Question 1

What is the probable source of an embolus causing a cerebrovascular accident (CVA)?

Accepted Answer

A)  Right ventricle of the heart 
B)  Femoral vein 
C)  Common carotid artery 
D)  Pulmonary artery 
A)  Right ventricle of the heart 
B)  Femoral vein 
C)  Common carotid artery 
D)  Pulmonary artery

Question 2

Which of the following impairments results from infection by the polio virus?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pain and paresthesia in a cranial nerve or dermatome 
B)  Loss of motor and sensory function in the peripheral nerves 
C)  Inflammation and increased intracranial pressure 
D)  Loss of function of motor neurons of the spinal cord and medulla 
A)  Pain and paresthesia in a cranial nerve or dermatome 
B)  Loss of motor and sensory function in the peripheral nerves 
C)  Inflammation and increased intracranial pressure 
D)  Loss of function of motor neurons of the spinal cord and medulla

Question 3

Which statement does NOT apply to the pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Demyelination of axons 
B)  It affects the brain, spinal cord, and cranial nerves 
C)  It affects motor, sensory, and autonomic fibers 
D)  Progressive random degeneration of peripheral nerves 
A)  Demyelination of axons 
B)  It affects the brain, spinal cord, and cranial nerves 
C)  It affects motor, sensory, and autonomic fibers 
D)  Progressive random degeneration of peripheral nerves

Question 4

All of the following may precipitate a seizure EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  hypoglycemia. 
B)  hypoventilation. 
C)  brain abscess. 
D)  high fever in young child. 
A)  hypoglycemia. 
B)  hypoventilation. 
C)  brain abscess. 
D)  high fever in young child.

Question 5

Which of the following dietary supplements has reduced the incidence of spina bifida in recent years?

Accepted Answer

A)  Vitamin B6 
B)  Folic acid 
C)  Vitamins A and D 
D)  Zinc and magnesium 
A)  Vitamin B6 
B)  Folic acid 
C)  Vitamins A and D 
D)  Zinc and magnesium

Question 6

Which of the following are common early signs of multiple sclerosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Paralysis of the lower body, impaired cognitive function 
B)  Areas of numbness, weakness in the legs, visual problems 
C)  Sensory deficit in the legs and trunk, memory loss, urinary incontinence 
D)  Tremors, speech impairment, hearing loss 
A)  Paralysis of the lower body, impaired cognitive function 
B)  Areas of numbness, weakness in the legs, visual problems 
C)  Sensory deficit in the legs and trunk, memory loss, urinary incontinence 
D)  Tremors, speech impairment, hearing loss

Question 7

With regard to meningitis, choose the correct combination of microbe and the age group commonly affected.

Accepted Answer

A)  E. coli: elderly 
B)  H. influenzae: neonate 
C)  N. meningitides: children and youth 
D)  S. pneumoniae: young children 
A)  E. coli: elderly 
B)  H. influenzae: neonate 
C)  N. meningitides: children and youth 
D)  S. pneumoniae: young children

Question 8

Collateral circulation is most likely to be present when a CVA results from:

Accepted Answer

A)  rupture of a cerebral artery. 
B)  an embolus. 
C)  atherosclerosis. 
D)  vasospasm in the cerebral circulation. 
A)  rupture of a cerebral artery. 
B)  an embolus. 
C)  atherosclerosis. 
D)  vasospasm in the cerebral circulation.

Question 9

In cases of Guillain-Barré syndrome, what does the pathophysiology include?

Accepted Answer

A)  Damage and loss of function in the motor neurons of the spinal cord and medulla 
B)  Encephalopathy, with disorientation, headache, and coma 
C)  Infection and inflammation of the motor cortex 
D)  Inflammation and demyelination of peripheral nerves, leading to ascending paralysis 
A)  Damage and loss of function in the motor neurons of the spinal cord and medulla 
B)  Encephalopathy, with disorientation, headache, and coma 
C)  Infection and inflammation of the motor cortex 
D)  Inflammation and demyelination of peripheral nerves, leading to ascending paralysis

Question 10

Herpes zoster can be identified by a typical:

Accepted Answer

A)  unilateral rash and pain along a cranial nerve or dermatome. 
B)  weakness and muscle atrophy in the legs. 
C)  ascending paralysis commencing in the legs. 
D)  skeletal muscle spasms in the face and neck. 
A)  unilateral rash and pain along a cranial nerve or dermatome. 
B)  weakness and muscle atrophy in the legs. 
C)  ascending paralysis commencing in the legs. 
D)  skeletal muscle spasms in the face and neck.

Question 11

Which of the following applies to Parkinson's disease?

Accepted Answer

A)  Usually develops in men and women over 60 years of age. 
B)  There is no apparent genetic component. 
C)  The majority of cases are predisposed by intake of antipsychotic medications. 
D)  It rarely develops in women. 
A)  Usually develops in men and women over 60 years of age. 
B)  There is no apparent genetic component. 
C)  The majority of cases are predisposed by intake of antipsychotic medications. 
D)  It rarely develops in women.

Question 12

Which of the following characteristics indicates that the CSF is normal?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cloudy and pale yellow color 
B)  Presence of erythrocytes 
C)  Presence of numerous leukocytes 
D)  Clear and colorless fluid 
A)  Cloudy and pale yellow color 
B)  Presence of erythrocytes 
C)  Presence of numerous leukocytes 
D)  Clear and colorless fluid

Question 13

In the weeks following CVA, why might some neurological function return?
1) Presence of collateral circulation
2) Immediate therapy to dissolve thrombi and maintain perfusion
3) Reduced inflammation in the area
4) Development of alternative neuronal pathways

Accepted Answer

A) 1 only 
B) 2 only 
C) 1, 3 
D) 2, 3, 4 
E) 1, 2, 3, 4 
A) 1 only 
B) 2 only 
C) 1, 3 
D) 2, 3, 4 
E) 1, 2, 3, 4

Question 14

What does the clonic stage of a seizure consist of?

Accepted Answer

A)  A sudden strong skeletal muscle contraction and rigidity of trunk and limbs 
B)  A cry and contraction of abdominal and thoracic muscles 
C)  Alternating contractions and relaxation of skeletal muscles 
D)  Cessation of all skeletal muscle activity 
A)  A sudden strong skeletal muscle contraction and rigidity of trunk and limbs 
B)  A cry and contraction of abdominal and thoracic muscles 
C)  Alternating contractions and relaxation of skeletal muscles 
D)  Cessation of all skeletal muscle activity

Question 15

The primary reason for seizures frequently occurring with head injuries is:

Accepted Answer

A)  presence of blood irritates the neurons. 
B)  otorrhea or rhinorrhea changes intracranial pressure. 
C)  inflammatory response causes general hypoxia. 
D)  CNS is depressed. 
A)  presence of blood irritates the neurons. 
B)  otorrhea or rhinorrhea changes intracranial pressure. 
C)  inflammatory response causes general hypoxia. 
D)  CNS is depressed.

Question 16

Common manifestations of rabies infection include:

Accepted Answer

A)  headache, foaming at the mouth, and difficulty swallowing. 
B)  difficulty walking and coordinating movements. 
C)  decreased sensitivity to sound and touch. 
D)  vomiting, liver and kidney damage. 
A)  headache, foaming at the mouth, and difficulty swallowing. 
B)  difficulty walking and coordinating movements. 
C)  decreased sensitivity to sound and touch. 
D)  vomiting, liver and kidney damage.

Question 17

Secondary brain tumors usually arise from:

Accepted Answer

A)  severe head trauma. 
B)  metastasized breast or lung tumors. 
C)  exposure to carcinogenic agents. 
D)  exposure to radiation. 
A)  severe head trauma. 
B)  metastasized breast or lung tumors. 
C)  exposure to carcinogenic agents. 
D)  exposure to radiation.

Question 18

In many types of encephalitis, such as St. Louis encephalitis, how are the viruses transmitted?

Accepted Answer

A)  Carriers 
B)  Mosquito and tick bites 
C)  Respiratory droplet 
D)  Septic emboli in the circulation 
A)  Carriers 
B)  Mosquito and tick bites 
C)  Respiratory droplet 
D)  Septic emboli in the circulation

Question 19

Failure of the spinous processes to fuse, but without herniation of the meninges, is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  spina bifida occulta. 
B)  meningocele. 
C)  myelomeningocele. 
D)  encephalocele. 
A)  spina bifida occulta. 
B)  meningocele. 
C)  myelomeningocele. 
D)  encephalocele.

Question 20

Why are focal or generalized seizures sometimes an early indication of a brain tumor?

Accepted Answer

A)  Surrounding inflammation stimulates neurons to discharge spontaneously. 
B)  Malignant tumors cause alkalosis, exciting the CNS. 
C)  Systemic effects of the brain tumor may cause seizures. 
D)  Metabolic effects of cancer change blood chemistry to trigger seizures. 
A)  Surrounding inflammation stimulates neurons to discharge spontaneously. 
B)  Malignant tumors cause alkalosis, exciting the CNS. 
C)  Systemic effects of the brain tumor may cause seizures. 
D)  Metabolic effects of cancer change blood chemistry to trigger seizures.

Exam 14: Neurological Disorders

What is the probable source of an embolus causing a cerebrovascular accident (CVA)?

Which of the following impairments results from infection by the polio virus?

Which statement does NOT apply to the pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis?

All of the following may precipitate a seizure EXCEPT:

Which of the following dietary supplements has reduced the incidence of spina bifida in recent years?

Which of the following are common early signs of multiple sclerosis?

With regard to meningitis, choose the correct combination of microbe and the age group commonly affected.

Collateral circulation is most likely to be present when a CVA results from:

In cases of Guillain-Barré syndrome, what does the pathophysiology include?

Herpes zoster can be identified by a typical:

Which of the following applies to Parkinson's disease?

Which of the following characteristics indicates that the CSF is normal?

In the weeks following CVA, why might some neurological function return? 1) Presence of collateral circulation 2) Immediate therapy to dissolve thrombi and maintain perfusion 3) Reduced inflammation in the area 4) Development of alternative neuronal pathways

What does the clonic stage of a seizure consist of?

The primary reason for seizures frequently occurring with head injuries is:

Common manifestations of rabies infection include:

Secondary brain tumors usually arise from:

In many types of encephalitis, such as St. Louis encephalitis, how are the viruses transmitted?

Failure of the spinous processes to fuse, but without herniation of the meninges, is called:

Why are focal or generalized seizures sometimes an early indication of a brain tumor?

Introduction to Pathophysiology

Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Imbalances

Introduction to Basic Pharmacology and Other Common Therapies

Pain

Inflammation and Healing

Infection

Immunity

Skin Disorders

Musculoskeletal Disorders

Blood and Circulatory System Disorders

Lymphatic System Disorders

Cardiovascular System Disorders

Respiratory System Disorders

Disorders of the Eye, Ear, and Other Sensory Organs

Endocrine System Disorders

Digestive System Disorders

Urinary System Disorders

Reproductive System Disorders

Neoplasms and Cancer

Congenital and Genetic Disorders

Complications Due to Pregnancy

Complications Due to Adolescence

Complications Due to Aging

Immobility and Associated Problems

Stress and Associated Problems

Substance Abuse and Associated Problems

Environmental Hazards and Associated Problems

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