Question 1

Which type of bone tissue is considered dense bone?

Accepted Answer

A)  Spongy bone 
B)  Compact bone 
C)  Both "spongy bone" and "compact bone" are correct. 
A)  Spongy bone 
B)  Compact bone 
C)  Both "spongy bone" and "compact bone" are correct.

Question 2

The connective tissue sheath of cartilage is called the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  matrix 
B)  chondrocyte 
C)  ligamentous cord 
D)  lacuna 
E)  perichondrium 
A)  matrix 
B)  chondrocyte 
C)  ligamentous cord 
D)  lacuna 
E)  perichondrium

Question 3

The stem cells of osteoclasts are ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  osteocytes 
B)  osteoclasts 
C)  chondrocytes 
D)  the same cells that give rise to monocytes 
E)  osteochondral progenitor cells 
A)  osteocytes 
B)  osteoclasts 
C)  chondrocytes 
D)  the same cells that give rise to monocytes 
E)  osteochondral progenitor cells

Question 4

Which of the following matrix molecules in cartilage tends to trap large quantities of water?

Accepted Answer

A)  Collagen 
B)  Proteoglycan 
C)  Hyaluronic acid 
D)  Elastin 
E)  Chondrocytes 
A)  Collagen 
B)  Proteoglycan 
C)  Hyaluronic acid 
D)  Elastin 
E)  Chondrocytes

Question 5

Osteoclasts have projections called ________ that cause bone reabsorption.

Accepted Answer

A)  canaliculi 
B)  lacunae 
C)  ruffled borders 
D)  lamellae 
E)  crossroads 
A)  canaliculi 
B)  lacunae 
C)  ruffled borders 
D)  lamellae 
E)  crossroads

Question 6

The proportion of collagen to hydroxyapatite in bone determines the

Accepted Answer

A)  thickness of the bone. 
B)  length of the bone. 
C)  strength of the bone. 
D)  ability of the bone to heal. 
E)  growth rate of bone. 
A)  thickness of the bone. 
B)  length of the bone. 
C)  strength of the bone. 
D)  ability of the bone to heal. 
E)  growth rate of bone.

Question 7

Osteoclast activity would decrease when ________ levels are elevated.

Accepted Answer

A)  parathyroid hormone 
B)  vitamin D 
C)  calcitonin 
D)  growth hormone 
E)  vitamin C 
A)  parathyroid hormone 
B)  vitamin D 
C)  calcitonin 
D)  growth hormone 
E)  vitamin C

Question 8

The compression (weight-bearing) strength of bone matrix is due to the presence of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  elastin fibers 
B)  collagenase 
C)  hydroxyapatite crystals 
D)  collagen fibers 
E)  bone marrow 
A)  elastin fibers 
B)  collagenase 
C)  hydroxyapatite crystals 
D)  collagen fibers 
E)  bone marrow

Question 9

Intramembranous ossification

Accepted Answer

A)  forms the bones of the roof of the skull. 
B)  is the process that produces most of the skeletal system. 
C)  occurs when bones develop from cartilage models. 
D)  occurs when osteoblasts invade the spaces left by dying cartilage cells. 
E)  occurs on the outer surface of the membrane. 
A)  forms the bones of the roof of the skull. 
B)  is the process that produces most of the skeletal system. 
C)  occurs when bones develop from cartilage models. 
D)  occurs when osteoblasts invade the spaces left by dying cartilage cells. 
E)  occurs on the outer surface of the membrane.

Question 10

How does the integumentary system contribute to osteoporosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lack of exposure to sunlight reduces vitamin D production and decreases calcium absorption. 
B)  Lack of exposure to sunlight increases calcitonin secretion leading to reduced calcium storage in the bones. 
C)  Estrogen produced in the dermis reduces calcium excretion in the kidneys. 
D)  Calcium ions released from the bones are excreted through sweat. 
E)  Decreased estrogen levels following menopause contribute to the disease. 
A)  Lack of exposure to sunlight reduces vitamin D production and decreases calcium absorption. 
B)  Lack of exposure to sunlight increases calcitonin secretion leading to reduced calcium storage in the bones. 
C)  Estrogen produced in the dermis reduces calcium excretion in the kidneys. 
D)  Calcium ions released from the bones are excreted through sweat. 
E)  Decreased estrogen levels following menopause contribute to the disease.

Question 11

Which chemical, ingested or synthesized by the body, is necessary for calcium absorption from the intestines?

Accepted Answer

A)  Growth hormone 
B)  Sex hormones 
C)  Parathyroid hormone 
D)  Calcitonin 
E)  Vitamin D 
A)  Growth hormone 
B)  Sex hormones 
C)  Parathyroid hormone 
D)  Calcitonin 
E)  Vitamin D

Question 12

Which of the following events occurs last in intramembranous ossification?

Accepted Answer

A)  Osteoprogenitor cells become osteoblasts. 
B)  A membrane of delicate collagen fibers develops. 
C)  Spongy bone is formed. 
D)  Periosteum is formed. 
E)  Many tiny trabeculae of woven bone develop. 
A)  Osteoprogenitor cells become osteoblasts. 
B)  A membrane of delicate collagen fibers develops. 
C)  Spongy bone is formed. 
D)  Periosteum is formed. 
E)  Many tiny trabeculae of woven bone develop.

Question 13

How does the reproductive system contribute to osteoporosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lack of sex hormone production reduces vitamin D production and decreases calcium absorption. 
B)  Immune cells decrease in number after puberty and reduce bone repair. 
C)  Excessive smoking lowers estrogen levels, which increases bone loss. 
D)  Calcium ions released from the bones are necessary for gamete production. 
E)  Decreased estrogen levels following menopause contribute to the disease. 
A)  Lack of sex hormone production reduces vitamin D production and decreases calcium absorption. 
B)  Immune cells decrease in number after puberty and reduce bone repair. 
C)  Excessive smoking lowers estrogen levels, which increases bone loss. 
D)  Calcium ions released from the bones are necessary for gamete production. 
E)  Decreased estrogen levels following menopause contribute to the disease.

Question 14

Osteoclast activity is increased by ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  parathyroid hormone 
B)  vitamin D 
C)  calcitonin 
D)  growth hormone 
E)  vitamin C 
A)  parathyroid hormone 
B)  vitamin D 
C)  calcitonin 
D)  growth hormone 
E)  vitamin C

Question 15

Lamellar bone

Accepted Answer

A)  has its collagen fibers randomly oriented. 
B)  has a porous appearance. 
C)  is organized into thin sheets of tissue. 
D)  is very light in weight. 
E)  is not easily restructured. 
A)  has its collagen fibers randomly oriented. 
B)  has a porous appearance. 
C)  is organized into thin sheets of tissue. 
D)  is very light in weight. 
E)  is not easily restructured.

Question 16

The proper sequence of events in bone repair is

Accepted Answer

A)  callus formation, hematoma formation, callus ossification, remodeling of bone. 
B)  remodeling of bone, callus ossification, hematoma formation, callus formation. 
C)  hematoma formation, callus formation, callus ossification, remodeling of bone. 
D)  callus ossification, callus formation, remodeling of bone, hematoma formation. 
E)  hematoma formation, callus ossification, callus formation, remodeling of bone. 
A)  callus formation, hematoma formation, callus ossification, remodeling of bone. 
B)  remodeling of bone, callus ossification, hematoma formation, callus formation. 
C)  hematoma formation, callus formation, callus ossification, remodeling of bone. 
D)  callus ossification, callus formation, remodeling of bone, hematoma formation. 
E)  hematoma formation, callus ossification, callus formation, remodeling of bone.

Question 17

What strengthens the attachment of the tendons or ligaments to bone?

Accepted Answer

A)  Epiphysis 
B)  Sharpey fibers 
C)  Growth plate 
D)  Medullary cavity 
E)  Endosteum 
A)  Epiphysis 
B)  Sharpey fibers 
C)  Growth plate 
D)  Medullary cavity 
E)  Endosteum

Question 18

Spongy bone tissue

Accepted Answer

A)  is very dense. 
B)  contains concentric lamellae. 
C)  contains interconnecting plates called trabeculae. 
D)  has many spaces and lacks osteocytes. 
E)  is the primary component of compact bone. 
A)  is very dense. 
B)  contains concentric lamellae. 
C)  contains interconnecting plates called trabeculae. 
D)  has many spaces and lacks osteocytes. 
E)  is the primary component of compact bone.

Question 19

The application of pressure creates a slight electrical charge on osteoblasts.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Which of the following statements about bone growth is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Most growth in long bones results from interstitial growth. 
B)  Appositional bone growth results in increased bone length. 
C)  Endochondral growth in long bones occurs at the epiphyseal plate. 
D)  In the epiphyseal plate, osteoblasts degenerate to form chondrocytes. 
E)  Bones cannot grow by appositional growth. 
A)  Most growth in long bones results from interstitial growth. 
B)  Appositional bone growth results in increased bone length. 
C)  Endochondral growth in long bones occurs at the epiphyseal plate. 
D)  In the epiphyseal plate, osteoblasts degenerate to form chondrocytes. 
E)  Bones cannot grow by appositional growth.

Exam 6: Skeletal System: Bones and Bone Tissue

Which type of bone tissue is considered dense bone?

The connective tissue sheath of cartilage is called the ________.

The stem cells of osteoclasts are ________.

Which of the following matrix molecules in cartilage tends to trap large quantities of water?

Osteoclasts have projections called ________ that cause bone reabsorption.

The proportion of collagen to hydroxyapatite in bone determines the

Osteoclast activity would decrease when ________ levels are elevated.

The compression (weight-bearing) strength of bone matrix is due to the presence of ________.

Intramembranous ossification

How does the integumentary system contribute to osteoporosis?

Which chemical, ingested or synthesized by the body, is necessary for calcium absorption from the intestines?

Which of the following events occurs last in intramembranous ossification?

How does the reproductive system contribute to osteoporosis?

Osteoclast activity is increased by ________.

Lamellar bone

The proper sequence of events in bone repair is

What strengthens the attachment of the tendons or ligaments to bone?

Spongy bone tissue

The application of pressure creates a slight electrical charge on osteoblasts.

Which of the following statements about bone growth is TRUE?

The Human Organism

The Chemical Basis of Life

Cell Biology

Tissues

Integumentary System

Skeletal System: Gross Anatomy

Joint and Movement

Muscular System: Histology and Physiology

Muscular System: Gross Anatomy

Functional Organization of Nervous Tissue

Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves

Brain and Cranial Nerves

Integration of Nervous System Functions

The Special Senses

Autonomic Nervous System

Functional Organization of the Endocrine System

Endocrine Glands

Cardiovascular System: Blood

Cardiovascular System: the Heart

Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels and Circulation

Lymphatic System and Immunity

Respiratory System

Digestive System

Nutrition, Metabolism, and Temperature Regulation

Urinary System

Water, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance

Reproductive System

Development, Growth, Aging, and Genetics

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