed that they were bringing the light of knowledge to their fellow humans.
H)Belief in a distant, noninterventionist deity, shared by many Enlightenment thinkers.
I)A concept associated with Rousseau, referring to the common interests of all the people, who have displaced the monarch as the holder of sovereign power.
J)The theory, associated with Adam Smith, that the pursuit of self-interest in a competitive market would lead to rising prosperity and greater social equality, rendering government intervention unnecessary and undesirable.
K)Term coined by historians to describe the rule of eighteenth-century monarchs who, without renouncing their own absolute authority, took up the call to reform their governments in accordance with the rational and humane principles of the Enlightenment.
L)A Jewish Enlightenment movement led by Prussian philosopher Moses Mendelssohn.
M)The controversial process of fencing off common land to create privately owned fields that increased agricultural production at the cost of reducing poor farmers' access to land.
N)Manufacturing with hand tools in peasant dwellings and work sheds, a form of economic activity that became important in eighteenth-century Europe.
O)An idealized intellectual space that emerged in Europe during the Enlightenment. Here, the public came together to discuss important social, economic, and political issues.
P)Regular social gatherings held by talented and rich Parisian women in their homes, where philosophes and their followers met to discuss literature, science, and philosophy.

Question 9

The Scientific Revolution's enthusiasm to classify and "order" nature led to a new practice of grouping people by what?

Accepted Answer

A)  Race 
B)  Nationality 
C)  Political affiliations 
D)  Cultural distinctions 
A)  Race 
B)  Nationality 
C)  Political affiliations 
D)  Cultural distinctions

Question 10

Copernicus feared his hypothesis that the earth rotated around the sun would draw the sharpest criticism from whom?

Accepted Answer

A)  Catholics 
B)  Muslims 
C)  Astronomers 
D)  Jews 
A)  Catholics 
B)  Muslims 
C)  Astronomers 
D)  Jews

Question 11

The key feature of Newton's most important work was the law of

Accepted Answer

A)  planetary motion. 
B)  action and reaction. 
C)  reciprocity. 
D)  universal gravitation. 
A)  planetary motion. 
B)  action and reaction. 
C)  reciprocity. 
D)  universal gravitation.

Question 12

What factors, both cultural and technical, encouraged the Scientific Revolution?

Accepted Answer

Answer would ideally include:
The Scient

Question 13

Johannes Kepler was the assistant of what famous astronomer?

Accepted Answer

A)  Tycho Brahe 
B)  Nicolaus Copernicus 
C)  Galileo Galilei 
D)  Isaac Newton 
A)  Tycho Brahe 
B)  Nicolaus Copernicus 
C)  Galileo Galilei 
D)  Isaac Newton

Question 14

Isaac Newton's theories were based on the principle that the motions of the universe could be explained through which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Alchemy 
B)  Faith 
C)  Mathematics 
D)  Music 
A)  Alchemy 
B)  Faith 
C)  Mathematics 
D)  Music

Question 15

Use the following to answer questions :
-public sphere

Accepted Answer

A) The idea that the sun, not the earth, was the center of the universe. 
B) A law formulated by Galileo stating that motion, not rest, is the natural state of an object and that an object continues in motion forever unless stopped by some external force. 
C) Newton's law that all objects are attracted to one another and that the force of attraction is proportional to the object's quantity of matter and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. 
D) A theory of inductive reasoning that calls for acquiring evidence through observation and experimentation rather than reason and speculation. 
E) An intellectual and cultural movement in late-seventeenth- and eighteenth-century Europe and the wider world that used rational and critical thinking to debate issues such as political sovereignty, religious tolerance, gender roles, and racial difference.
F)An idea, espoused by John Locke, that all human ideas and thoughts are produced as a result of sensory impressions.
G)A group of French intellectuals who proclaimed that they were bringing the light of knowledge to their fellow humans.
H)Belief in a distant, noninterventionist deity, shared by many Enlightenment thinkers.
I)A concept associated with Rousseau, referring to the common interests of all the people, who have displaced the monarch as the holder of sovereign power.
J)The theory, associated with Adam Smith, that the pursuit of self-interest in a competitive market would lead to rising prosperity and greater social equality, rendering government intervention unnecessary and undesirable.
K)Term coined by historians to describe the rule of eighteenth-century monarchs who, without renouncing their own absolute authority, took up the call to reform their governments in accordance with the rational and humane principles of the Enlightenment.
L)A Jewish Enlightenment movement led by Prussian philosopher Moses Mendelssohn.
M)The controversial process of fencing off common land to create privately owned fields that increased agricultural production at the cost of reducing poor farmers' access to land.
N)Manufacturing with hand tools in peasant dwellings and work sheds, a form of economic activity that became important in eighteenth-century Europe.
O)An idealized intellectual space that emerged in Europe during the Enlightenment. Here, the public came together to discuss important social, economic, and political issues.
P)Regular social gatherings held by talented and rich Parisian women in their homes, where philosophes and their followers met to discuss literature, science, and philosophy. 
A) The idea that the sun, not the earth, was the center of the universe. 
B) A law formulated by Galileo stating that motion, not rest, is the natural state of an object and that an object continues in motion forever unless stopped by some external force. 
C) Newton's law that all objects are attracted to one another and that the force of attraction is proportional to the object's quantity of matter and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. 
D) A theory of inductive reasoning that calls for acquiring evidence through observation and experimentation rather than reason and speculation. 
E) An intellectual and cultural movement in late-seventeenth- and eighteenth-century Europe and the wider world that used rational and critical thinking to debate issues such as political sovereignty, religious tolerance, gender roles, and racial difference.
F)An idea, espoused by John Locke, that all human ideas and thoughts are produced as a result of sensory impressions.
G)A group of French intellectuals who proclaimed that they were bringing the light of knowledge to their fellow humans.
H)Belief in a distant, noninterventionist deity, shared by many Enlightenment thinkers.
I)A concept associated with Rousseau, referring to the common interests of all the people, who have displaced the monarch as the holder of sovereign power.
J)The theory, associated with Adam Smith, that the pursuit of self-interest in a competitive market would lead to rising prosperity and greater social equality, rendering government intervention unnecessary and undesirable.
K)Term coined by historians to describe the rule of eighteenth-century monarchs who, without renouncing their own absolute authority, took up the call to reform their governments in accordance with the rational and humane principles of the Enlightenment.
L)A Jewish Enlightenment movement led by Prussian philosopher Moses Mendelssohn.
M)The controversial process of fencing off common land to create privately owned fields that increased agricultural production at the cost of reducing poor farmers' access to land.
N)Manufacturing with hand tools in peasant dwellings and work sheds, a form of economic activity that became important in eighteenth-century Europe.
O)An idealized intellectual space that emerged in Europe during the Enlightenment. Here, the public came together to discuss important social, economic, and political issues.
P)Regular social gatherings held by talented and rich Parisian women in their homes, where philosophes and their followers met to discuss literature, science, and philosophy.

Question 16

How did humanists of the fifteenth century help provide a foundation for the Scientific Revolution?

Accepted Answer

A)  They rejected Greek ideas and learning to make a break with the past. 
B)  They established the world's first universities. 
C)  They emphasized the value of acquiring practical knowledge. 
D)  They focused on the physical nature of the universe. 
A)  They rejected Greek ideas and learning to make a break with the past. 
B)  They established the world's first universities. 
C)  They emphasized the value of acquiring practical knowledge. 
D)  They focused on the physical nature of the universe.

Question 17

Many Enlightenment thinkers believed which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  That ordinary people could not improve their lives 
B)  That faith was meaningless to an enlightened person 
C)  That the methods of science should be used to examine all aspects of life 
D)  That those in power would always resist progressive change 
A)  That ordinary people could not improve their lives 
B)  That faith was meaningless to an enlightened person 
C)  That the methods of science should be used to examine all aspects of life 
D)  That those in power would always resist progressive change

Question 18

Use the following to answer questions :
-Copernican hypothesis

Accepted Answer

A) The idea that the sun, not the earth, was the center of the universe. 
B) A law formulated by Galileo stating that motion, not rest, is the natural state of an object and that an object continues in motion forever unless stopped by some external force. 
C) Newton's law that all objects are attracted to one another and that the force of attraction is proportional to the object's quantity of matter and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. 
D) A theory of inductive reasoning that calls for acquiring evidence through observation and experimentation rather than reason and speculation. 
E) An intellectual and cultural movement in late-seventeenth- and eighteenth-century Europe and the wider world that used rational and critical thinking to debate issues such as political sovereignty, religious tolerance, gender roles, and racial difference.
F)An idea, espoused by John Locke, that all human ideas and thoughts are produced as a result of sensory impressions.
G)A group of French intellectuals who proclaimed that they were bringing the light of knowledge to their fellow humans.
H)Belief in a distant, noninterventionist deity, shared by many Enlightenment thinkers.
I)A concept associated with Rousseau, referring to the common interests of all the people, who have displaced the monarch as the holder of sovereign power.
J)The theory, associated with Adam Smith, that the pursuit of self-interest in a competitive market would lead to rising prosperity and greater social equality, rendering government intervention unnecessary and undesirable.
K)Term coined by historians to describe the rule of eighteenth-century monarchs who, without renouncing their own absolute authority, took up the call to reform their governments in accordance with the rational and humane principles of the Enlightenment.
L)A Jewish Enlightenment movement led by Prussian philosopher Moses Mendelssohn.
M)The controversial process of fencing off common land to create privately owned fields that increased agricultural production at the cost of reducing poor farmers' access to land.
N)Manufacturing with hand tools in peasant dwellings and work sheds, a form of economic activity that became important in eighteenth-century Europe.
O)An idealized intellectual space that emerged in Europe during the Enlightenment. Here, the public came together to discuss important social, economic, and political issues.
P)Regular social gatherings held by talented and rich Parisian women in their homes, where philosophes and their followers met to discuss literature, science, and philosophy. 
A) The idea that the sun, not the earth, was the center of the universe. 
B) A law formulated by Galileo stating that motion, not rest, is the natural state of an object and that an object continues in motion forever unless stopped by some external force. 
C) Newton's law that all objects are attracted to one another and that the force of attraction is proportional to the object's quantity of matter and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. 
D) A theory of inductive reasoning that calls for acquiring evidence through observation and experimentation rather than reason and speculation. 
E) An intellectual and cultural movement in late-seventeenth- and eighteenth-century Europe and the wider world that used rational and critical thinking to debate issues such as political sovereignty, religious tolerance, gender roles, and racial difference.
F)An idea, espoused by John Locke, that all human ideas and thoughts are produced as a result of sensory impressions.
G)A group of French intellectuals who proclaimed that they were bringing the light of knowledge to their fellow humans.
H)Belief in a distant, noninterventionist deity, shared by many Enlightenment thinkers.
I)A concept associated with Rousseau, referring to the common interests of all the people, who have displaced the monarch as the holder of sovereign power.
J)The theory, associated with Adam Smith, that the pursuit of self-interest in a competitive market would lead to rising prosperity and greater social equality, rendering government intervention unnecessary and undesirable.
K)Term coined by historians to describe the rule of eighteenth-century monarchs who, without renouncing their own absolute authority, took up the call to reform their governments in accordance with the rational and humane principles of the Enlightenment.
L)A Jewish Enlightenment movement led by Prussian philosopher Moses Mendelssohn.
M)The controversial process of fencing off common land to create privately owned fields that increased agricultural production at the cost of reducing poor farmers' access to land.
N)Manufacturing with hand tools in peasant dwellings and work sheds, a form of economic activity that became important in eighteenth-century Europe.
O)An idealized intellectual space that emerged in Europe during the Enlightenment. Here, the public came together to discuss important social, economic, and political issues.
P)Regular social gatherings held by talented and rich Parisian women in their homes, where philosophes and their followers met to discuss literature, science, and philosophy.

Question 19

Which two men are generally given credit for creating the modern scientific method?

Accepted Answer

A)  Johannes Kepler and Francis Bacon 
B)  Nicolaus Copernicus and Galileo Galilei 
C)  John Locke and Tycho Brahe 
D)  René Descartes and Francis Bacon 
A)  Johannes Kepler and Francis Bacon 
B)  Nicolaus Copernicus and Galileo Galilei 
C)  John Locke and Tycho Brahe 
D)  René Descartes and Francis Bacon

Question 20

What was Catherine the Great's most significant territorial triumph?

Accepted Answer

A)  The annexation of Turkey 
B)  The seizure of Silesia 
C)  The annexation of Siberia 
D)  The partition of Poland 
A)  The annexation of Turkey 
B)  The seizure of Silesia 
C)  The annexation of Siberia 
D)  The partition of Poland

Exam 19: New Worldviews and Ways of Life, 1540-1790

The Haskalah movement advocated for which of the following?

What was Copernicus's primary reason for rejecting the Ptolemaic model of the solar system?

Both Francis Bacon and René Descartes were needed for the development of the modern scientific method. How did they contribute to that idea, and what are the flaws in their theories?

How and why did the philosophes popularize the new worldview that was constructed by the new sciences?

According to the Aristotelian view of the universe,

Describe the factors that link the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment. Why are they so often taught together?

Use the following to answer questions : -enclosure

Use the following to answer questions : -law of inertia

The Scientific Revolution's enthusiasm to classify and "order" nature led to a new practice of grouping people by what?

Copernicus feared his hypothesis that the earth rotated around the sun would draw the sharpest criticism from whom?

The key feature of Newton's most important work was the law of

What factors, both cultural and technical, encouraged the Scientific Revolution?

Johannes Kepler was the assistant of what famous astronomer?

Isaac Newton's theories were based on the principle that the motions of the universe could be explained through which of the following?

Use the following to answer questions : -public sphere

How did humanists of the fifteenth century help provide a foundation for the Scientific Revolution?

Many Enlightenment thinkers believed which of the following?

Use the following to answer questions : -Copernican hypothesis

Which two men are generally given credit for creating the modern scientific method?

What was Catherine the Great's most significant territorial triumph?

The Earliest Human Societies, to 2500 Bce

Complex Societies in Southwest Asia and the Nile Valley, 3800-500 Bce

The Foundation of Indian Society, to 300 Ce

Chinas Classical Age, to 221 Bce

The Greek Experience, 3500-30 Bce

The World of Rome, Ca 1000 Bce-400 Ce

East Asia and the Spread of Buddhism, 221 Bce-845 Ce

Continuity and Change in Europe and Western Asia, 250-850

The Islamic World, 600-1400

African Societies and Kingdoms, 1000 Bce-1500 Ce

The Americas, 3200 Bce-1500 Ce

Cultural Exchange in Central and Southern Asia, 300-1400

States and Cultures in East Asia, 800-1400

Europe and Western Asia in the Middle Ages, 800-1450

Europe in the Renaissance and Reformation, 1350-1600

The Acceleration of Global Contact, 1450-1600

The Islamic World Powers, 1300-1800

European Power and Expansion, 1500-1750

Africa and the World, 1400-1800

Continuity and Change in East Asia, 1400-1800

Revolutions in the Atlantic World, 1775-1825

The Revolution in Energy and Industry, 1760-1850

Ideologies of Change in Europe, 1815-1914

Africa, the Ottoman Empire, and the New Imperialism, 1800-1914

Asia and the Pacific in the Era of Imperialism, 1800-1914

The Americas in the Age of Liberalism, 1810-1917

World War and Revolution, 1914-1929

Nationalism in Asia, 1914-1939

The Great Depression and World War Ii, 1929-1945

Review

Liberalization, 1968-2000s

The Contemporary World in Historical Perspective

20th Century Global Issues and Developments

Filters