Question 1

What are culture and sensitivity tests used for?

Accepted Answer

A)  To determine the type of microbe present in an exudate 
B)  To provide a specific medium that supports maximum microbial growth 
C)  To identify the causative microbe and the effective antimicrobial agent for it 
D)  To provide living host cells for microbes requiring such for replication 
A)  To determine the type of microbe present in an exudate 
B)  To provide a specific medium that supports maximum microbial growth 
C)  To identify the causative microbe and the effective antimicrobial agent for it 
D)  To provide living host cells for microbes requiring such for replication C

Question 2

A strict anaerobe requires which specific environment?

Accepted Answer

A)  A dry environment 
B)  An acidic medium 
C)  Air at a temperature less than 61$\degree$ F/16$\degree$ C 
D)  The absence of oxygen 
A)  A dry environment 
B)  An acidic medium 
C)  Air at a temperature less than 61$\degree$ F/16$\degree$ C 
D)  The absence of oxygen D

Question 3

Which of the following statements applies to Chlamydia?

Accepted Answer

A)  The microbe exists as a chain of cells. 
B)  It causes a common STD. 
C)  It possesses many flagella. 
D)  It is excreted in feces. 
A)  The microbe exists as a chain of cells. 
B)  It causes a common STD. 
C)  It possesses many flagella. 
D)  It is excreted in feces. B

Question 4

Which of the following factors would NOT increase the virulence of a specific microbe?

Accepted Answer

A)  Secretion of endotoxin 
B)  Presence of a bacterial capsule 
C)  Production of interferons 
D)  Secretion of invasive enzymes 
A)  Secretion of endotoxin 
B)  Presence of a bacterial capsule 
C)  Production of interferons 
D)  Secretion of invasive enzymes

Question 5

How do antiviral drugs act?

Accepted Answer

A)  They interfere with cell wall development. 
B)  They decrease cell membrane permeability. 
C)  They destroy new, immature viral particles. 
D)  They reduce the rate of viral replication. 
A)  They interfere with cell wall development. 
B)  They decrease cell membrane permeability. 
C)  They destroy new, immature viral particles. 
D)  They reduce the rate of viral replication.

Question 6

Which of the following is a characteristic of rickettsia?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is a very small gram-negative intracellular microbe. 
B)  It exists in three forms. 
C)  It causes sexually transmitted disease. 
D)  It reproduces by budding. 
A)  It is a very small gram-negative intracellular microbe. 
B)  It exists in three forms. 
C)  It causes sexually transmitted disease. 
D)  It reproduces by budding.

Question 7

Entamoeba histolytica is transmitted by which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mosquitoes (bites) 
B)  Inhaling contaminated particles 
C)  Sexual intercourse 
D)  Cysts in feces 
A)  Mosquitoes (bites) 
B)  Inhaling contaminated particles 
C)  Sexual intercourse 
D)  Cysts in feces

Question 8

Host resistance is promoted by all of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  prescribed immunizations. 
B)  chronic respiratory disease. 
C)  vitamin and mineral supplements. 
D)  appropriate inflammatory or immune response. 
A)  prescribed immunizations. 
B)  chronic respiratory disease. 
C)  vitamin and mineral supplements. 
D)  appropriate inflammatory or immune response.

Question 9

Transmission of microbes by direct contact includes:

Accepted Answer

A)  touching a contaminated countertop. 
B)  sexual intercourse. 
C)  drinking contaminated water. 
D)  inhaling dust-borne microbes. 
A)  touching a contaminated countertop. 
B)  sexual intercourse. 
C)  drinking contaminated water. 
D)  inhaling dust-borne microbes.

Question 10

The primary pathological effect of influenza virus is:

Accepted Answer

A)  destruction of the mucosa in the lower respiratory tract. 
B)  replication of the virus in respiratory secretions. 
C)  destruction of leukocytes and macrophages in the lungs. 
D)  inflammation and necrosis of the upper respiratory epithelium. 
A)  destruction of the mucosa in the lower respiratory tract. 
B)  replication of the virus in respiratory secretions. 
C)  destruction of leukocytes and macrophages in the lungs. 
D)  inflammation and necrosis of the upper respiratory epithelium.

Question 11

Secondary bacterial infections occur frequently during influenza epidemics primarily because:

Accepted Answer

A)  antiviral drugs lower host resistance. 
B)  the virus causes extensive tissue inflammation and necrosis. 
C)  respiratory droplets transmit infections. 
D)  the viral infection is usually self-limiting. 
A)  antiviral drugs lower host resistance. 
B)  the virus causes extensive tissue inflammation and necrosis. 
C)  respiratory droplets transmit infections. 
D)  the viral infection is usually self-limiting.

Question 12

The widespread necrosis of respiratory mucosa caused by an influenza infection often gives rise to:

Accepted Answer

A)  severe anemia. 
B)  secondary infections. 
C)  asthma. 
D)  emphysema. 
A)  severe anemia. 
B)  secondary infections. 
C)  asthma. 
D)  emphysema.

Question 13

Opportunistic infection may develop when:

Accepted Answer

A)  pathogens enter the body but cannot colonize the site of entry. 
B)  an imbalance occurs in the normal resident flora. 
C)  host resistance increases, and the balance of resident flora is restored. 
D)  contaminated food or water is unknowingly ingested. 
A)  pathogens enter the body but cannot colonize the site of entry. 
B)  an imbalance occurs in the normal resident flora. 
C)  host resistance increases, and the balance of resident flora is restored. 
D)  contaminated food or water is unknowingly ingested.

Question 14

Which of the following is a local sign of infection?

Accepted Answer

A)  Fever and leukocytosis 
B)  Headache and anorexia 
C)  Pain, erythema, and swelling 
D)  Nausea, weight loss, and fatigue 
A)  Fever and leukocytosis 
B)  Headache and anorexia 
C)  Pain, erythema, and swelling 
D)  Nausea, weight loss, and fatigue

Question 15

Inflamed tissue is likely to become infected because:

Accepted Answer

A)  the immune system is not effective in inflamed tissue. 
B)  the increased fluid and protein in the inflamed area supports microbial growth. 
C)  phagocytes cannot penetrate the inflamed areas. 
D)  capillaries are less permeable in the affected area. 
A)  the immune system is not effective in inflamed tissue. 
B)  the increased fluid and protein in the inflamed area supports microbial growth. 
C)  phagocytes cannot penetrate the inflamed areas. 
D)  capillaries are less permeable in the affected area.

Question 16

Which of the following is a characteristic of resident or normal flora (microflora)?

Accepted Answer

A)  It exists in all areas of the body. 
B)  Different species inhabit various areas of the body. 
C)  It is of no benefit to the human host. 
D)  It consists only of bacteria. 
A)  It exists in all areas of the body. 
B)  Different species inhabit various areas of the body. 
C)  It is of no benefit to the human host. 
D)  It consists only of bacteria.

Question 17

Which of the following is normally considered sterile?

Accepted Answer

A)  Urine 
B)  Pharynx 
C)  Distal urethra 
D)  Vagina 
A)  Urine 
B)  Pharynx 
C)  Distal urethra 
D)  Vagina

Question 18

The term nosocomial infection means :

Accepted Answer

A)  transmission involves an insect or animal host. 
B)  acquired in a hospital or medical facility. 
C)  transmitted by a fomite. 
D)  spread by direct contact with secretions from an open lesion. 
A)  transmission involves an insect or animal host. 
B)  acquired in a hospital or medical facility. 
C)  transmitted by a fomite. 
D)  spread by direct contact with secretions from an open lesion.

Question 19

Microbial mutation means that:

Accepted Answer

A)  genetic information has changed. 
B)  pathogens become nonpathogens. 
C)  the microbe survives adverse conditions but can no longer replicate. 
D)  the immune response to that microbe is strengthened. 
A)  genetic information has changed. 
B)  pathogens become nonpathogens. 
C)  the microbe survives adverse conditions but can no longer replicate. 
D)  the immune response to that microbe is strengthened.

Question 20

Fungi reproduce by:
1) budding.
2) extension of hyphae.
3) binary fission.
4) production of spores.

Accepted Answer

A) 1, 2 
B) 2, 4 
C) 1, 2, 4 
D) 2, 3, 4 
A) 1, 2 
B) 2, 4 
C) 1, 2, 4 
D) 2, 3, 4

Exam 6: Infection

What are culture and sensitivity tests used for?

A strict anaerobe requires which specific environment?

Which of the following statements applies to Chlamydia?

Which of the following factors would NOT increase the virulence of a specific microbe?

How do antiviral drugs act?

Which of the following is a characteristic of rickettsia?

Entamoeba histolytica is transmitted by which of the following?

Host resistance is promoted by all of the following EXCEPT:

Transmission of microbes by direct contact includes:

The primary pathological effect of influenza virus is:

Secondary bacterial infections occur frequently during influenza epidemics primarily because:

The widespread necrosis of respiratory mucosa caused by an influenza infection often gives rise to:

Opportunistic infection may develop when:

Which of the following is a local sign of infection?

Inflamed tissue is likely to become infected because:

Which of the following is a characteristic of resident or normal flora (microflora)?

Which of the following is normally considered sterile?

The term nosocomial infection means :

Microbial mutation means that:

Fungi reproduce by: 1) budding. 2) extension of hyphae. 3) binary fission. 4) production of spores.

Introduction to Pathophysiology

Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Imbalances

Introduction to Basic Pharmacology and Other Common Therapies

Pain

Inflammation and Healing

Immunity

Skin Disorders

Musculoskeletal Disorders

Blood and Circulatory System Disorders

Lymphatic System Disorders

Cardiovascular System Disorders

Respiratory System Disorders

Neurological Disorders

Disorders of the Eye, Ear, and Other Sensory Organs

Endocrine System Disorders

Digestive System Disorders

Urinary System Disorders

Reproductive System Disorders

Neoplasms and Cancer

Congenital and Genetic Disorders

Complications Due to Pregnancy

Complications Due to Adolescence

Complications Due to Aging

Immobility and Associated Problems

Stress and Associated Problems

Substance Abuse and Associated Problems

Environmental Hazards and Associated Problems

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