Question 1

Which of the following is an effect of a large open pneumothorax (sucking wound)?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mediastinal flutter, impairing venous return 
B)  Increased venous return 
C)  Progressive atelectasis of both lungs 
D)  Overexpansion of the unaffected lung 
A)  Mediastinal flutter, impairing venous return 
B)  Increased venous return 
C)  Progressive atelectasis of both lungs 
D)  Overexpansion of the unaffected lung

Question 2

Choose the correct reason for severe hypoxia occurring with pulmonary edema:

Accepted Answer

A)  Diffusion of oxygen into the alveoli is impaired. 
B)  Fluid in the pleural cavity prevents normal lung expansion. 
C)  Increased concentration of CO2 impairs diffusion of oxygen. 
D)  Increased blood flow through the lungs prevents diffusion of gases. 
A)  Diffusion of oxygen into the alveoli is impaired. 
B)  Fluid in the pleural cavity prevents normal lung expansion. 
C)  Increased concentration of CO2 impairs diffusion of oxygen. 
D)  Increased blood flow through the lungs prevents diffusion of gases.

Question 3

Mediastinal flutter associated with chest injury is likely to:

Accepted Answer

A)  cause pulmonary edema. 
B)  cause hypocapnia. 
C)  increase lung expansion. 
D)  decrease venous return to the heart. 
A)  cause pulmonary edema. 
B)  cause hypocapnia. 
C)  increase lung expansion. 
D)  decrease venous return to the heart.

Question 4

What is a common indicator of cystic fibrosis in the newborn?

Accepted Answer

A)  Infant respiratory distress syndrome 
B)  Failure to excrete meconium 
C)  Taste of ammonia on the skin 
D)  Lack of bile secretions 
A)  Infant respiratory distress syndrome 
B)  Failure to excrete meconium 
C)  Taste of ammonia on the skin 
D)  Lack of bile secretions

Question 5

What cause the expanded anteroposterior (A-P) thoracic diameter (barrel chest) in patients with emphysema?

Accepted Answer

A)  Air trapping and hyperinflation 
B)  Persistent coughing to remove mucus 
C)  Recurrent damage to lung tissues 
D)  Dilated bronchi and increased mucous secretions 
A)  Air trapping and hyperinflation 
B)  Persistent coughing to remove mucus 
C)  Recurrent damage to lung tissues 
D)  Dilated bronchi and increased mucous secretions

Question 6

Which of the following confirms the presence of active (reinfection) tuberculosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  A positive skin test for TB 
B)  A calcified tubercle shown on a chest X-ray 
C)  Identification of acid-fast bacilli in a sputum sample 
D)  A history of exposure to individuals being treated for TB 
A)  A positive skin test for TB 
B)  A calcified tubercle shown on a chest X-ray 
C)  Identification of acid-fast bacilli in a sputum sample 
D)  A history of exposure to individuals being treated for TB

Question 7

Which of the following are significant signs of bronchiectasis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Persistent nonproductive cough, dyspnea, and fatigue 
B)  Persistent purulent nasal discharge, fever, and cough 
C)  Chronic cough, producing large quantities of purulent sputum 
D)  Wheezing and stridor 
A)  Persistent nonproductive cough, dyspnea, and fatigue 
B)  Persistent purulent nasal discharge, fever, and cough 
C)  Chronic cough, producing large quantities of purulent sputum 
D)  Wheezing and stridor

Question 8

Cystic fibrosis is transmitted as a/an:

Accepted Answer

A)  X-linked recessive gene. 
B)  autosomal recessive gene. 
C)  autosomal dominant gene. 
D)  chromosomal defect. 
A)  X-linked recessive gene. 
B)  autosomal recessive gene. 
C)  autosomal dominant gene. 
D)  chromosomal defect.

Question 9

What is a sign indicating total obstruction of the airway by aspirated material?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hoarse cough 
B)  Rapid loss of consciousness 
C)  Dyspnea 
D)  Inflammation of the mucosa 
A)  Hoarse cough 
B)  Rapid loss of consciousness 
C)  Dyspnea 
D)  Inflammation of the mucosa

Question 10

The respiratory mucosa is continuous through the:
1) upper and lower respiratory tracts.
2) nasal cavities and the sinuses.
3) nasopharynx and oropharynx.
4) middle ear cavity and auditory tube.

Accepted Answer

A) 1 only 
B) 1, 2 
C) 2, 3 
D) 1, 3, 4 
E) 1, 2, 3, 4 
A) 1 only 
B) 1, 2 
C) 2, 3 
D) 1, 3, 4 
E) 1, 2, 3, 4

Question 11

Whenever PO2 levels decrease below normal, PCO2 levels:

Accepted Answer

A)  increase. 
B)  decrease also. 
C)  may or may not change. 
D)  increase slightly. 
A)  increase. 
B)  decrease also. 
C)  may or may not change. 
D)  increase slightly.

Question 12

How does a large pleural effusion lead to atelectasis?

Accepted Answer

A)  The cohesion between the pleural membranes is disrupted. 
B)  There is decreased intrapleural pressure. 
C)  The mediastinal contents compress the affected side. 
D)  Pleuritic pain causes very shallow breathing. 
A)  The cohesion between the pleural membranes is disrupted. 
B)  There is decreased intrapleural pressure. 
C)  The mediastinal contents compress the affected side. 
D)  Pleuritic pain causes very shallow breathing.

Question 13

Select the statement related to tuberculosis:

Accepted Answer

A)  The microbe is present in the sputum of all patients with a positive TB skin test. 
B)  The infection is transmitted primarily by blood from an infected person. 
C)  TB is usually caused by an acid-fast bacillus, resistant to many disinfectants. 
D)  The microbe is quickly destroyed by the immune response. 
A)  The microbe is present in the sputum of all patients with a positive TB skin test. 
B)  The infection is transmitted primarily by blood from an infected person. 
C)  TB is usually caused by an acid-fast bacillus, resistant to many disinfectants. 
D)  The microbe is quickly destroyed by the immune response.

Question 14

What is caused by frequent inhalation of irritating particles such as silica?

Accepted Answer

A)  Fibrosis and loss of compliance 
B)  Frequent bronchospasm 
C)  Increased number of mucus-producing glands 
D)  Distorted shape of the thorax 
A)  Fibrosis and loss of compliance 
B)  Frequent bronchospasm 
C)  Increased number of mucus-producing glands 
D)  Distorted shape of the thorax

Question 15

Which statement does NOT apply to emphysema?

Accepted Answer

A)  The surface area available for gas exchange is greatly reduced. 
B)  A genetic defect may lead to breakdown of elastic fibers. 
C)  The ventilation/perfusion ratio remains constant. 
D)  Expiration is impaired. 
A)  The surface area available for gas exchange is greatly reduced. 
B)  A genetic defect may lead to breakdown of elastic fibers. 
C)  The ventilation/perfusion ratio remains constant. 
D)  Expiration is impaired.

Question 16

Which of the following would result from hyperventilation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Respiratory acidosis 
B)  Respiratory alkalosis 
C)  Metabolic alkalosis 
D)  Metabolic acidosis 
A)  Respiratory acidosis 
B)  Respiratory alkalosis 
C)  Metabolic alkalosis 
D)  Metabolic acidosis

Question 17

What are typical signs and symptoms of epiglottitis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hyperinflation of the chest and stridor 
B)  Hoarse voice and barking cough 
C)  Sudden fever, sore throat, and drooling saliva 
D)  Sneezing, mild cough, and fever 
A)  Hyperinflation of the chest and stridor 
B)  Hoarse voice and barking cough 
C)  Sudden fever, sore throat, and drooling saliva 
D)  Sneezing, mild cough, and fever

Question 18

Which of the following is typical of progressive emphysema?

Accepted Answer

A)  Vital capacity increases. 
B)  Residual lung volume increases. 
C)  Forced expiratory volume increases. 
D)  Tidal volume increases. 
A)  Vital capacity increases. 
B)  Residual lung volume increases. 
C)  Forced expiratory volume increases. 
D)  Tidal volume increases.

Question 19

Approximately what percentage of bound oxygen is released to the cells for metabolism during an erythrocyte's journey through the circulatory system?

Accepted Answer

A)  80% 
B)  25% 
C)  10% 
D)  50% 
A)  80% 
B)  25% 
C)  10% 
D)  50%

Question 20

Which of the following drugs in an inhaler would likely be carried by individuals to provide immediate control of acute asthma attacks?

Accepted Answer

A)  A glucocorticoid 
B)  Epinephrine 
C)  Cromolyn 
D)  A $\beta$2-adrenergic agent 
A)  A glucocorticoid 
B)  Epinephrine 
C)  Cromolyn 
D)  A $\beta$2-adrenergic agent

Exam 13: Respiratory System Disorders

Which of the following is an effect of a large open pneumothorax (sucking wound)?

Choose the correct reason for severe hypoxia occurring with pulmonary edema:

Mediastinal flutter associated with chest injury is likely to:

What is a common indicator of cystic fibrosis in the newborn?

What cause the expanded anteroposterior (A-P) thoracic diameter (barrel chest) in patients with emphysema?

Which of the following confirms the presence of active (reinfection) tuberculosis?

Which of the following are significant signs of bronchiectasis?

Cystic fibrosis is transmitted as a/an:

What is a sign indicating total obstruction of the airway by aspirated material?

The respiratory mucosa is continuous through the: 1) upper and lower respiratory tracts. 2) nasal cavities and the sinuses. 3) nasopharynx and oropharynx. 4) middle ear cavity and auditory tube.

Whenever PO2 levels decrease below normal, PCO2 levels:

How does a large pleural effusion lead to atelectasis?

Select the statement related to tuberculosis:

What is caused by frequent inhalation of irritating particles such as silica?

Which statement does NOT apply to emphysema?

Which of the following would result from hyperventilation?

What are typical signs and symptoms of epiglottitis?

Which of the following is typical of progressive emphysema?

Approximately what percentage of bound oxygen is released to the cells for metabolism during an erythrocyte's journey through the circulatory system?

Which of the following drugs in an inhaler would likely be carried by individuals to provide immediate control of acute asthma attacks?

Introduction to Pathophysiology

Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Imbalances

Introduction to Basic Pharmacology and Other Common Therapies

Pain

Inflammation and Healing

Infection

Immunity

Skin Disorders

Musculoskeletal Disorders

Blood and Circulatory System Disorders

Lymphatic System Disorders

Cardiovascular System Disorders

Neurological Disorders

Disorders of the Eye, Ear, and Other Sensory Organs

Endocrine System Disorders

Digestive System Disorders

Urinary System Disorders

Reproductive System Disorders

Neoplasms and Cancer

Congenital and Genetic Disorders

Complications Due to Pregnancy

Complications Due to Adolescence

Complications Due to Aging

Immobility and Associated Problems

Stress and Associated Problems

Substance Abuse and Associated Problems

Environmental Hazards and Associated Problems

Filters

Whenever PO₂ levels decrease below normal, PCO₂ levels: