Question 1

How does the heart rate change as intracranial pressure increases?

Accepted Answer

A)  Rate decreases 
B)  Rate increases 
C)  No change in rate 
D)  Irregular heart rate 
A)  Rate decreases 
B)  Rate increases 
C)  No change in rate 
D)  Irregular heart rate

Question 2

Typical signs of a TIA include:

Accepted Answer

A)  rapidly increasing intracranial pressure. 
B)  loss of consciousness. 
C)  transient muscle weakness in a hand or leg. 
D)  headache, photophobia, and nuchal rigidity. 
A)  rapidly increasing intracranial pressure. 
B)  loss of consciousness. 
C)  transient muscle weakness in a hand or leg. 
D)  headache, photophobia, and nuchal rigidity.

Question 3

Which of the following conditions is marked by focal signs?

Accepted Answer

A)  Meningitis 
B)  Brain abscess 
C)  Encephalitis 
D)  Intracerebral hemorrhage 
A)  Meningitis 
B)  Brain abscess 
C)  Encephalitis 
D)  Intracerebral hemorrhage

Question 4

Which of the following are common early manifestations of Parkinson's disease?

Accepted Answer

A)  Tremors at rest in the hands and repetitive motion of the hands 
B)  Extreme weakness in the legs and spastic movements in the arms 
C)  Visual deficits and speech impairment 
D)  Loss of facial expressions and altered posture and gait 
A)  Tremors at rest in the hands and repetitive motion of the hands 
B)  Extreme weakness in the legs and spastic movements in the arms 
C)  Visual deficits and speech impairment 
D)  Loss of facial expressions and altered posture and gait

Question 5

Which of the following factors predispose(s) an individual to a CVA?
1) Hypertension
2) Smoking cigarettes
3) History of coronary artery disease
4) Diabetes mellitus

Accepted Answer

A) 1, 3 
B) 1, 2, 4 
C) 2, 4 
D) 1, 2, 3, 4 
A) 1, 3 
B) 1, 2, 4 
C) 2, 4 
D) 1, 2, 3, 4

Question 6

Which statement best describes herniation resulting from increased intracranial pressure?

Accepted Answer

A)  Movement of brain tissue into ventricles 
B)  Movement of brain stem upward 
C)  Pushing of excess CSF and blood down around the spinal cord 
D)  Displacement of brain tissue downward toward the spinal cord 
A)  Movement of brain tissue into ventricles 
B)  Movement of brain stem upward 
C)  Pushing of excess CSF and blood down around the spinal cord 
D)  Displacement of brain tissue downward toward the spinal cord

Question 7

How does a depressed skull fracture cause brain damage?

Accepted Answer

A)  A bone fragment penetrates and tears brain tissue. 
B)  A section of the skull is missing, leaving the brain unprotected. 
C)  A section of skull bone is displaced below the level of the skull, causing pressure on the brain. 
D)  Many fracture lines are present, causing instability. 
E)  The contrecoup injury is the cause of brain damage. 
A)  A bone fragment penetrates and tears brain tissue. 
B)  A section of the skull is missing, leaving the brain unprotected. 
C)  A section of skull bone is displaced below the level of the skull, causing pressure on the brain. 
D)  Many fracture lines are present, causing instability. 
E)  The contrecoup injury is the cause of brain damage.

Question 8

Which of the following are typical early signs of Alzheimer's disease?
1) Behavioral changes
2) Reduced ability to reason and problem solve
3) Decreased verbal responses
4) Urinary incontinence

Accepted Answer

A) 1, 2 
B) 1, 4 
C) 2, 3 
D) 1, 3, 4 
A) 1, 2 
B) 1, 4 
C) 2, 3 
D) 1, 3, 4

Question 9

Communicating hydrocephalus causes increased intracranial pressure because of:

Accepted Answer

A)  atresia at the foramen magnum. 
B)  failure of the subarachnoid to absorb CSF. 
C)  obstruction in the lumbar area of the spinal cord. 
D)  scar tissue from encephalitis blocking flow of CSF. 
A)  atresia at the foramen magnum. 
B)  failure of the subarachnoid to absorb CSF. 
C)  obstruction in the lumbar area of the spinal cord. 
D)  scar tissue from encephalitis blocking flow of CSF.

Question 10

Which of the following statements is TRUE about malignant brain tumors?

Accepted Answer

A)  Most brain tumors arise from malignant neurons. 
B)  Primary brain tumors rarely metastasize outside the CNS. 
C)  The blood-brain barrier prevents secondary brain tumors. 
D)  Brainstem tumors do not manifest signs until they are quite large. 
A)  Most brain tumors arise from malignant neurons. 
B)  Primary brain tumors rarely metastasize outside the CNS. 
C)  The blood-brain barrier prevents secondary brain tumors. 
D)  Brainstem tumors do not manifest signs until they are quite large.

Question 11

All of the following apply to tetanus infection EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  it is caused by an anaerobic, spore-forming bacillus. 
B)  the exotoxin causes strong skeletal muscle spasms. 
C)  death usually results from respiratory failure. 
D)  signs of fever, vomiting, stiff neck, and paralysis. 
A)  it is caused by an anaerobic, spore-forming bacillus. 
B)  the exotoxin causes strong skeletal muscle spasms. 
C)  death usually results from respiratory failure. 
D)  signs of fever, vomiting, stiff neck, and paralysis.

Question 12

How would a seizure consisting of bizarre or inappropriate activity be classified?

Accepted Answer

A)  Absence seizure 
B)  Psychomotor seizure 
C)  Focal seizure 
D)  Jacksonian seizure 
A)  Absence seizure 
B)  Psychomotor seizure 
C)  Focal seizure 
D)  Jacksonian seizure

Question 13

Which of the following does NOT apply to Reye's syndrome?

Accepted Answer

A)  There is no permanent damage in the body. 
B)  It is precipitated by a combination of viral infection and administration of acetylsalicylic acid (AS
A) . 
C)  Cerebral edema develops. 
D)  Liver damage is common. 
A)  There is no permanent damage in the body. 
B)  It is precipitated by a combination of viral infection and administration of acetylsalicylic acid (AS
A) . 
C)  Cerebral edema develops. 
D)  Liver damage is common.

Question 14

Which type of cerebrovascular accident (CVA) has the poorest prognosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  CVA caused by thrombus 
B)  Hemorrhagic CVA 
C)  Embolic CVA 
D)  No difference among types 
A)  CVA caused by thrombus 
B)  Hemorrhagic CVA 
C)  Embolic CVA 
D)  No difference among types

Question 15

What is an early indicator of increased intracranial pressure?

Accepted Answer

A)  Papilledema 
B)  Bilateral fixed dilated pupils 
C)  Decreasing responsiveness 
D)  Rapid heart rate 
A)  Papilledema 
B)  Bilateral fixed dilated pupils 
C)  Decreasing responsiveness 
D)  Rapid heart rate

Question 16

Expressive aphasia is most likely to result from damage to:

Accepted Answer

A)  the left frontal lobe. 
B)  the left temporal lobe. 
C)  the right motor cortex. 
D)  Wernicke's area. 
A)  the left frontal lobe. 
B)  the left temporal lobe. 
C)  the right motor cortex. 
D)  Wernicke's area.

Question 17

The stroke scale used to rapidly diagnose a stroke includes:

Accepted Answer

A)  capacity for speech, level of consciousness, motor skills, eye movements. 
B)  motor skills, spatial awareness, time awareness, facial recognition. 
C)  short-term memory, cognitive skills, speech, name recognition. 
D)  hand-eye coordination, problem solving, ability to stand or walk, consciousness. 
A)  capacity for speech, level of consciousness, motor skills, eye movements. 
B)  motor skills, spatial awareness, time awareness, facial recognition. 
C)  short-term memory, cognitive skills, speech, name recognition. 
D)  hand-eye coordination, problem solving, ability to stand or walk, consciousness.

Question 18

Which of the following applies to cerebral palsy?

Accepted Answer

A)  Nonprogressive brain damage to the fetus or neonate 
B)  A genetic defect affecting metabolism and causing degeneration in the neurons 
C)  A developmental error during early growth of the peripheral nervous system 
D)  A chromosomal defect resulting in abnormalities in many body structures 
A)  Nonprogressive brain damage to the fetus or neonate 
B)  A genetic defect affecting metabolism and causing degeneration in the neurons 
C)  A developmental error during early growth of the peripheral nervous system 
D)  A chromosomal defect resulting in abnormalities in many body structures

Question 19

Which statement is TRUE about tetanus infection?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is caused by a virus. 
B)  Infection usually develops in deep puncture wounds. 
C)  It causes flaccid skeletal muscles, impairing mobility. 
D)  It affects peripheral nerves initially in the legs and feet. 
A)  It is caused by a virus. 
B)  Infection usually develops in deep puncture wounds. 
C)  It causes flaccid skeletal muscles, impairing mobility. 
D)  It affects peripheral nerves initially in the legs and feet.

Question 20

What is the effect of an enlarging brain abscess on cardiovascular activity?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increased heart rate and systemic vasodilation 
B)  Low blood pressure and irregular heart and respiratory rates 
C)  Systemic vasoconstriction and slower heart rate 
D)  Immediate depression of the cardiac control centers 
A)  Increased heart rate and systemic vasodilation 
B)  Low blood pressure and irregular heart and respiratory rates 
C)  Systemic vasoconstriction and slower heart rate 
D)  Immediate depression of the cardiac control centers

Exam 14: Neurological Disorders

How does the heart rate change as intracranial pressure increases?

Typical signs of a TIA include:

Which of the following conditions is marked by focal signs?

Which of the following are common early manifestations of Parkinson's disease?

Which of the following factors predispose(s) an individual to a CVA? 1) Hypertension 2) Smoking cigarettes 3) History of coronary artery disease 4) Diabetes mellitus

Which statement best describes herniation resulting from increased intracranial pressure?

How does a depressed skull fracture cause brain damage?

Which of the following are typical early signs of Alzheimer's disease? 1) Behavioral changes 2) Reduced ability to reason and problem solve 3) Decreased verbal responses 4) Urinary incontinence

Communicating hydrocephalus causes increased intracranial pressure because of:

Which of the following statements is TRUE about malignant brain tumors?

All of the following apply to tetanus infection EXCEPT:

How would a seizure consisting of bizarre or inappropriate activity be classified?

Which of the following does NOT apply to Reye's syndrome?

Which type of cerebrovascular accident (CVA) has the poorest prognosis?

What is an early indicator of increased intracranial pressure?

Expressive aphasia is most likely to result from damage to:

The stroke scale used to rapidly diagnose a stroke includes:

Which of the following applies to cerebral palsy?

Which statement is TRUE about tetanus infection?

What is the effect of an enlarging brain abscess on cardiovascular activity?

Introduction to Pathophysiology

Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Imbalances

Introduction to Basic Pharmacology and Other Common Therapies

Pain

Inflammation and Healing

Infection

Immunity

Skin Disorders

Musculoskeletal Disorders

Blood and Circulatory System Disorders

Lymphatic System Disorders

Cardiovascular System Disorders

Respiratory System Disorders

Disorders of the Eye, Ear, and Other Sensory Organs

Endocrine System Disorders

Digestive System Disorders

Urinary System Disorders

Reproductive System Disorders

Neoplasms and Cancer

Congenital and Genetic Disorders

Complications Due to Pregnancy

Complications Due to Adolescence

Complications Due to Aging

Immobility and Associated Problems

Stress and Associated Problems

Substance Abuse and Associated Problems

Environmental Hazards and Associated Problems

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