Question 1

What usually initiates acute appendicitis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Infection in the appendix 
B)  An episode of severe diarrhea 
C)  Obstruction of the lumen of the appendix 
D)  Eating a low-fiber diet 
A)  Infection in the appendix 
B)  An episode of severe diarrhea 
C)  Obstruction of the lumen of the appendix 
D)  Eating a low-fiber diet

Question 2

Which of the following is the most frequent location of peptic ulcers?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lower esophagus 
B)  Antrum of the stomach 
C)  Proximal duodenum 
D)  Distal duodenum 
A)  Lower esophagus 
B)  Antrum of the stomach 
C)  Proximal duodenum 
D)  Distal duodenum

Question 3

Which term refers to an inflammation usually related to infection of the bile ducts?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cholelithiasis 
B)  Cholecystitis 
C)  Cholangitis 
D)  Choledocholithiasis 
A)  Cholelithiasis 
B)  Cholecystitis 
C)  Cholangitis 
D)  Choledocholithiasis

Question 4

Which of the following is the primary site for absorption of nutrients?

Accepted Answer

A)  Stomach 
B)  Duodenum 
C)  Ileum 
D)  Ascending colon 
A)  Stomach 
B)  Duodenum 
C)  Ileum 
D)  Ascending colon

Question 5

Which of the following best describes steatorrhea?

Accepted Answer

A)  A light gray-colored stool 
B)  A tarry black stool 
C)  Bulky, fatty, foul-smelling stools 
D)  Watery stools with mucus and blood 
A)  A light gray-colored stool 
B)  A tarry black stool 
C)  Bulky, fatty, foul-smelling stools 
D)  Watery stools with mucus and blood

Question 6

In which structure is oxygenated blood (arterial) mixed with unoxygenated blood (venous) so as to support the functions of the structure?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pancreas 
B)  Liver 
C)  Small intestine 
D)  Spleen 
A)  Pancreas 
B)  Liver 
C)  Small intestine 
D)  Spleen

Question 7

Which factor(s) appear(s) to have a role in the etiology of inflammatory bowel diseases?

Accepted Answer

A)  Dietary factors 
B)  Environmental toxins 
C)  Genetic and immunological factors 
D)  Chronic alcoholism 
A)  Dietary factors 
B)  Environmental toxins 
C)  Genetic and immunological factors 
D)  Chronic alcoholism

Question 8

Identify a major reason making it difficult to prevent the spread of hepatitis B.

Accepted Answer

A)  A vaccine is not available. 
B)  The incubation period is too short to track contacts. 
C)  Infection is often asymptomatic. 
D)  Antibodies are not produced. 
A)  A vaccine is not available. 
B)  The incubation period is too short to track contacts. 
C)  Infection is often asymptomatic. 
D)  Antibodies are not produced.

Question 9

The visceral peritoneum:

Accepted Answer

A)  lines the abdominal wall. 
B)  hangs from the stomach over the loops of small intestine. 
C)  contains many pain receptors. 
D)  forms the outer covering of the stomach. 
A)  lines the abdominal wall. 
B)  hangs from the stomach over the loops of small intestine. 
C)  contains many pain receptors. 
D)  forms the outer covering of the stomach.

Question 10

What pain is typical of diverticulitis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lower left quadrant 
B)  Lower right quadrant 
C)  Sharp, colicky, periumbilical 
D)  Lower abdominal pain, radiating into the groin 
A)  Lower left quadrant 
B)  Lower right quadrant 
C)  Sharp, colicky, periumbilical 
D)  Lower abdominal pain, radiating into the groin

Question 11

Which of the following stimulates increased peristalsis and secretions in the digestive tract?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sympathetic nervous system 
B)  Vagus nerve 
C)  Increased saliva 
D)  Absence of food in the system 
A)  Sympathetic nervous system 
B)  Vagus nerve 
C)  Increased saliva 
D)  Absence of food in the system

Question 12

What is the primary cause of increased bleeding tendencies associated with cirrhosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Anemia and leucopenia 
B)  Jaundice and pruritus 
C)  Recurrent infections 
D)  Deficit of vitamin K and prothrombin 
A)  Anemia and leucopenia 
B)  Jaundice and pruritus 
C)  Recurrent infections 
D)  Deficit of vitamin K and prothrombin

Question 13

An individual with peptic ulcer disease exhibits hematemesis. What does this probably indicate?

Accepted Answer

A)  Perforation 
B)  Obstruction 
C)  Erosion of a large blood vessel 
D)  Development of malignancy 
A)  Perforation 
B)  Obstruction 
C)  Erosion of a large blood vessel 
D)  Development of malignancy

Question 14

When highly acidic chyme enters the duodenum, which hormone stimulates the release of pancreatic secretions that contains very high bicarbonate ion content?

Accepted Answer

A)  Gastrin 
B)  Secretin 
C)  Cholecystokinin 
D)  Histamine 
A)  Gastrin 
B)  Secretin 
C)  Cholecystokinin 
D)  Histamine

Question 15

What is the initial pathological change in alcoholic liver disease?

Accepted Answer

A)  Formation of nodules with shrinkage of the liver 
B)  Inflammation with necrosis 
C)  Development of fibrous bands of tissue 
D)  Accumulation of fat in hepatocytes with hepatomegaly 
A)  Formation of nodules with shrinkage of the liver 
B)  Inflammation with necrosis 
C)  Development of fibrous bands of tissue 
D)  Accumulation of fat in hepatocytes with hepatomegaly

Question 16

Which of the following applies to the act of swallowing?

Accepted Answer

A)  It requires coordination of cranial nerves V, IX, X, and XII. 
B)  It is entirely voluntary. 
C)  It is controlled by a center in the hypothalamus. 
D)  It does not affect respiration. 
A)  It requires coordination of cranial nerves V, IX, X, and XII. 
B)  It is entirely voluntary. 
C)  It is controlled by a center in the hypothalamus. 
D)  It does not affect respiration.

Question 17

Which factors contribute to ascites in patients with cirrhosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increased aldosterone and deficit of albumin 
B)  Severe anemia and increased serum bilirubin 
C)  Hypokalemia and increased serum ammonia 
D)  Hyperproteinemia and persistent hypotension 
A)  Increased aldosterone and deficit of albumin 
B)  Severe anemia and increased serum bilirubin 
C)  Hypokalemia and increased serum ammonia 
D)  Hyperproteinemia and persistent hypotension

Question 18

Oral candidiasis is considered to:

Accepted Answer

A)  be a common bacterial infection in infants and young children. 
B)  cause painful ulcerations in the mucosa and tongue. 
C)  cause white patches in the mucosa that cannot be scraped off. 
D)  be an opportunistic fungal infection of the mouth. 
A)  be a common bacterial infection in infants and young children. 
B)  cause painful ulcerations in the mucosa and tongue. 
C)  cause white patches in the mucosa that cannot be scraped off. 
D)  be an opportunistic fungal infection of the mouth.

Question 19

What does congenital pyloric stenosis involve?

Accepted Answer

A)  Absence of peristalsis in the lower section of the stomach 
B)  Failure of an opening to develop between the stomach and duodenum 
C)  Hypertrophy of smooth muscle in the pylorus 
D)  Thickening of the gastric wall due to chronic inflammation 
A)  Absence of peristalsis in the lower section of the stomach 
B)  Failure of an opening to develop between the stomach and duodenum 
C)  Hypertrophy of smooth muscle in the pylorus 
D)  Thickening of the gastric wall due to chronic inflammation

Question 20

What is the primary cause of esophageal varices?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increased hydrostatic pressure in the veins 
B)  Alcohol irritating the mucosa 
C)  Failure to inactivate estrogen 
D)  Poor nutritional status 
A)  Increased hydrostatic pressure in the veins 
B)  Alcohol irritating the mucosa 
C)  Failure to inactivate estrogen 
D)  Poor nutritional status

Exam 17: Digestive System Disorders

What usually initiates acute appendicitis?

Which of the following is the most frequent location of peptic ulcers?

Which term refers to an inflammation usually related to infection of the bile ducts?

Which of the following is the primary site for absorption of nutrients?

Which of the following best describes steatorrhea?

In which structure is oxygenated blood (arterial) mixed with unoxygenated blood (venous) so as to support the functions of the structure?

Which factor(s) appear(s) to have a role in the etiology of inflammatory bowel diseases?

Identify a major reason making it difficult to prevent the spread of hepatitis B.

The visceral peritoneum:

What pain is typical of diverticulitis?

Which of the following stimulates increased peristalsis and secretions in the digestive tract?

What is the primary cause of increased bleeding tendencies associated with cirrhosis?

An individual with peptic ulcer disease exhibits hematemesis. What does this probably indicate?

When highly acidic chyme enters the duodenum, which hormone stimulates the release of pancreatic secretions that contains very high bicarbonate ion content?

What is the initial pathological change in alcoholic liver disease?

Which of the following applies to the act of swallowing?

Which factors contribute to ascites in patients with cirrhosis?

Oral candidiasis is considered to:

What does congenital pyloric stenosis involve?

What is the primary cause of esophageal varices?

Introduction to Pathophysiology

Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Imbalances

Introduction to Basic Pharmacology and Other Common Therapies

Pain

Inflammation and Healing

Infection

Immunity

Skin Disorders

Musculoskeletal Disorders

Blood and Circulatory System Disorders

Lymphatic System Disorders

Cardiovascular System Disorders

Respiratory System Disorders

Neurological Disorders

Disorders of the Eye, Ear, and Other Sensory Organs

Endocrine System Disorders

Urinary System Disorders

Reproductive System Disorders

Neoplasms and Cancer

Congenital and Genetic Disorders

Complications Due to Pregnancy

Complications Due to Adolescence

Complications Due to Aging

Immobility and Associated Problems

Stress and Associated Problems

Substance Abuse and Associated Problems

Environmental Hazards and Associated Problems

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