Question 1

The zygomatic bone is an example of a(n) ________ bone.

Accepted Answer

A)  long 
B)  flat 
C)  short 
D)  irregular 
A)  long 
B)  flat 
C)  short 
D)  irregular

Question 2

How do the lymphatic and immune systems contribute to osteoporosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Macrophages in the skin destroy the precursor to vitamin D. 
B)  Immune cells resist infections and release chemicals that promote tissue repair. 
C)  Excessive smoking stimulate immune cells to attack bones, which increases bone loss. 
D)  Calcium ions are excreted by immune cells at the lymph nodes. 
E)  Decreased estrogen levels following a viral infection contribute to the disease. 
A)  Macrophages in the skin destroy the precursor to vitamin D. 
B)  Immune cells resist infections and release chemicals that promote tissue repair. 
C)  Excessive smoking stimulate immune cells to attack bones, which increases bone loss. 
D)  Calcium ions are excreted by immune cells at the lymph nodes. 
E)  Decreased estrogen levels following a viral infection contribute to the disease.

Question 3

What is the area where marrow is located?

Accepted Answer

A)  Periosteum 
B)  Sharpey fibers 
C)  Growth plate 
D)  Medullary cavity 
E)  Endosteum 
A)  Periosteum 
B)  Sharpey fibers 
C)  Growth plate 
D)  Medullary cavity 
E)  Endosteum

Question 4

Some flat and irregular bones of the skull have air-filled spaces called ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  epiphyseal spaces 
B)  medullary cavities 
C)  lacunae 
D)  sinuses 
E)  trabeculae 
A)  epiphyseal spaces 
B)  medullary cavities 
C)  lacunae 
D)  sinuses 
E)  trabeculae

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a direct effect of parathyroid hormone (PTH)?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increased Ca2+ uptake by the small intestine 
B)  Increased vitamin D formation in the kidneys 
C)  Increased Ca2+ reabsorption by the kidneys 
D)  Decreased Ca2+ loss by the kidneys 
E)  All of the choices are direct effects of PTH. 
A)  Increased Ca2+ uptake by the small intestine 
B)  Increased vitamin D formation in the kidneys 
C)  Increased Ca2+ reabsorption by the kidneys 
D)  Decreased Ca2+ loss by the kidneys 
E)  All of the choices are direct effects of PTH.

Question 6

-What does structure "D" represent on the bone diagram?

Accepted Answer

A)  Spongy bone 
B)  Diaphysis 
C)  Epiphyseal lines 
D)  Articular cartilage 
E)  Epiphysis 
A)  Spongy bone 
B)  Diaphysis 
C)  Epiphyseal lines 
D)  Articular cartilage 
E)  Epiphysis

Question 7

Small channels extending through the bone matrix are ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  lamellae 
B)  lacunae 
C)  canaliculi 
D)  periosteum 
E)  trabeculae 
A)  lamellae 
B)  lacunae 
C)  canaliculi 
D)  periosteum 
E)  trabeculae

Question 8

-This figure illustrates bone growth in length at the epiphyseal plate. Zone "C" represents

Accepted Answer

A)  bone tissue of the diaphysis. 
B)  zone of calcification. 
C)  zone of hypertrophy. 
D)  zone of proliferation. 
E)  zone of resting cartilage. 
A)  bone tissue of the diaphysis. 
B)  zone of calcification. 
C)  zone of hypertrophy. 
D)  zone of proliferation. 
E)  zone of resting cartilage.

Question 9

Which type of bone cell incorporates calcium and phosphate ions into bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

A)  Osteochondral progenitor cell 
B)  Osteoblast 
C)  Osteocyte 
D)  Osteoclast 
A)  Osteochondral progenitor cell 
B)  Osteoblast 
C)  Osteocyte 
D)  Osteoclast

Question 10

A band of connective tissue that attaches a muscle to a bone is a/an ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  aponeurosis 
B)  ligament 
C)  bursa 
D)  epimysium 
E)  tendon 
A)  aponeurosis 
B)  ligament 
C)  bursa 
D)  epimysium 
E)  tendon

Question 11

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) causes

Accepted Answer

A)  increased RANKL and increased OPG. 
B)  increased RANKL and decreased OPG. 
C)  decreased RANKL and increased OPG. 
D)  decreased RANKL and decreased OPG. 
E)  PTH has no effect on RANKL and OPG. 
A)  increased RANKL and increased OPG. 
B)  increased RANKL and decreased OPG. 
C)  decreased RANKL and increased OPG. 
D)  decreased RANKL and decreased OPG. 
E)  PTH has no effect on RANKL and OPG.

Question 12

In which type of bonet tissue are osteons present?

Accepted Answer

A)  Spongy bone 
B)  Compact bone 
C)  Both "spongy bone" and "compact bone" are correct. 
A)  Spongy bone 
B)  Compact bone 
C)  Both "spongy bone" and "compact bone" are correct.

Question 13

Normal bone growth requires adequate amounts of certain substance from the diet. Which of the following list three of the dietary needs for normal bone growth?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sodium, calcium, and vitamin E 
B)  Potassium, calcium, and vitamin D 
C)  Calcium, phosphate, and vitamin D 
D)  Vitamin D, phosphate, and chloride 
E)  Vitamin E, vitamin B, and vitamin A 
A)  Sodium, calcium, and vitamin E 
B)  Potassium, calcium, and vitamin D 
C)  Calcium, phosphate, and vitamin D 
D)  Vitamin D, phosphate, and chloride 
E)  Vitamin E, vitamin B, and vitamin A

Question 14

Which of the following is correctly matched?

Accepted Answer

A)  Osteocyte - functions in bone remodeling 
B)  Osteoclast - responsible for reabsorption 
C)  Osteoblast - breaks down bone tissue 
D)  Endosteum - lines central canal of the osteon 
E)  Periosteum - lines the medullary cavity 
A)  Osteocyte - functions in bone remodeling 
B)  Osteoclast - responsible for reabsorption 
C)  Osteoblast - breaks down bone tissue 
D)  Endosteum - lines central canal of the osteon 
E)  Periosteum - lines the medullary cavity

Question 15

Which of the following statements about bone remodeling and repair is correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bone remodeling involves removal of old bone by osteoblasts. 
B)  As a long bone increases in diameter, the size of the marrow cavity decreases. 
C)  The rate of bone remodeling increases in the elderly. 
D)  Exposure of a bone to increased mechanical stress can lead to bone remodeling. 
E)  Bone remodeling does not involve the activity of the osteoclasts and the osteoblasts. 
A)  Bone remodeling involves removal of old bone by osteoblasts. 
B)  As a long bone increases in diameter, the size of the marrow cavity decreases. 
C)  The rate of bone remodeling increases in the elderly. 
D)  Exposure of a bone to increased mechanical stress can lead to bone remodeling. 
E)  Bone remodeling does not involve the activity of the osteoclasts and the osteoblasts.

Question 16

In appositional growth of cartilage,

Accepted Answer

A)  chondroblasts within the tissue proliferate and add more matrix from the inside. 
B)  new chondrocytes and new matrix are added on the outside of the tissue. 
C)  osteoblasts replace the chondroblasts. 
D)  the tissue becomes vascularized in order to grow. 
E)  the cartilage is replaced with another kind of connective tissue. 
A)  chondroblasts within the tissue proliferate and add more matrix from the inside. 
B)  new chondrocytes and new matrix are added on the outside of the tissue. 
C)  osteoblasts replace the chondroblasts. 
D)  the tissue becomes vascularized in order to grow. 
E)  the cartilage is replaced with another kind of connective tissue.

Question 17

The cell type that is responsible for maintaining bone once it has been formed is the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  osteoclast 
B)  osteoblast 
C)  chondrocyte 
D)  osteocyte 
E)  chondroblast 
A)  osteoclast 
B)  osteoblast 
C)  chondrocyte 
D)  osteocyte 
E)  chondroblast

Question 18

The remodeling of bone tissue is a function of

Accepted Answer

A)  osteoblast and osteoclast activity. 
B)  osteoclast and osteocyte activity. 
C)  chondroblast and osteoclast activity. 
D)  chondrocyte and osteocyte activity. 
E)  fibroblast and chondroblast activity. 
A)  osteoblast and osteoclast activity. 
B)  osteoclast and osteocyte activity. 
C)  chondroblast and osteoclast activity. 
D)  chondrocyte and osteocyte activity. 
E)  fibroblast and chondroblast activity.

Question 19

Long bones grow in length at the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  epiphyseal plate 
B)  articular cartilage 
C)  center of the shaft 
D)  endosteum-periosteum junction 
E)  center of the epiphysis 
A)  epiphyseal plate 
B)  articular cartilage 
C)  center of the shaft 
D)  endosteum-periosteum junction 
E)  center of the epiphysis

Question 20

The covering of the outer surface of bone is the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  lamellae 
B)  lacunae 
C)  canaliculi 
D)  periosteum 
E)  trabeculae 
A)  lamellae 
B)  lacunae 
C)  canaliculi 
D)  periosteum 
E)  trabeculae

Exam 6: Skeletal System: Bones and Bone Tissue

The zygomatic bone is an example of a(n) ________ bone.

How do the lymphatic and immune systems contribute to osteoporosis?

What is the area where marrow is located?

Some flat and irregular bones of the skull have air-filled spaces called ________.

Which of the following is NOT a direct effect of parathyroid hormone (PTH)?

-What does structure "D" represent on the bone diagram?

Small channels extending through the bone matrix are ________.

-This figure illustrates bone growth in length at the epiphyseal plate. Zone "C" represents

Which type of bone cell incorporates calcium and phosphate ions into bone tissue?

A band of connective tissue that attaches a muscle to a bone is a/an ________.

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) causes

In which type of bonet tissue are osteons present?

Normal bone growth requires adequate amounts of certain substance from the diet. Which of the following list three of the dietary needs for normal bone growth?

Which of the following is correctly matched?

Which of the following statements about bone remodeling and repair is correct?

In appositional growth of cartilage,

The cell type that is responsible for maintaining bone once it has been formed is the ________.

The remodeling of bone tissue is a function of

Long bones grow in length at the ________.

The covering of the outer surface of bone is the ________.

The Human Organism

The Chemical Basis of Life

Cell Biology

Tissues

Integumentary System

Skeletal System: Gross Anatomy

Joint and Movement

Muscular System: Histology and Physiology

Muscular System: Gross Anatomy

Functional Organization of Nervous Tissue

Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves

Brain and Cranial Nerves

Integration of Nervous System Functions

The Special Senses

Autonomic Nervous System

Functional Organization of the Endocrine System

Endocrine Glands

Cardiovascular System: Blood

Cardiovascular System: the Heart

Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels and Circulation

Lymphatic System and Immunity

Respiratory System

Digestive System

Nutrition, Metabolism, and Temperature Regulation

Urinary System

Water, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance

Reproductive System

Development, Growth, Aging, and Genetics

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