Question 1

Thalassemia is caused by:

Accepted Answer

A)  a defect in one or more genes for hemoglobin. 
B)  an abnormal form of heme. 
C)  abnormal liver production of amino acids and iron. 
D)  overproduction of hypochromic, microcytic RBCs. 
A)  a defect in one or more genes for hemoglobin. 
B)  an abnormal form of heme. 
C)  abnormal liver production of amino acids and iron. 
D)  overproduction of hypochromic, microcytic RBCs. A

Question 2

A high percentage of blast cells in the leukocyte population indicates a poor prognosis for an individual with:

Accepted Answer

A)  thalassemia. 
B)  acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). 
C)  myelodysplastic syndrome. 
D)  multiple myeloma. 
A)  thalassemia. 
B)  acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). 
C)  myelodysplastic syndrome. 
D)  multiple myeloma. B

Question 3

Thrombophilia can result in conditions such as:

Accepted Answer

A)  severe chronic kidney disease. 
B)  peripheral vascular disease. 
C)  deficient calcium levels in the long bones. 
D)  excessive bleeding of hematomas. 
A)  severe chronic kidney disease. 
B)  peripheral vascular disease. 
C)  deficient calcium levels in the long bones. 
D)  excessive bleeding of hematomas. B

Question 4

What is the basic abnormality in thalassemia?

Accepted Answer

A)  Several amino acids in the globin chains have been replaced by substitute amino acids. 
B)  More than four globin chains are found in the erythrocytes. 
C)  The iron molecule is displaced in hemoglobin. 
D)  There is failure to synthesize either the alpha or beta chains in the hemoglobin molecule. 
A)  Several amino acids in the globin chains have been replaced by substitute amino acids. 
B)  More than four globin chains are found in the erythrocytes. 
C)  The iron molecule is displaced in hemoglobin. 
D)  There is failure to synthesize either the alpha or beta chains in the hemoglobin molecule.

Question 5

Individuals with type O blood are considered to be universal donors because their blood:

Accepted Answer

A)  contains A and B antibodies. 
B)  contains A and B antigens. 
C)  lacks A and B antibodies. 
D)  lacks A and B antigens. 
A)  contains A and B antibodies. 
B)  contains A and B antigens. 
C)  lacks A and B antibodies. 
D)  lacks A and B antigens.

Question 6

Which of the following applies to erythropoietin?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is produced by the liver. 
B)  It increases iron absorption for heme production. 
C)  It stimulates production of red blood cells. 
D)  Hypoxia stimulates the red bone marrow to produce erythropoietin. 
A)  It is produced by the liver. 
B)  It increases iron absorption for heme production. 
C)  It stimulates production of red blood cells. 
D)  Hypoxia stimulates the red bone marrow to produce erythropoietin.

Question 7

Which of the following occurs when disseminated intravascular coagulation develops?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increased thrombocytes and blood clotting 
B)  Hemolysis with loss of blood cells 
C)  Massive sepsis and hemorrhage 
D)  Multiple thrombi and deficit of clotting factors 
A)  Increased thrombocytes and blood clotting 
B)  Hemolysis with loss of blood cells 
C)  Massive sepsis and hemorrhage 
D)  Multiple thrombi and deficit of clotting factors

Question 8

What is the cause of oral ulcerations and delayed healing occurring with any severe anemia?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lack of folic acid for DNA synthesis 
B)  Frequent microinfarcts in the tissues 
C)  Deficit of oxygen for epithelial cell mitosis and metabolism 
D)  Elevated bilirubin levels in blood and body fluids 
A)  Lack of folic acid for DNA synthesis 
B)  Frequent microinfarcts in the tissues 
C)  Deficit of oxygen for epithelial cell mitosis and metabolism 
D)  Elevated bilirubin levels in blood and body fluids

Question 9

Capillary walls consist of:

Accepted Answer

A)  multiple endothelial layers. 
B)  a thick layer of smooth muscle. 
C)  two or three epithelial layers. 
D)  a single endothelial layer. 
A)  multiple endothelial layers. 
B)  a thick layer of smooth muscle. 
C)  two or three epithelial layers. 
D)  a single endothelial layer.

Question 10

Why is excessive bleeding a common occurrence with acute leukemia?

Accepted Answer

A)  Deficit of calcium ions 
B)  Impaired production of prothrombin and fibrinogen 
C)  Decreased platelets 
D)  Dysfunctional thrombocytes 
A)  Deficit of calcium ions 
B)  Impaired production of prothrombin and fibrinogen 
C)  Decreased platelets 
D)  Dysfunctional thrombocytes

Question 11

Which of the following applies to the etiology of aplastic anemia? It is:

Accepted Answer

A)  idiopathic in many cases. 
B)  a genetic disorder. 
C)  predisposed by exposure to myelotoxins. 
D)  Both A and C. 
A)  idiopathic in many cases. 
B)  a genetic disorder. 
C)  predisposed by exposure to myelotoxins. 
D)  Both A and C.

Question 12

In cases of polycythemia vera, blood pressure is elevated as a result of:

Accepted Answer

A)  increased blood volume. 
B)  frequent infarcts in the coronary circulation. 
C)  congested spleen and bone marrow. 
D)  increased renin and aldosterone secretions. 
A)  increased blood volume. 
B)  frequent infarcts in the coronary circulation. 
C)  congested spleen and bone marrow. 
D)  increased renin and aldosterone secretions.

Question 13

Which of the following is present with pernicious anemia?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pancytopenia 
B)  Hypochlorhydria 
C)  Leukocytosis 
D)  Multiple infarcts 
A)  Pancytopenia 
B)  Hypochlorhydria 
C)  Leukocytosis 
D)  Multiple infarcts

Question 14

Petechiae and purpura are common signs of:

Accepted Answer

A)  excessive hemolysis. 
B)  leucopenia. 
C)  increased bleeding. 
D)  hemoglobin deficit. 
A)  excessive hemolysis. 
B)  leucopenia. 
C)  increased bleeding. 
D)  hemoglobin deficit.

Question 15

Why is pernicious anemia treated with injections of vitamin B12?

Accepted Answer

A)  An immune reaction in the stomach would destroy the vitamin. 
B)  Digestive enzymes would destroy the vitamin. 
C)  The vitamin irritates the gastric mucosa. 
D)  The ingested vitamin would not be absorbed into the blood. 
A)  An immune reaction in the stomach would destroy the vitamin. 
B)  Digestive enzymes would destroy the vitamin. 
C)  The vitamin irritates the gastric mucosa. 
D)  The ingested vitamin would not be absorbed into the blood.

Question 16

Which statement applies to the disorder hemophilia A?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is transmitted as an X-linked dominant trait. 
B)  There is usually a total lack of factor VIII in the blood. 
C)  Males and females can be carriers. 
D)  Hematomas and hemarthroses are common. 
A)  It is transmitted as an X-linked dominant trait. 
B)  There is usually a total lack of factor VIII in the blood. 
C)  Males and females can be carriers. 
D)  Hematomas and hemarthroses are common.

Question 17

What causes numbness and tingling in the fingers of individuals with untreated pernicious anemia?

Accepted Answer

A)  Persistent hyperbilirubinemia 
B)  Increasing acidosis affecting metabolism 
C)  Vitamin B12 deficit causing peripheral nerve demyelination 
D)  Multiple small vascular occlusions affecting peripheral nerves 
A)  Persistent hyperbilirubinemia 
B)  Increasing acidosis affecting metabolism 
C)  Vitamin B12 deficit causing peripheral nerve demyelination 
D)  Multiple small vascular occlusions affecting peripheral nerves

Question 18

Multiple opportunistic infections develop with acute leukemia primarily because:

Accepted Answer

A)  the number of white blood cells is decreased. 
B)  many circulating leukocytes are immature. 
C)  severe anemia interferes with the immune response. 
D)  decreased appetite and nutritional intake reduce natural defenses. 
A)  the number of white blood cells is decreased. 
B)  many circulating leukocytes are immature. 
C)  severe anemia interferes with the immune response. 
D)  decreased appetite and nutritional intake reduce natural defenses.

Question 19

Secondary polycythemia may be associated with:

Accepted Answer

A)  frequent angina attacks. 
B)  certain types of anemia. 
C)  severe chronic bronchitis. 
D)  renal disease. 
A)  frequent angina attacks. 
B)  certain types of anemia. 
C)  severe chronic bronchitis. 
D)  renal disease.

Question 20

What are the two circulations that comprise the overall circulatory system?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pulmonary and systemic circulations 
B)  Peripheral and central circulations 
C)  Cardiovascular and lymphatic circulations 
D)  Cardiopulmonary and peripheral circulations 
A)  Pulmonary and systemic circulations 
B)  Peripheral and central circulations 
C)  Cardiovascular and lymphatic circulations 
D)  Cardiopulmonary and peripheral circulations

Exam 10: Blood and Circulatory System Disorders

Thalassemia is caused by:

A high percentage of blast cells in the leukocyte population indicates a poor prognosis for an individual with:

Thrombophilia can result in conditions such as:

What is the basic abnormality in thalassemia?

Individuals with type O blood are considered to be universal donors because their blood:

Which of the following applies to erythropoietin?

Which of the following occurs when disseminated intravascular coagulation develops?

What is the cause of oral ulcerations and delayed healing occurring with any severe anemia?

Capillary walls consist of:

Why is excessive bleeding a common occurrence with acute leukemia?

Which of the following applies to the etiology of aplastic anemia? It is:

In cases of polycythemia vera, blood pressure is elevated as a result of:

Which of the following is present with pernicious anemia?

Petechiae and purpura are common signs of:

Why is pernicious anemia treated with injections of vitamin B12?

Which statement applies to the disorder hemophilia A?

What causes numbness and tingling in the fingers of individuals with untreated pernicious anemia?

Multiple opportunistic infections develop with acute leukemia primarily because:

Secondary polycythemia may be associated with:

What are the two circulations that comprise the overall circulatory system?

Introduction to Pathophysiology

Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Imbalances

Introduction to Basic Pharmacology and Other Common Therapies

Pain

Inflammation and Healing

Infection

Immunity

Skin Disorders

Musculoskeletal Disorders

Lymphatic System Disorders

Cardiovascular System Disorders

Respiratory System Disorders

Neurological Disorders

Disorders of the Eye, Ear, and Other Sensory Organs

Endocrine System Disorders

Digestive System Disorders

Urinary System Disorders

Reproductive System Disorders

Neoplasms and Cancer

Congenital and Genetic Disorders

Complications Due to Pregnancy

Complications Due to Adolescence

Complications Due to Aging

Immobility and Associated Problems

Stress and Associated Problems

Substance Abuse and Associated Problems

Environmental Hazards and Associated Problems

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Why is pernicious anemia treated with injections of vitamin B₁₂?