Question 1

Prions cannot be cultured in a PETRI plate of media because:

Accepted Answer

A)  they take so long to grow. 
B)  they require extensive amounts of specialized nutrients. 
C)  they are proteinaceous particles, not living organisms. 
D)  they are viruses that don't grow on conventional media. 
A)  they take so long to grow. 
B)  they require extensive amounts of specialized nutrients. 
C)  they are proteinaceous particles, not living organisms. 
D)  they are viruses that don't grow on conventional media.

Question 2

Which of the following is a function of interferons?

Accepted Answer

A)  They block the invasion of pathogenic bacteria. 
B)  They reduce the inflammatory response to local infection. 
C)  They increase host cell resistance to viral invasion. 
D)  They may facilitate the spread of some cancer cells. 
A)  They block the invasion of pathogenic bacteria. 
B)  They reduce the inflammatory response to local infection. 
C)  They increase host cell resistance to viral invasion. 
D)  They may facilitate the spread of some cancer cells.

Question 3

How does penicillin act as a bactericidal agent?

Accepted Answer

A)  It interferes with cell-wall synthesis. 
B)  It blocks protein synthesis. 
C)  It increases cell membrane permeability. 
D)  It prevents DNA replication. 
A)  It interferes with cell-wall synthesis. 
B)  It blocks protein synthesis. 
C)  It increases cell membrane permeability. 
D)  It prevents DNA replication.

Question 4

All of the following are mechanisms of antiviral drug action EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  interference with attachment to host cell. 
B)  block assembly of viral particles. 
C)  interference with mitosis. 
D)  shedding of protein coat. 
A)  interference with attachment to host cell. 
B)  block assembly of viral particles. 
C)  interference with mitosis. 
D)  shedding of protein coat.

Question 5

Which of the following are characteristics of influenza virus?
1) It is an obligate intracellular parasite.
2) It contains RNA.
3) It usually causes nausea and vomiting.
4) There are three subtypes: A, B, C.

Accepted Answer

A) 1, 4 
B) 1, 3 
C) 2, 3, 4 
D) 1, 2, 4 
A) 1, 4 
B) 1, 3 
C) 2, 3, 4 
D) 1, 2, 4

Question 6

Which of the following does NOT directly determine the virulence of a microbe?

Accepted Answer

A)  Capacity for opportunism 
B)  Production of toxins 
C)  Ability to mutate 
D)  Invasive qualities 
A)  Capacity for opportunism 
B)  Production of toxins 
C)  Ability to mutate 
D)  Invasive qualities

Question 7

When an infectious disease is occurring globally at a higher rate than usual, it may be designated as a/an:

Accepted Answer

A)  sporadic occurrence. 
B)  epidemic. 
C)  pandemic. 
D)  emerging disease. 
A)  sporadic occurrence. 
B)  epidemic. 
C)  pandemic. 
D)  emerging disease.

Question 8

Which statement applies to yeasts?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are usually considered to be pathogenic. 
B)  They seldom contain a distinct nucleus. 
C)  They may cause opportunistic infection in the body. 
D)  They are normally not found in large numbers in resident flora. 
A)  They are usually considered to be pathogenic. 
B)  They seldom contain a distinct nucleus. 
C)  They may cause opportunistic infection in the body. 
D)  They are normally not found in large numbers in resident flora.

Question 9

The principle of Universal Precautions is based on:

Accepted Answer

A)  using disinfectants at all times to eliminate cross-infections. 
B)  not touching any open or bleeding lesions. 
C)  sterilizing all instruments and equipment after each use. 
D)  assuming that all body fluids from all individuals are possible sources of infection. 
A)  using disinfectants at all times to eliminate cross-infections. 
B)  not touching any open or bleeding lesions. 
C)  sterilizing all instruments and equipment after each use. 
D)  assuming that all body fluids from all individuals are possible sources of infection.

Question 10

Drugs that are designed to inhibit or slow down growth of microbes but not necessarily kill them are considered:

Accepted Answer

A)  ineffective. 
B)  bacteriostatic. 
C)  narrow-spectrum. 
D)  bactericidal. 
A)  ineffective. 
B)  bacteriostatic. 
C)  narrow-spectrum. 
D)  bactericidal.

Question 11

What does the term carrier mean?

Accepted Answer

A)  A person with active infection who acts as a reservoir for microbes 
B)  Animals, insects, objects, or surfaces contaminated by pathogens 
C)  An individual who is contagious through infected secretions on the hands 
D)  An asymptomatic person whose body harbors pathogens and can transmit them to others 
A)  A person with active infection who acts as a reservoir for microbes 
B)  Animals, insects, objects, or surfaces contaminated by pathogens 
C)  An individual who is contagious through infected secretions on the hands 
D)  An asymptomatic person whose body harbors pathogens and can transmit them to others

Question 12

A broad-spectrum bactericidal agent would be expected to:

Accepted Answer

A)  destroy many gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. 
B)  destroy all pathogenic microbes in contact with the agent. 
C)  reduce the replication of many bacteria. 
D)  inhibit the growth of most spores and acid-fast bacteria. 
A)  destroy many gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. 
B)  destroy all pathogenic microbes in contact with the agent. 
C)  reduce the replication of many bacteria. 
D)  inhibit the growth of most spores and acid-fast bacteria.

Question 13

Bacteria that form an irregular cluster of spheres are called:

Accepted Answer

A)  bacilli. 
B)  diplococci. 
C)  staphylococci. 
D)  streptococci. 
A)  bacilli. 
B)  diplococci. 
C)  staphylococci. 
D)  streptococci.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT classified as a protozoan agent of disease?

Accepted Answer

A)  Plasmodium vivax 
B)  Trichomonas vaginalis 
C)  Tinea pedis 
D)  Entamoeba histolytica 
A)  Plasmodium vivax 
B)  Trichomonas vaginalis 
C)  Tinea pedis 
D)  Entamoeba histolytica

Question 15

When an infection or inflammation is suspected, what does leucopenia often indicate?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bacterial infection 
B)  Viral infection 
C)  Allergic reaction 
D)  Septicemia 
A)  Bacterial infection 
B)  Viral infection 
C)  Allergic reaction 
D)  Septicemia

Question 16

The structure of a virus includes:

Accepted Answer

A)  a cell wall and membrane. 
B)  metabolic enzymes for replication. 
C)  a protein coat and either DNA or RNA. 
D)  a slime capsule and cilia. 
A)  a cell wall and membrane. 
B)  metabolic enzymes for replication. 
C)  a protein coat and either DNA or RNA. 
D)  a slime capsule and cilia.

Question 17

The presence of the bacterial capsule:

Accepted Answer

A)  aids in the release of endotoxins. 
B)  protects the microbe from phagocytosis. 
C)  increases the release of toxins and enzymes. 
D)  prevents replication of the bacterium. 
A)  aids in the release of endotoxins. 
B)  protects the microbe from phagocytosis. 
C)  increases the release of toxins and enzymes. 
D)  prevents replication of the bacterium.

Question 18

What does "bacteremia" refer to?

Accepted Answer

A)  Numerous pathogens circulating and reproducing in the blood 
B)  Uncontrolled sepsis throughout the body 
C)  Multiple infections, primary and secondary, established in the body 
D)  Microbes present in the blood 
A)  Numerous pathogens circulating and reproducing in the blood 
B)  Uncontrolled sepsis throughout the body 
C)  Multiple infections, primary and secondary, established in the body 
D)  Microbes present in the blood

Question 19

A bacterial endospore can:

Accepted Answer

A)  also be classified as an acid-fast bacterium. 
B)  exist in latent form inside a host cell. 
C)  reproduce very rapidly. 
D)  survive high temperatures and a dry environment. 
A)  also be classified as an acid-fast bacterium. 
B)  exist in latent form inside a host cell. 
C)  reproduce very rapidly. 
D)  survive high temperatures and a dry environment.

Question 20

Secondary infection may occur with administration of antibacterial drugs because the:

Accepted Answer

A)  patient is allergic to the drug. 
B)  balance of species in the resident flora is upset. 
C)  mucosa of the stomach is irritated. 
D)  infecting microbes spread to adjacent areas. 
A)  patient is allergic to the drug. 
B)  balance of species in the resident flora is upset. 
C)  mucosa of the stomach is irritated. 
D)  infecting microbes spread to adjacent areas.

Exam 6: Infection

Prions cannot be cultured in a PETRI plate of media because:

Which of the following is a function of interferons?

How does penicillin act as a bactericidal agent?

All of the following are mechanisms of antiviral drug action EXCEPT:

Which of the following are characteristics of influenza virus? 1) It is an obligate intracellular parasite. 2) It contains RNA. 3) It usually causes nausea and vomiting. 4) There are three subtypes: A, B, C.

Which of the following does NOT directly determine the virulence of a microbe?

When an infectious disease is occurring globally at a higher rate than usual, it may be designated as a/an:

Which statement applies to yeasts?

The principle of Universal Precautions is based on:

Drugs that are designed to inhibit or slow down growth of microbes but not necessarily kill them are considered:

What does the term carrier mean?

A broad-spectrum bactericidal agent would be expected to:

Bacteria that form an irregular cluster of spheres are called:

Which of the following is NOT classified as a protozoan agent of disease?

When an infection or inflammation is suspected, what does leucopenia often indicate?

The structure of a virus includes:

The presence of the bacterial capsule:

What does "bacteremia" refer to?

A bacterial endospore can:

Secondary infection may occur with administration of antibacterial drugs because the:

Introduction to Pathophysiology

Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Imbalances

Introduction to Basic Pharmacology and Other Common Therapies

Pain

Inflammation and Healing

Immunity

Skin Disorders

Musculoskeletal Disorders

Blood and Circulatory System Disorders

Lymphatic System Disorders

Cardiovascular System Disorders

Respiratory System Disorders

Neurological Disorders

Disorders of the Eye, Ear, and Other Sensory Organs

Endocrine System Disorders

Digestive System Disorders

Urinary System Disorders

Reproductive System Disorders

Neoplasms and Cancer

Congenital and Genetic Disorders

Complications Due to Pregnancy

Complications Due to Adolescence

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Immobility and Associated Problems

Stress and Associated Problems

Substance Abuse and Associated Problems

Environmental Hazards and Associated Problems

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