Question 1

What are significant signs of acute bacterial meningitis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Severe headache, nuchal rigidity, and photophobia 
B)  Fatigue and lethargy, fever, and anorexia 
C)  Focal signs, such as progressive paralysis in a limb 
D)  Ascending paralysis beginning in the legs 
A)  Severe headache, nuchal rigidity, and photophobia 
B)  Fatigue and lethargy, fever, and anorexia 
C)  Focal signs, such as progressive paralysis in a limb 
D)  Ascending paralysis beginning in the legs

Question 2

Which statement is TRUE about amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cognitive function remains normal. 
B)  ALS affects primarily young women. 
C)  Sensory neurons are damaged initially. 
D)  Cause of death is usually a cardiac arrhythmia. 
A)  Cognitive function remains normal. 
B)  ALS affects primarily young women. 
C)  Sensory neurons are damaged initially. 
D)  Cause of death is usually a cardiac arrhythmia.

Question 3

As intracranial pressure rises, the pupil of the eye, ipsilateral to the lesion, becomes dilated and unresponsive to light because of pressure on the:

Accepted Answer

A)  optic nerve. 
B)  peripheral nervous system (PNS) fibers in cranial nerve III. 
C)  sympathetic nervous system (SNS) nerve to the eye. 
D)  occipital lobe. 
A)  optic nerve. 
B)  peripheral nervous system (PNS) fibers in cranial nerve III. 
C)  sympathetic nervous system (SNS) nerve to the eye. 
D)  occipital lobe.

Question 4

Which signs are indicative of post-polio syndrome?

Accepted Answer

A)  Progressive spastic paralysis 
B)  Ascending flaccid paralysis 
C)  Progressive fatigue and weakness 
D)  Increasing numbness and paresthesias 
A)  Progressive spastic paralysis 
B)  Ascending flaccid paralysis 
C)  Progressive fatigue and weakness 
D)  Increasing numbness and paresthesias

Question 5

Which of the following causes papilledema?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increased pressure of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) at the optic disc 
B)  Increased intraocular pressure 
C)  Pressure on the oculomotor nerve 
D)  Pressure on the optic chiasm 
A)  Increased pressure of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) at the optic disc 
B)  Increased intraocular pressure 
C)  Pressure on the oculomotor nerve 
D)  Pressure on the optic chiasm

Question 6

Which of the following statements about berry aneurysms in the brain is NOT true?

Accepted Answer

A)  They usually develop at points of bifurcation in the circle of Willis. 
B)  They are usually asymptomatic for many years. 
C)  CSF remains free of blood. 
D)  Following rupture, blood appears in the subarachnoid space. 
A)  They usually develop at points of bifurcation in the circle of Willis. 
B)  They are usually asymptomatic for many years. 
C)  CSF remains free of blood. 
D)  Following rupture, blood appears in the subarachnoid space.

Question 7

What is the usual result of damage to the right occipital lobe?

Accepted Answer

A)  Left eye is blind 
B)  Loss of left visual field 
C)  Right eye is blind 
D)  Visual loss in the medial half of each eye 
A)  Left eye is blind 
B)  Loss of left visual field 
C)  Right eye is blind 
D)  Visual loss in the medial half of each eye

Question 8

Where are $\beta$1-adrenergic receptors located?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bronchiolar walls 
B)  Arteriolar walls 
C)  Cardiac muscle 
D)  Glands of the intestinal tract 
A)  Bronchiolar walls 
B)  Arteriolar walls 
C)  Cardiac muscle 
D)  Glands of the intestinal tract

Question 9

What would be the effect of damage to the auditory association area in the left hemisphere?

Accepted Answer

A)  Loss of hearing in both ears 
B)  Inability to understand what is heard 
C)  Loss of hearing in the left ear 
D)  Inability to determine the source of the sound 
A)  Loss of hearing in both ears 
B)  Inability to understand what is heard 
C)  Loss of hearing in the left ear 
D)  Inability to determine the source of the sound

Question 10

Which type of seizure commonly occurs in children?

Accepted Answer

A)  Absence 
B)  Tonic-clonic 
C)  Focal 
D)  Complex partial 
A)  Absence 
B)  Tonic-clonic 
C)  Focal 
D)  Complex partial

Question 11

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease is caused by:

Accepted Answer

A)  inheritance of an autosomal dominant trait. 
B)  infection in the brain by HIV. 
C)  an autoimmune reaction that damages nerve receptors. 
D)  infection in the brain by a prion. 
A)  inheritance of an autosomal dominant trait. 
B)  infection in the brain by HIV. 
C)  an autoimmune reaction that damages nerve receptors. 
D)  infection in the brain by a prion.

Question 12

How is the presence of spina bifida diagnosed?

Accepted Answer

A)  Prenatally by ultrasound or detection of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in maternal blood or amniotic fluid 
B)  Only after birth by direct observation of the sac 
C)  After birth when the sac herniates as CSF builds up 
D)  Only with a spinal X-ray 
A)  Prenatally by ultrasound or detection of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in maternal blood or amniotic fluid 
B)  Only after birth by direct observation of the sac 
C)  After birth when the sac herniates as CSF builds up 
D)  Only with a spinal X-ray

Question 13

Which of the following are typical characteristics associated with schizophrenia?

Accepted Answer

A)  Disorganized thought processes, short attention span, delusions 
B)  Lack of energy and motivation, poor concentration, insomnia 
C)  Hyperventilation, tachycardia, intense anxiety 
D)  Memory loss, mood swings, hostile behavior 
A)  Disorganized thought processes, short attention span, delusions 
B)  Lack of energy and motivation, poor concentration, insomnia 
C)  Hyperventilation, tachycardia, intense anxiety 
D)  Memory loss, mood swings, hostile behavior

Question 14

Which of the following classes of drugs may provide temporary improvement in cases of myasthenia gravis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Skeletal muscle relaxants 
B)  Dopamine replacement drugs 
C)  Anticholinesterase agents 
D)  GABA replacement drugs 
A)  Skeletal muscle relaxants 
B)  Dopamine replacement drugs 
C)  Anticholinesterase agents 
D)  GABA replacement drugs

Question 15

Huntington's disease is diagnosed by:

Accepted Answer

A)  urinalysis. 
B)  motor skills tests. 
C)  DNA analysis. 
D)  antibody agglutination test. 
A)  urinalysis. 
B)  motor skills tests. 
C)  DNA analysis. 
D)  antibody agglutination test.

Question 16

What does a vegetative state refer to?

Accepted Answer

A)  Depression of the reticular activating system (RAS) and inability to initiate action 
B)  Loss of awareness and intellectual function but continued brainstem function 
C)  Continuing intellectual function but inability to communicate or move 
D)  Disorientation and confusion with decreased responsiveness 
A)  Depression of the reticular activating system (RAS) and inability to initiate action 
B)  Loss of awareness and intellectual function but continued brainstem function 
C)  Continuing intellectual function but inability to communicate or move 
D)  Disorientation and confusion with decreased responsiveness

Question 17

What is a major function of the limbic system?

Accepted Answer

A)  Overall control of fluid balance 
B)  Required for logical thinking, reason, and decision making 
C)  Determines emotional responses 
D)  Responsible for artistic and musical talents 
A)  Overall control of fluid balance 
B)  Required for logical thinking, reason, and decision making 
C)  Determines emotional responses 
D)  Responsible for artistic and musical talents

Question 18

Which of the following is a typical early sign of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)?

Accepted Answer

A)  Impaired ventilation 
B)  Cognitive impairment 
C)  Poor control of eye movement 
D)  Weakness and muscle atrophy in upper limbs 
A)  Impaired ventilation 
B)  Cognitive impairment 
C)  Poor control of eye movement 
D)  Weakness and muscle atrophy in upper limbs

Question 19

Which of the following is the most common cause of brain damage in children with cerebral palsy?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hyperbilirubinemia 
B)  Hypoglycemia 
C)  Hypoxia 
D)  Trauma 
A)  Hyperbilirubinemia 
B)  Hypoglycemia 
C)  Hypoxia 
D)  Trauma

Question 20

Which statement is TRUE about depression?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is classified as a mood disorder. 
B)  Episodes of intense fear are recurrent. 
C)  It is marked by increased appetite and libido. 
D)  It is not a common condition. 
A)  It is classified as a mood disorder. 
B)  Episodes of intense fear are recurrent. 
C)  It is marked by increased appetite and libido. 
D)  It is not a common condition.

Exam 14: Neurological Disorders

What are significant signs of acute bacterial meningitis?

Which statement is TRUE about amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)?

As intracranial pressure rises, the pupil of the eye, ipsilateral to the lesion, becomes dilated and unresponsive to light because of pressure on the:

Which signs are indicative of post-polio syndrome?

Which of the following causes papilledema?

Which of the following statements about berry aneurysms in the brain is NOT true?

What is the usual result of damage to the right occipital lobe?

Where are β\betaβ 1-adrenergic receptors located?

What would be the effect of damage to the auditory association area in the left hemisphere?

Which type of seizure commonly occurs in children?

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease is caused by:

How is the presence of spina bifida diagnosed?

Which of the following are typical characteristics associated with schizophrenia?

Which of the following classes of drugs may provide temporary improvement in cases of myasthenia gravis?

Huntington's disease is diagnosed by:

What does a vegetative state refer to?

What is a major function of the limbic system?

Which of the following is a typical early sign of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)?

Which of the following is the most common cause of brain damage in children with cerebral palsy?

Which statement is TRUE about depression?

Introduction to Pathophysiology

Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Imbalances

Introduction to Basic Pharmacology and Other Common Therapies

Pain

Inflammation and Healing

Infection

Immunity

Skin Disorders

Musculoskeletal Disorders

Blood and Circulatory System Disorders

Lymphatic System Disorders

Cardiovascular System Disorders

Respiratory System Disorders

Disorders of the Eye, Ear, and Other Sensory Organs

Endocrine System Disorders

Digestive System Disorders

Urinary System Disorders

Reproductive System Disorders

Neoplasms and Cancer

Congenital and Genetic Disorders

Complications Due to Pregnancy

Complications Due to Adolescence

Complications Due to Aging

Immobility and Associated Problems

Stress and Associated Problems

Substance Abuse and Associated Problems

Environmental Hazards and Associated Problems

Filters

Where are $\beta$ 1-adrenergic receptors located?