Question 1

According to the expectancy theory, motivation is high when people

Accepted Answer

A) believe that high levels of effort lead to high performance and, ultimately, to the attainment of the desired goals. 
B) perceive that they can satisfy their need for affiliation and need for achievement with minimum effort. 
C) have their most basic physiological and safety needs met. 
D) are given specific and challenging goals that help them focus their inputs in the right direction. 
E) learn to perform behaviors that lead to desired consequences and learn not to perform behaviors that lead to undesired consequences. 
A) believe that high levels of effort lead to high performance and, ultimately, to the attainment of the desired goals. 
B) perceive that they can satisfy their need for affiliation and need for achievement with minimum effort. 
C) have their most basic physiological and safety needs met. 
D) are given specific and challenging goals that help them focus their inputs in the right direction. 
E) learn to perform behaviors that lead to desired consequences and learn not to perform behaviors that lead to undesired consequences. A

Question 2

According to the expectancy theory, a manager wanting to motivate using instrumentality should

Accepted Answer

A) define an incentive plan that links greater outcomes to higher performance. 
B) implement detailed performance monitoring of each employee's goals. 
C) ensure every employee's basic physical needs are met by the company. 
D) assign each employee responsibility for overseeing the performance of a less-experienced peer. 
E) identify a standard outcome that is available for every employee. 
A) define an incentive plan that links greater outcomes to higher performance. 
B) implement detailed performance monitoring of each employee's goals. 
C) ensure every employee's basic physical needs are met by the company. 
D) assign each employee responsibility for overseeing the performance of a less-experienced peer. 
E) identify a standard outcome that is available for every employee. A

Question 3

To help his company achieve its sales goals, Jason puts in a lot of extra time at the office. This is effort is considered a(n)

Accepted Answer

A) output. 
B) input. 
C) outcome. 
D) need. 
E) punishment. 
A) output. 
B) input. 
C) outcome. 
D) need. 
E) punishment. B

Question 4

JKL Distribution struggled to make profits for a few years, but eventually, the company had a very profitable year. Should the CEO raise salaries or give employees bonuses to reward them and motivate them to continue meeting company goals? Explain why.

Accepted Answer

Managers can distribute merit pay to peo

Question 5

As countries become wealthier and have higher standards of living, Maslow's hierarchy contends that ________ needs are likely to become the primary motivators of behavior.

Accepted Answer

A) physiological 
B) safety 
C) self-actualization 
D) belongingness 
E) experiential 
A) physiological 
B) safety 
C) self-actualization 
D) belongingness 
E) experiential

Question 6

Devin's manager constantly messages him the day his monthly report is due, so Devin has begun working late the night before to deliver the report early and avoid the nagging. The manager is using ________ reinforcement to drive Devin's performance.

Accepted Answer

A) positive 
B) absolute 
C) intrinsic 
D) negative 
E) extinction 
A) positive 
B) absolute 
C) intrinsic 
D) negative 
E) extinction

Question 7

Liv is very dedicated and believes that if she puts in the effort to perform at a high level, her organization will provide financial rewards and growth opportunities. According to expectancy theory, this belief demonstrates the concept of

Accepted Answer

A) instrumentality. 
B) persistence. 
C) needs fulfillment. 
D) valency. 
E) expectancy. 
A) instrumentality. 
B) persistence. 
C) needs fulfillment. 
D) valency. 
E) expectancy.

Question 8

Teri, an employee at MobileComm, perceives that while she contributes the same effort and skills to the organization as her colleague José, she receives higher pay and added perks. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) overpayment inequity. 
B) instrumental inequity. 
C) distributive equity. 
D) underpayment inequity. 
E) terminal equity. 
A) overpayment inequity. 
B) instrumental inequity. 
C) distributive equity. 
D) underpayment inequity. 
E) terminal equity.

Question 9

Behavior is considered extrinsically motivated if it is driven by the desire for

Accepted Answer

A) self-growth. 
B) material gain. 
C) a personal sense of accomplishment. 
D) helping others. 
E) avoiding conflict. 
A) self-growth. 
B) material gain. 
C) a personal sense of accomplishment. 
D) helping others. 
E) avoiding conflict.

Question 10

________ is the process of removing the expected consequences that are leading to undesirable behaviors in the workplace.

Accepted Answer

A) Extinction 
B) Punishment 
C) Self-reinforcement 
D) Social learning 
E) Expectancy 
A) Extinction 
B) Punishment 
C) Self-reinforcement 
D) Social learning 
E) Expectancy

Question 11

To help satisfy an employee's motivator needs, Herzberg's theory would direct a manager to provide the employee with

Accepted Answer

A) job security. 
B) a safe workplace. 
C) good pay. 
D) a sense of accomplishment. 
E) effective supervision. 
A) job security. 
B) a safe workplace. 
C) good pay. 
D) a sense of accomplishment. 
E) effective supervision.

Question 12

What are the advantages and disadvantages of using punishment as a way to eliminate dysfunctional behaviors? How can managers avoid the unintended side effects of punishment?

Accepted Answer

Punishment, the administering of an unde

Question 13

Julius is extremely confident and knows he can be a top performer on the team. Julius exhibits high

Accepted Answer

A) self-reinforcement. 
B) self-efficacy. 
C) self-actualization. 
D) self-awareness. 
E) self-discipline. 
A) self-reinforcement. 
B) self-efficacy. 
C) self-actualization. 
D) self-awareness. 
E) self-discipline.

Question 14

According to Alderfer's ERG theory, what behavior might an employee exhibit relative to needs fulfillment?

Accepted Answer

A) If frustrated with needs fulfillment at one level, an employee will focus on a lower-level need. 
B) An employee would focus on only one level of need fulfillment at any given time. 
C) An employee will be most highly motivated by the level of need currently fulfilled. 
D) If frustrated with needs fulfillment at one level, an employee will focus on a higher-level need. 
E) All employees are focused on self-actualization as a primary need to fulfill. 
A) If frustrated with needs fulfillment at one level, an employee will focus on a lower-level need. 
B) An employee would focus on only one level of need fulfillment at any given time. 
C) An employee will be most highly motivated by the level of need currently fulfilled. 
D) If frustrated with needs fulfillment at one level, an employee will focus on a higher-level need. 
E) All employees are focused on self-actualization as a primary need to fulfill.

Question 15

Roland is extremely focused on meeting his personal goals and has a strong desire to succeed at challenging projects. At times, he knowingly takes actions that damage his working relationships in order to succeed. According to McClelland's needs theory, Roland has a

Accepted Answer

A) high need for affiliation and a high need for achievement. 
B) low need for affiliation and a high need for achievement. 
C) high need for affiliation and a low need for power. 
D) high need for power and a high need for affiliation. 
E) low need for achievement and a low need for power. 
A) high need for affiliation and a high need for achievement. 
B) low need for affiliation and a high need for achievement. 
C) high need for affiliation and a low need for power. 
D) high need for power and a high need for affiliation. 
E) low need for achievement and a low need for power.

Question 16

Colin believes that he works harder than many of his coworkers and yet knows he is being paid less. Colin is likely to be motivated to

Accepted Answer

A) improve his work attendance. 
B) increase his working hours. 
C) ask for a raise or a promotion. 
D) ask for more challenging work. 
E) report his situation to the fair labor board. 
A) improve his work attendance. 
B) increase his working hours. 
C) ask for a raise or a promotion. 
D) ask for more challenging work. 
E) report his situation to the fair labor board.

Question 17

In what way do the theories of Maslow and Alderfer resemble each other?

Accepted Answer

A) Self-actualization forms the base of the needs hierarchy. 
B) A person can only be motivated by one need at a time. 
C) As lower-level needs become satisfied, people seek to satisfy higher-level needs. 
D) When people experience need frustration, they focus upon satisfying higher-level needs. 
E) Physiological needs form the pinnacle of the needs hierarchy. 
A) Self-actualization forms the base of the needs hierarchy. 
B) A person can only be motivated by one need at a time. 
C) As lower-level needs become satisfied, people seek to satisfy higher-level needs. 
D) When people experience need frustration, they focus upon satisfying higher-level needs. 
E) Physiological needs form the pinnacle of the needs hierarchy.

Question 18

When Juan violated his company's Internet policy, he was immediately fired. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) extinction. 
B) operant conditioning. 
C) negative reinforcement. 
D) self-reinforcement. 
E) punishment. 
A) extinction. 
B) operant conditioning. 
C) negative reinforcement. 
D) self-reinforcement. 
E) punishment.

Question 19

To help satisfy an employee's hygiene needs, Herzberg's theory would direct a manager to provide the employee with

Accepted Answer

A) job security. 
B) increased responsibility. 
C) autonomy. 
D) a sense of accomplishment. 
E) interesting work. 
A) job security. 
B) increased responsibility. 
C) autonomy. 
D) a sense of accomplishment. 
E) interesting work.

Question 20

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, an individual is primarily motivated by the lowest level of need that is unmet in the hierarchy.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

According to the expectancy theory, motivation is high when people

According to the expectancy theory, a manager wanting to motivate using instrumentality should

To help his company achieve its sales goals, Jason puts in a lot of extra time at the office. This is effort is considered a(n)

JKL Distribution struggled to make profits for a few years, but eventually, the company had a very profitable year. Should the CEO raise salaries or give employees bonuses to reward them and motivate them to continue meeting company goals? Explain why.

As countries become wealthier and have higher standards of living, Maslow's hierarchy contends that ________ needs are likely to become the primary motivators of behavior.

Devin's manager constantly messages him the day his monthly report is due, so Devin has begun working late the night before to deliver the report early and avoid the nagging. The manager is using ________ reinforcement to drive Devin's performance.

Liv is very dedicated and believes that if she puts in the effort to perform at a high level, her organization will provide financial rewards and growth opportunities. According to expectancy theory, this belief demonstrates the concept of

Teri, an employee at MobileComm, perceives that while she contributes the same effort and skills to the organization as her colleague José, she receives higher pay and added perks. This is an example of

Behavior is considered extrinsically motivated if it is driven by the desire for

________ is the process of removing the expected consequences that are leading to undesirable behaviors in the workplace.

To help satisfy an employee's motivator needs, Herzberg's theory would direct a manager to provide the employee with

What are the advantages and disadvantages of using punishment as a way to eliminate dysfunctional behaviors? How can managers avoid the unintended side effects of punishment?

Julius is extremely confident and knows he can be a top performer on the team. Julius exhibits high

According to Alderfer's ERG theory, what behavior might an employee exhibit relative to needs fulfillment?

Roland is extremely focused on meeting his personal goals and has a strong desire to succeed at challenging projects. At times, he knowingly takes actions that damage his working relationships in order to succeed. According to McClelland's needs theory, Roland has a

Colin believes that he works harder than many of his coworkers and yet knows he is being paid less. Colin is likely to be motivated to

In what way do the theories of Maslow and Alderfer resemble each other?

When Juan violated his company's Internet policy, he was immediately fired. This is an example of

To help satisfy an employee's hygiene needs, Herzberg's theory would direct a manager to provide the employee with

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, an individual is primarily motivated by the lowest level of need that is unmet in the hierarchy.

Managers and Managing

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Values Attitudes, Emotions, and Culture: the Manager As a Person

Ethics and Social Responsibility

Managing Diverse Employees in a Multicultural Environment

Managing in the Global Environment

Decision Making, Learning, Creativity, and Entrepreneurship

The Manager As a Planner and Strategist

Value Chain Management Functional Strategies for Competitive Advantage

Managing Organizational Structure and Culture

Organizational Control and Change

Human Resource Management

Leadership

Effective Groups and Teams

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Exam 13: Motivation and Performance

According to the expectancy theory, motivation is high when people

According to the expectancy theory, a manager wanting to motivate using instrumentality should

To help his company achieve its sales goals, Jason puts in a lot of extra time at the office. This is effort is considered a(n)

JKL Distribution struggled to make profits for a few years, but eventually, the company had a very profitable year. Should the CEO raise salaries or give employees bonuses to reward them and motivate them to continue meeting company goals? Explain why.

As countries become wealthier and have higher standards of living, Maslow's hierarchy contends that ________ needs are likely to become the primary motivators of behavior.

Devin's manager constantly messages him the day his monthly report is due, so Devin has begun working late the night before to deliver the report early and avoid the nagging. The manager is using ________ reinforcement to drive Devin's performance.

Liv is very dedicated and believes that if she puts in the effort to perform at a high level, her organization will provide financial rewards and growth opportunities. According to expectancy theory, this belief demonstrates the concept of

Teri, an employee at MobileComm, perceives that while she contributes the same effort and skills to the organization as her colleague José, she receives higher pay and added perks. This is an example of

Behavior is considered extrinsically motivated if it is driven by the desire for

________ is the process of removing the expected consequences that are leading to undesirable behaviors in the workplace.

To help satisfy an employee's motivator needs, Herzberg's theory would direct a manager to provide the employee with

What are the advantages and disadvantages of using punishment as a way to eliminate dysfunctional behaviors? How can managers avoid the unintended side effects of punishment?

Julius is extremely confident and knows he can be a top performer on the team. Julius exhibits high

According to Alderfer's ERG theory, what behavior might an employee exhibit relative to needs fulfillment?

Roland is extremely focused on meeting his personal goals and has a strong desire to succeed at challenging projects. At times, he knowingly takes actions that damage his working relationships in order to succeed. According to McClelland's needs theory, Roland has a

Colin believes that he works harder than many of his coworkers and yet knows he is being paid less. Colin is likely to be motivated to

In what way do the theories of Maslow and Alderfer resemble each other?

When Juan violated his company's Internet policy, he was immediately fired. This is an example of

To help satisfy an employee's hygiene needs, Herzberg's theory would direct a manager to provide the employee with

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, an individual is primarily motivated by the lowest level of need that is unmet in the hierarchy.

Managers and Managing

The Evolution of Management Thought

Values Attitudes, Emotions, and Culture: the Manager As a Person

Ethics and Social Responsibility

Managing Diverse Employees in a Multicultural Environment

Managing in the Global Environment

Decision Making, Learning, Creativity, and Entrepreneurship

The Manager As a Planner and Strategist

Value Chain Management Functional Strategies for Competitive Advantage

Managing Organizational Structure and Culture

Organizational Control and Change

Human Resource Management

Leadership

Effective Groups and Teams

Promoting Effective Communication

Managing Conflict, Politics, and Negotiation

Using Advanced Information Technology to Increase Performance

Filters