Question 1

The early stage of vomiting causes:

Accepted Answer

A)  metabolic alkalosis. 
B)  metabolic acidosis. 
C)  increased respirations. 
D)  increased excretion of hydrogen ions. 
A)  metabolic alkalosis. 
B)  metabolic acidosis. 
C)  increased respirations. 
D)  increased excretion of hydrogen ions.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT usually present during the icteric stage of viral hepatitis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hepatomegaly 
B)  Elevated serum liver enzymes 
C)  Esophageal varices 
D)  Lighter-colored stools 
A)  Hepatomegaly 
B)  Elevated serum liver enzymes 
C)  Esophageal varices 
D)  Lighter-colored stools

Question 3

In peptic ulcer disease, which of the following does NOT decrease the resistance of the mucosal barrier?

Accepted Answer

A)  Prolonged vasoconstriction 
B)  Excessive glucocorticoid intake 
C)  Proteases and cytotoxins from H. pylori 
D)  Decreased vagal stimulation 
A)  Prolonged vasoconstriction 
B)  Excessive glucocorticoid intake 
C)  Proteases and cytotoxins from H. pylori 
D)  Decreased vagal stimulation

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a common predisposing factor to gastric carcinoma?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ingestion of smoked foods 
B)  Genetic factors 
C)  Ingestion of foods preserved with nitrates 
D)  Anti-inflammatory medications such as ASA 
A)  Ingestion of smoked foods 
B)  Genetic factors 
C)  Ingestion of foods preserved with nitrates 
D)  Anti-inflammatory medications such as ASA

Question 5

When dehydration reduces the compensation possible for acidosis resulting from prolonged diarrhea, what significant change in arterial blood gases indicates this?

Accepted Answer

A)  Serum pH would rise above 7.45. 
B)  Serum bicarbonate levels would increase, and serum pH would remain in normal range. 
C)  Serum bicarbonate levels would decrease, and serum pH would drop below 7.35. 
D)  Serum PCO2 would rise, and serum pH would be around 7.4. 
A)  Serum pH would rise above 7.45. 
B)  Serum bicarbonate levels would increase, and serum pH would remain in normal range. 
C)  Serum bicarbonate levels would decrease, and serum pH would drop below 7.35. 
D)  Serum PCO2 would rise, and serum pH would be around 7.4.

Question 6

When a portion of the proximal stomach and the paraesophageal junction move above the diaphragm, this is called a:

Accepted Answer

A)  dysphagia. 
B)  rolling hernia. 
C)  sliding hernia. 
D)  pyloric stenosis. 
A)  dysphagia. 
B)  rolling hernia. 
C)  sliding hernia. 
D)  pyloric stenosis.

Question 7

The telescoping of one section of bowel inside another section is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  volvulus. 
B)  hernia. 
C)  adhesion. 
D)  intussusceptions. 
A)  volvulus. 
B)  hernia. 
C)  adhesion. 
D)  intussusceptions.

Question 8

Which of the following statement(s) about jaundice is/are true?
1) It is often the first manifestation of hepatitis.
2) Jaundice indicates permanent liver damage.
3) Individuals with hepatitis are always jaundiced.
4) Jaundice usually develops with hepatocellular carcinoma.

Accepted Answer

A) 1 only 
B) 4 only 
C) 1, 3 
D) 2, 4 
A) 1 only 
B) 4 only 
C) 1, 3 
D) 2, 4

Question 9

Prolonged or severe stress predisposes to peptic ulcer disease because:

Accepted Answer

A)  of reduced blood flow to the gastric wall and mucous glands. 
B)  of reduced bicarbonate content in bile and pancreatic secretions. 
C)  stress increases the number of acid- and pepsinogen-secreting cells. 
D)  increased epinephrine increases motility. 
A)  of reduced blood flow to the gastric wall and mucous glands. 
B)  of reduced bicarbonate content in bile and pancreatic secretions. 
C)  stress increases the number of acid- and pepsinogen-secreting cells. 
D)  increased epinephrine increases motility.

Question 10

Which of the following is/are related to post-hepatic jaundice?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pruritic skin and light-colored stools 
B)  Dark-colored stools and urine 
C)  Increased serum levels of unconjugated bilirubin 
D)  Loss of all metabolic functions 
A)  Pruritic skin and light-colored stools 
B)  Dark-colored stools and urine 
C)  Increased serum levels of unconjugated bilirubin 
D)  Loss of all metabolic functions

Question 11

In patients with cirrhosis, serum ammonia may increase when:

Accepted Answer

A)  ingesting excessive lipids. 
B)  bleeding occurs in the digestive tract. 
C)  an increase in unconjugated bilirubin occurs in the serum. 
D)  less bile is produced. 
A)  ingesting excessive lipids. 
B)  bleeding occurs in the digestive tract. 
C)  an increase in unconjugated bilirubin occurs in the serum. 
D)  less bile is produced.

Question 12

Which of the following is a typical indicator of an intestinal obstruction caused by paralytic ileus?

Accepted Answer

A)  Excessive audible bowel sounds 
B)  Intermittent colicky pain 
C)  Severe steady abdominal pain 
D)  Visible peristalsis 
A)  Excessive audible bowel sounds 
B)  Intermittent colicky pain 
C)  Severe steady abdominal pain 
D)  Visible peristalsis

Question 13

Pancreatic cancer may be diagnosed early if obstruction of bile or pancreatic secretions develops when the tumor is located:

Accepted Answer

A)  at the head of the pancreas. 
B)  in the body of the pancreas. 
C)  in the tail of the pancreas. 
D)  in the endocrine glands of the pancreas. 
A)  at the head of the pancreas. 
B)  in the body of the pancreas. 
C)  in the tail of the pancreas. 
D)  in the endocrine glands of the pancreas.

Question 14

Which of the following applies to cleft palate?

Accepted Answer

A)  The mandibular processes do not fuse. 
B)  The hard and soft palates do not fuse during the first trimester of pregnancy. 
C)  Exposure to environmental factors in the last trimester causes the defect. 
D)  Speech and eating are not affected. 
A)  The mandibular processes do not fuse. 
B)  The hard and soft palates do not fuse during the first trimester of pregnancy. 
C)  Exposure to environmental factors in the last trimester causes the defect. 
D)  Speech and eating are not affected.

Question 15

Which of the following is contained in pancreatic exocrine secretions?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bicarbonate ion 
B)  Hydrochloric acid 
C)  Activated digestive enzymes 
D)  Insulin 
A)  Bicarbonate ion 
B)  Hydrochloric acid 
C)  Activated digestive enzymes 
D)  Insulin

Question 16

The pathophysiology of peptic ulcer disease may involve any of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  decreased resistance of the mucosal barrier. 
B)  increased stimulation of pepsin and acid secretions. 
C)  infection by H. pylori. 
D)  increased stimulation of mucus-producing glands. 
A)  decreased resistance of the mucosal barrier. 
B)  increased stimulation of pepsin and acid secretions. 
C)  infection by H. pylori. 
D)  increased stimulation of mucus-producing glands.

Question 17

Bilirubin is a product of:

Accepted Answer

A)  hemolysis of red blood cells (RBCs) and breakdown of hemoglobin. 
B)  production of excess chyme and bile. 
C)  mixing of undigested food and gastric secretions. 
D)  accumulation of white blood cells (WBCs) due to infection. 
A)  hemolysis of red blood cells (RBCs) and breakdown of hemoglobin. 
B)  production of excess chyme and bile. 
C)  mixing of undigested food and gastric secretions. 
D)  accumulation of white blood cells (WBCs) due to infection.

Question 18

During the course of a hepatitis B infection, the onset of jaundice occurs in the:

Accepted Answer

A)  incubation period. 
B)  preicteric stage. 
C)  icteric stage. 
D)  posticteric stage. 
A)  incubation period. 
B)  preicteric stage. 
C)  icteric stage. 
D)  posticteric stage.

Question 19

What causes the characteristic rigid abdomen found in the patient with peritonitis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increased fluid and gas, causing abdominal distention 
B)  Inflammation of the peritoneum and organs, causing a firm mass in the abdomen 
C)  Inflamed peritoneum, resulting in reflex abdominal muscle spasm 
D)  Voluntary contraction of the abdominal muscles as a protective mechanism 
A)  Increased fluid and gas, causing abdominal distention 
B)  Inflammation of the peritoneum and organs, causing a firm mass in the abdomen 
C)  Inflamed peritoneum, resulting in reflex abdominal muscle spasm 
D)  Voluntary contraction of the abdominal muscles as a protective mechanism

Question 20

With acute appendicitis, localized pain and tenderness in the lower right quadrant results from:

Accepted Answer

A)  increased peristalsis in the adjacent colon. 
B)  inflammation and stretching of the appendiceal wall. 
C)  increased gas and fluid inside the appendix. 
D)  local inflammation of the parietal peritoneum. 
A)  increased peristalsis in the adjacent colon. 
B)  inflammation and stretching of the appendiceal wall. 
C)  increased gas and fluid inside the appendix. 
D)  local inflammation of the parietal peritoneum.

Exam 17: Digestive System Disorders

The early stage of vomiting causes:

Which of the following is NOT usually present during the icteric stage of viral hepatitis?

In peptic ulcer disease, which of the following does NOT decrease the resistance of the mucosal barrier?

Which of the following is NOT a common predisposing factor to gastric carcinoma?

When dehydration reduces the compensation possible for acidosis resulting from prolonged diarrhea, what significant change in arterial blood gases indicates this?

When a portion of the proximal stomach and the paraesophageal junction move above the diaphragm, this is called a:

The telescoping of one section of bowel inside another section is called:

Which of the following statement(s) about jaundice is/are true? 1) It is often the first manifestation of hepatitis. 2) Jaundice indicates permanent liver damage. 3) Individuals with hepatitis are always jaundiced. 4) Jaundice usually develops with hepatocellular carcinoma.

Prolonged or severe stress predisposes to peptic ulcer disease because:

Which of the following is/are related to post-hepatic jaundice?

In patients with cirrhosis, serum ammonia may increase when:

Which of the following is a typical indicator of an intestinal obstruction caused by paralytic ileus?

Pancreatic cancer may be diagnosed early if obstruction of bile or pancreatic secretions develops when the tumor is located:

Which of the following applies to cleft palate?

Which of the following is contained in pancreatic exocrine secretions?

The pathophysiology of peptic ulcer disease may involve any of the following EXCEPT:

Bilirubin is a product of:

During the course of a hepatitis B infection, the onset of jaundice occurs in the:

What causes the characteristic rigid abdomen found in the patient with peritonitis?

With acute appendicitis, localized pain and tenderness in the lower right quadrant results from:

Introduction to Pathophysiology

Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Imbalances

Introduction to Basic Pharmacology and Other Common Therapies

Pain

Inflammation and Healing

Infection

Immunity

Skin Disorders

Musculoskeletal Disorders

Blood and Circulatory System Disorders

Lymphatic System Disorders

Cardiovascular System Disorders

Respiratory System Disorders

Neurological Disorders

Disorders of the Eye, Ear, and Other Sensory Organs

Endocrine System Disorders

Urinary System Disorders

Reproductive System Disorders

Neoplasms and Cancer

Congenital and Genetic Disorders

Complications Due to Pregnancy

Complications Due to Adolescence

Complications Due to Aging

Immobility and Associated Problems

Stress and Associated Problems

Substance Abuse and Associated Problems

Environmental Hazards and Associated Problems

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