Question 1

What are early signs and symptoms of infectious rhinitis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Purulent nasal discharge and periorbital pain 
B)  Serous nasal discharge, congestion, and sneezing 
C)  Copious purulent sputum, particularly in the morning 
D)  Harsh barking cough and wheezing 
A)  Purulent nasal discharge and periorbital pain 
B)  Serous nasal discharge, congestion, and sneezing 
C)  Copious purulent sputum, particularly in the morning 
D)  Harsh barking cough and wheezing

Question 2

A group of common chronic respiratory disorders characterized by tissue degeneration and respiratory obstruction is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  mesothelioma. 
B)  COPD. 
C)  CF. 
D)  MD. 
A)  mesothelioma. 
B)  COPD. 
C)  CF. 
D)  MD.

Question 3

How does severe hypoxia develop with pneumonia?

Accepted Answer

A)  Acidosis depresses respirations. 
B)  Oxygen diffusion is impaired by the congestion. 
C)  Inflammatory exudate absorbs oxygen from the alveolar air. 
D)  Infection reduces effective compensation by the heart. 
A)  Acidosis depresses respirations. 
B)  Oxygen diffusion is impaired by the congestion. 
C)  Inflammatory exudate absorbs oxygen from the alveolar air. 
D)  Infection reduces effective compensation by the heart.

Question 4

Which of the following applies to anthrax infection?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is caused by a virus that mutates frequently. 
B)  When inhaled, it causes flulike symptoms followed by acute respiratory distress. 
C)  There is a long incubation period, often months, following exposure. 
D)  It is a common infection in North America. 
A)  It is caused by a virus that mutates frequently. 
B)  When inhaled, it causes flulike symptoms followed by acute respiratory distress. 
C)  There is a long incubation period, often months, following exposure. 
D)  It is a common infection in North America.

Question 5

When does active (secondary) infection by Mycobacterium tuberculosis with tissue destruction occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  When host resistance is decreased 
B)  When a hypersensitivity reaction is initiated 
C)  When the BCG vaccine is not administered immediately following exposure to the microbe 
D)  When Ghon complexes form in the lungs 
A)  When host resistance is decreased 
B)  When a hypersensitivity reaction is initiated 
C)  When the BCG vaccine is not administered immediately following exposure to the microbe 
D)  When Ghon complexes form in the lungs

Question 6

Which manifestation(s) of atelectasis is/are associated with airway obstruction?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bradycardia and dyspnea 
B)  Tracheal deviation toward the unaffected side 
C)  Decreased breath sounds on the affected side 
D)  Rales and rhonchi 
A)  Bradycardia and dyspnea 
B)  Tracheal deviation toward the unaffected side 
C)  Decreased breath sounds on the affected side 
D)  Rales and rhonchi

Question 7

The maximum volume of air a person can exhale after a maximum inspiration is termed the:

Accepted Answer

A)  expiratory reserve volume. 
B)  inspiratory reserve volume. 
C)  total lung capacity. 
D)  vital capacity. 
A)  expiratory reserve volume. 
B)  inspiratory reserve volume. 
C)  total lung capacity. 
D)  vital capacity.

Question 8

All of the following are expected with infant respiratory distress syndrome EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  severe hypoxia. 
B)  respiratory alkalosis. 
C)  pulmonary vasoconstriction. 
D)  fluid and protein in the alveoli. 
A)  severe hypoxia. 
B)  respiratory alkalosis. 
C)  pulmonary vasoconstriction. 
D)  fluid and protein in the alveoli.

Question 9

Cigarette smoking predisposes to malignant neoplasms because smoking:

Accepted Answer

A)  can cause metaplasia and dysplasia in the epithelium. 
B)  promotes malignant changes in all types of benign tumors in the lungs. 
C)  causes paraneoplastic syndrome. 
D)  increases exposure to carbon monoxide in the lungs. 
A)  can cause metaplasia and dysplasia in the epithelium. 
B)  promotes malignant changes in all types of benign tumors in the lungs. 
C)  causes paraneoplastic syndrome. 
D)  increases exposure to carbon monoxide in the lungs.

Question 10

The production of yellowish-green, cloudy, thick sputum is often an indication of:

Accepted Answer

A)  bacterial infection. 
B)  cancer tumor. 
C)  damage of lung tissue due to smoking. 
D)  emphysema. 
A)  bacterial infection. 
B)  cancer tumor. 
C)  damage of lung tissue due to smoking. 
D)  emphysema.

Question 11

What is an early sign of bronchogenic carcinoma?

Accepted Answer

A)  Air trapping and overinflation of the lung 
B)  Weight loss 
C)  Bone pain 
D)  Chronic cough 
A)  Air trapping and overinflation of the lung 
B)  Weight loss 
C)  Bone pain 
D)  Chronic cough

Question 12

Oxygen diffuses from the alveoli to the blood because:

Accepted Answer

A)  PO2 is higher in the blood. 
B)  PO2 is lower in the blood. 
C)  CO2 is diffusing out of the blood. 
D)  more CO2 is diffusing out of cells into the blood. 
A)  PO2 is higher in the blood. 
B)  PO2 is lower in the blood. 
C)  CO2 is diffusing out of the blood. 
D)  more CO2 is diffusing out of cells into the blood.

Question 13

Which of the following individuals is NOT considered to be at high risk for developing active tuberculosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Homeless individuals 
B)  Individuals with AIDS 
C)  Persons who experience acute asthma attacks 
D)  Those living in institutions 
A)  Homeless individuals 
B)  Individuals with AIDS 
C)  Persons who experience acute asthma attacks 
D)  Those living in institutions

Question 14

What is the acid-base status of a patient with the following values for arterial blood gases? serum bicarbonate 36.5 mmol/L (normal range: 22-28)
PCO2 75 mm Hg (normal range: 35-45)
Serum pH 7.0

Accepted Answer

A)  Compensated metabolic acidosis 
B)  Decompensated metabolic acidosis 
C)  Compensated respiratory acidosis 
D)  Decompensated respiratory acidosis 
A)  Compensated metabolic acidosis 
B)  Decompensated metabolic acidosis 
C)  Compensated respiratory acidosis 
D)  Decompensated respiratory acidosis

Question 15

Pulmonary edema causes severe hypoxia because of:

Accepted Answer

A)  decreased diffusion of carbon dioxide from the alveoli. 
B)  interference with expansion of the lungs. 
C)  constant cough and hemoptysis. 
D)  decreased recoil of lungs and ineffective expiration. 
A)  decreased diffusion of carbon dioxide from the alveoli. 
B)  interference with expansion of the lungs. 
C)  constant cough and hemoptysis. 
D)  decreased recoil of lungs and ineffective expiration.

Question 16

Growth and development of a child with cystic fibrosis may be delayed because of:

Accepted Answer

A)  deficit of gastric enzymes for protein digestion. 
B)  mucus plugs obstructing the flow of pancreatic enzymes. 
C)  lack of available treatment for steatorrhea. 
D)  abnormal salivary secretions. 
A)  deficit of gastric enzymes for protein digestion. 
B)  mucus plugs obstructing the flow of pancreatic enzymes. 
C)  lack of available treatment for steatorrhea. 
D)  abnormal salivary secretions.

Question 17

The use of a continuous positive airway pump in the treatment of sleep apnea will:

Accepted Answer

A)  reduce bronchospasm. 
B)  force expansion of pleural membranes. 
C)  maintain an open airway. 
D)  awaken the person and increase respirations. 
A)  reduce bronchospasm. 
B)  force expansion of pleural membranes. 
C)  maintain an open airway. 
D)  awaken the person and increase respirations.

Question 18

Which of the following would confirm a diagnosis of primary tuberculosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  A positive tuberculin skin test 
B)  Occurrence of hemoptysis 
C)  Unproductive cough with absence of sputum 
D)  Small areas of calcification on a chest X-ray 
A)  A positive tuberculin skin test 
B)  Occurrence of hemoptysis 
C)  Unproductive cough with absence of sputum 
D)  Small areas of calcification on a chest X-ray

Question 19

Restrictive lung disorders may be divided into two groups based on:

Accepted Answer

A)  patient history of obesity and exposure to other COPD. 
B)  smoking history and congenital defects. 
C)  previous lung disease and cardiovascular disorders. 
D)  anatomical abnormality and lung disease damage, impairing expansion. 
A)  patient history of obesity and exposure to other COPD. 
B)  smoking history and congenital defects. 
C)  previous lung disease and cardiovascular disorders. 
D)  anatomical abnormality and lung disease damage, impairing expansion.

Question 20

Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is caused by a/an:

Accepted Answer

A)  rhinovirus. 
B)  mycoplasma. 
C)  influenza virus. 
D)  coronavirus. 
A)  rhinovirus. 
B)  mycoplasma. 
C)  influenza virus. 
D)  coronavirus.

Exam 13: Respiratory System Disorders

What are early signs and symptoms of infectious rhinitis?

A group of common chronic respiratory disorders characterized by tissue degeneration and respiratory obstruction is called:

How does severe hypoxia develop with pneumonia?

Which of the following applies to anthrax infection?

When does active (secondary) infection by Mycobacterium tuberculosis with tissue destruction occur?

Which manifestation(s) of atelectasis is/are associated with airway obstruction?

The maximum volume of air a person can exhale after a maximum inspiration is termed the:

All of the following are expected with infant respiratory distress syndrome EXCEPT:

Cigarette smoking predisposes to malignant neoplasms because smoking:

The production of yellowish-green, cloudy, thick sputum is often an indication of:

What is an early sign of bronchogenic carcinoma?

Oxygen diffuses from the alveoli to the blood because:

Which of the following individuals is NOT considered to be at high risk for developing active tuberculosis?

What is the acid-base status of a patient with the following values for arterial blood gases? serum bicarbonate 36.5 mmol/L (normal range: 22-28) PCO2 75 mm Hg (normal range: 35-45) Serum pH 7.0

Pulmonary edema causes severe hypoxia because of:

Growth and development of a child with cystic fibrosis may be delayed because of:

The use of a continuous positive airway pump in the treatment of sleep apnea will:

Which of the following would confirm a diagnosis of primary tuberculosis?

Restrictive lung disorders may be divided into two groups based on:

Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is caused by a/an:

Introduction to Pathophysiology

Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Imbalances

Introduction to Basic Pharmacology and Other Common Therapies

Pain

Inflammation and Healing

Infection

Immunity

Skin Disorders

Musculoskeletal Disorders

Blood and Circulatory System Disorders

Lymphatic System Disorders

Cardiovascular System Disorders

Neurological Disorders

Disorders of the Eye, Ear, and Other Sensory Organs

Endocrine System Disorders

Digestive System Disorders

Urinary System Disorders

Reproductive System Disorders

Neoplasms and Cancer

Congenital and Genetic Disorders

Complications Due to Pregnancy

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Immobility and Associated Problems

Stress and Associated Problems

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Environmental Hazards and Associated Problems

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What is the acid-base status of a patient with the following values for arterial blood gases? serum bicarbonate 36.5 mmol/L (normal range: 22-28) PCO₂ 75 mm Hg (normal range: 35-45) Serum pH 7.0