Question 1

What would hypercapnia cause?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increased serum pH 
B)  Decreased respirations 
C)  Respiratory acidosis 
D)  Decreased carbonic acid in the blood 
A)  Increased serum pH 
B)  Decreased respirations 
C)  Respiratory acidosis 
D)  Decreased carbonic acid in the blood C

Question 2

Carbon dioxide is primarily transported in the blood:

Accepted Answer

A)  as dissolved gas. 
B)  attached to the iron molecule in hemoglobin. 
C)  as bicarbonate ion. 
D)  as carbonic acid. 
A)  as dissolved gas. 
B)  attached to the iron molecule in hemoglobin. 
C)  as bicarbonate ion. 
D)  as carbonic acid. C

Question 3

In addition to effects on the lungs and pancreas, cystic fibrosis results in:

Accepted Answer

A)  excess bile production. 
B)  high sodium chloride content in saliva and sweat. 
C)  gastric ulcers. 
D)  frequent ear and sinus infections. 
A)  excess bile production. 
B)  high sodium chloride content in saliva and sweat. 
C)  gastric ulcers. 
D)  frequent ear and sinus infections. B

Question 4

Destruction of alveolar walls and septae is a typical change in:

Accepted Answer

A)  chronic bronchitis. 
B)  acute asthma. 
C)  emphysema. 
D)  asbestosis. 
A)  chronic bronchitis. 
B)  acute asthma. 
C)  emphysema. 
D)  asbestosis.

Question 5

The basic pathophysiology of cystic fibrosis is centered on a/an:

Accepted Answer

A)  defect of the exocrine glands. 
B)  impaired function of the endocrine glands. 
C)  chronic inflammatory condition of the lungs. 
D)  abnormal immune response in the lungs and other organs. 
A)  defect of the exocrine glands. 
B)  impaired function of the endocrine glands. 
C)  chronic inflammatory condition of the lungs. 
D)  abnormal immune response in the lungs and other organs.

Question 6

What is the pathophysiology of an acute attack of extrinsic asthma?

Accepted Answer

A)  Gradual degeneration and fibrosis 
B)  Continuous severe attacks unresponsive to medication 
C)  A hypersensitivity reaction involving release of chemical mediators 
D)  Hyperresponsive mucosa 
A)  Gradual degeneration and fibrosis 
B)  Continuous severe attacks unresponsive to medication 
C)  A hypersensitivity reaction involving release of chemical mediators 
D)  Hyperresponsive mucosa

Question 7

Which of the following is a common source of a pulmonary embolus?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mural thrombus from the left ventricle 
B)  Thrombus attached to atheromas in the aorta or iliac arteries 
C)  Thrombus forming in the femoral veins 
D)  A blood clot in the pulmonary vein 
A)  Mural thrombus from the left ventricle 
B)  Thrombus attached to atheromas in the aorta or iliac arteries 
C)  Thrombus forming in the femoral veins 
D)  A blood clot in the pulmonary vein

Question 8

With a tension pneumothorax, which factors contribute to severe hypoxia?

Accepted Answer

A)  Decreasing compression of the inferior vena cava 
B)  More air leaving the pleural cavity on expiration than entering with inspiration 
C)  Shift of the mediastinal contents toward the affected lung 
D)  Continually increasing pressure on the unaffected lung 
A)  Decreasing compression of the inferior vena cava 
B)  More air leaving the pleural cavity on expiration than entering with inspiration 
C)  Shift of the mediastinal contents toward the affected lung 
D)  Continually increasing pressure on the unaffected lung

Question 9

When does flail chest usually occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  An open puncture wound involves the pleural membranes. 
B)  The visceral pleura is torn by a fractured rib. 
C)  Several ribs are fractured at two sites. 
D)  Increasing fluid in the pleural cavity causes atelectasis. 
A)  An open puncture wound involves the pleural membranes. 
B)  The visceral pleura is torn by a fractured rib. 
C)  Several ribs are fractured at two sites. 
D)  Increasing fluid in the pleural cavity causes atelectasis.

Question 10

What are typical pathological changes with bronchiectasis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bronchospasm and increased mucous secretion 
B)  Adhesions and fibrosis in the pleural membranes 
C)  Airway obstructions and weak, dilated bronchial walls 
D)  Fixation of the ribs in the inspiratory position 
A)  Bronchospasm and increased mucous secretion 
B)  Adhesions and fibrosis in the pleural membranes 
C)  Airway obstructions and weak, dilated bronchial walls 
D)  Fixation of the ribs in the inspiratory position

Question 11

Lobar pneumonia is usually caused by:

Accepted Answer

A)  Mycoplasma pneumoniae. 
B)  Streptococcus pneumoniae. 
C)  Legionella pneumophila. 
D)  Pneumocystis carinii. 
A)  Mycoplasma pneumoniae. 
B)  Streptococcus pneumoniae. 
C)  Legionella pneumophila. 
D)  Pneumocystis carinii.

Question 12

How is cardiac output reduced with a flail chest injury?

Accepted Answer

A)  Atelectasis compresses the heart. 
B)  Venous return is impaired. 
C)  Intrapleural pressure is decreased. 
D)  Air pressure continues to increase in the pleural space. 
A)  Atelectasis compresses the heart. 
B)  Venous return is impaired. 
C)  Intrapleural pressure is decreased. 
D)  Air pressure continues to increase in the pleural space.

Question 13

Light bubbly or crackling breathing sounds associated with serous secretions are called:

Accepted Answer

A)  rhonchi. 
B)  stridor. 
C)  rales. 
D)  wheezing. 
A)  rhonchi. 
B)  stridor. 
C)  rales. 
D)  wheezing.

Question 14

Choose the correct information applying to laryngotracheobronchitis:

Accepted Answer

A)  Viral infection in infant under 12 months 
B)  Viral infection in child, 3 months to 3 years 
C)  Bacterial infection in infant under 6 months 
D)  Bacterial infection in child, 3 to 7 years 
A)  Viral infection in infant under 12 months 
B)  Viral infection in child, 3 months to 3 years 
C)  Bacterial infection in infant under 6 months 
D)  Bacterial infection in child, 3 to 7 years

Question 15

What is the most common cause of viral pneumonia?

Accepted Answer

A)  Rhinovirus 
B)  Influenza virus 
C)  Haemophilus influenzae 
D)  Pneumococcus 
A)  Rhinovirus 
B)  Influenza virus 
C)  Haemophilus influenzae 
D)  Pneumococcus

Question 16

Which of the following causes bronchodilation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Epinephrine 
B)  Histamine 
C)  Parasympathetic nervous system 
D)  Drugs that block $\beta$2-adrenergic receptors 
A)  Epinephrine 
B)  Histamine 
C)  Parasympathetic nervous system 
D)  Drugs that block $\beta$2-adrenergic receptors

Question 17

Infant respiratory distress syndrome results from:

Accepted Answer

A)  insufficient surfactant production. 
B)  incomplete expiration shortly after birth. 
C)  retention of fluid in the lungs after birth. 
D)  immature neural control of respirations. 
A)  insufficient surfactant production. 
B)  incomplete expiration shortly after birth. 
C)  retention of fluid in the lungs after birth. 
D)  immature neural control of respirations.

Question 18

What is the cause of chronic bronchitis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Chronic irritation, inflammation, and recurrent infection of the larger airways 
B)  A genetic defect causing excessive production of mucus 
C)  Hypersensitivity to parasympathetic stimulation in the bronchi 
D)  Deficit of enzymes, preventing tissue degeneration 
A)  Chronic irritation, inflammation, and recurrent infection of the larger airways 
B)  A genetic defect causing excessive production of mucus 
C)  Hypersensitivity to parasympathetic stimulation in the bronchi 
D)  Deficit of enzymes, preventing tissue degeneration

Question 19

Which of the following describes lobar pneumonia?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sudden onset of fever and chills, with rales and rusty sputum 
B)  Insidious onset, diffuse interstitial infection 
C)  Viral infection causing nonproductive cough and pleuritic pain 
D)  Opportunistic bacteria causing low-grade fever with cough and thick greenish sputum 
A)  Sudden onset of fever and chills, with rales and rusty sputum 
B)  Insidious onset, diffuse interstitial infection 
C)  Viral infection causing nonproductive cough and pleuritic pain 
D)  Opportunistic bacteria causing low-grade fever with cough and thick greenish sputum

Question 20

Hemoptysis is a significant sign of:

Accepted Answer

A)  pleural effusion. 
B)  pulmonary embolus. 
C)  pulmonary edema. 
D)  atelectasis. 
A)  pleural effusion. 
B)  pulmonary embolus. 
C)  pulmonary edema. 
D)  atelectasis.

Exam 13: Respiratory System Disorders

What would hypercapnia cause?

Carbon dioxide is primarily transported in the blood:

In addition to effects on the lungs and pancreas, cystic fibrosis results in:

Destruction of alveolar walls and septae is a typical change in:

The basic pathophysiology of cystic fibrosis is centered on a/an:

What is the pathophysiology of an acute attack of extrinsic asthma?

Which of the following is a common source of a pulmonary embolus?

With a tension pneumothorax, which factors contribute to severe hypoxia?

When does flail chest usually occur?

What are typical pathological changes with bronchiectasis?

Lobar pneumonia is usually caused by:

How is cardiac output reduced with a flail chest injury?

Light bubbly or crackling breathing sounds associated with serous secretions are called:

Choose the correct information applying to laryngotracheobronchitis:

What is the most common cause of viral pneumonia?

Which of the following causes bronchodilation?

Infant respiratory distress syndrome results from:

What is the cause of chronic bronchitis?

Which of the following describes lobar pneumonia?

Hemoptysis is a significant sign of:

Introduction to Pathophysiology

Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Imbalances

Introduction to Basic Pharmacology and Other Common Therapies

Pain

Inflammation and Healing

Infection

Immunity

Skin Disorders

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Blood and Circulatory System Disorders

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