Question 1

What does congenital esophageal atresia cause?

Accepted Answer

A)  Direct passage of saliva and food from the mouth into the trachea 
B)  Repeated reflux of gastric secretions into the esophagus 
C)  No fluid or food entering the stomach 
D)  Gastric distention and cramps 
A)  Direct passage of saliva and food from the mouth into the trachea 
B)  Repeated reflux of gastric secretions into the esophagus 
C)  No fluid or food entering the stomach 
D)  Gastric distention and cramps

Question 2

"A gluten-free diet as required" for the client with celiac disease means avoiding:

Accepted Answer

A)  products containing lactose. 
B)  any trans-fat. 
C)  certain grains. 
D)  proteins containing certain amino acids. 
A)  products containing lactose. 
B)  any trans-fat. 
C)  certain grains. 
D)  proteins containing certain amino acids.

Question 3

What is a common cause of hiatal hernia?

Accepted Answer

A)  An abnormally long esophagus 
B)  Increased intra-abdominal pressure 
C)  Stenosis of the hiatus in the diaphragm 
D)  A small fundus in the stomach 
A)  An abnormally long esophagus 
B)  Increased intra-abdominal pressure 
C)  Stenosis of the hiatus in the diaphragm 
D)  A small fundus in the stomach

Question 4

What does the term melena mean?

Accepted Answer

A)  Blood in a dark-colored stool 
B)  Occult blood in the stool 
C)  Blood in the sputum 
D)  Blood in vomitus 
A)  Blood in a dark-colored stool 
B)  Occult blood in the stool 
C)  Blood in the sputum 
D)  Blood in vomitus

Question 5

Which type(s) of hepatitis increase(s) the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma?

Accepted Answer

A)  HBV 
B)  HCV 
C)  HBV and HCV 
D)  Neither HBV nor HCV 
A)  HBV 
B)  HCV 
C)  HBV and HCV 
D)  Neither HBV nor HCV

Question 6

How does localized peritonitis develop from acute appendicitis before rupture?

Accepted Answer

A)  The omentum walls off the inflamed area. 
B)  Intestinal bacteria escape through the necrotic appendiceal wall. 
C)  The obstructing object inside the appendix causes edema. 
D)  Bacteria escape into the circulating blood. 
A)  The omentum walls off the inflamed area. 
B)  Intestinal bacteria escape through the necrotic appendiceal wall. 
C)  The obstructing object inside the appendix causes edema. 
D)  Bacteria escape into the circulating blood.

Question 7

What causes massive inflammation and necrosis in acute pancreatitis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Formation of multiple thrombi and ischemia 
B)  Infection by intestinal microbes 
C)  Immune complex reaction 
D)  Autodigestion of tissue by pancreatic enzymes 
A)  Formation of multiple thrombi and ischemia 
B)  Infection by intestinal microbes 
C)  Immune complex reaction 
D)  Autodigestion of tissue by pancreatic enzymes

Question 8

Which of the following processes is likely to occur in the body immediately after a meal?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lipolysis 
B)  Ketogenesis 
C)  Gluconeogenesis 
D)  Glycogenesis 
A)  Lipolysis 
B)  Ketogenesis 
C)  Gluconeogenesis 
D)  Glycogenesis

Question 9

What is the cause of inflammatory bowel disease?

Accepted Answer

A)  Physical and emotional stress 
B)  An autoimmune reaction 
C)  A combination of recessive genes 
D)  Idiopathic 
A)  Physical and emotional stress 
B)  An autoimmune reaction 
C)  A combination of recessive genes 
D)  Idiopathic

Question 10

Bile pigment gallstones are more common in individuals dealing with:

Accepted Answer

A)  obesity. 
B)  high cholesterol levels. 
C)  alcoholic cirrhosis. 
D)  use of oral contraceptives. 
A)  obesity. 
B)  high cholesterol levels. 
C)  alcoholic cirrhosis. 
D)  use of oral contraceptives.

Question 11

What is a common sign of acute gastritis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Colicky right upper quadrant pain 
B)  Vomiting and anorexia 
C)  Projectile vomiting after eating 
D)  Diarrhea with abdominal distention 
A)  Colicky right upper quadrant pain 
B)  Vomiting and anorexia 
C)  Projectile vomiting after eating 
D)  Diarrhea with abdominal distention

Question 12

What is the definition of dysphagia?

Accepted Answer

A)  A herniation of the gastric mucosa through a segment of weakened muscle 
B)  Recurrent reflux of chyme into the esophagus 
C)  Absence of a connection of the esophagus to the stomach 
D)  Difficulty in swallowing 
A)  A herniation of the gastric mucosa through a segment of weakened muscle 
B)  Recurrent reflux of chyme into the esophagus 
C)  Absence of a connection of the esophagus to the stomach 
D)  Difficulty in swallowing

Question 13

What is frequently the first manifestation of stress ulcers?

Accepted Answer

A)  Abdominal discomfort between meals and at night 
B)  Nausea and diarrhea 
C)  Hematemesis 
D)  Sharp colicky pain with food intake 
A)  Abdominal discomfort between meals and at night 
B)  Nausea and diarrhea 
C)  Hematemesis 
D)  Sharp colicky pain with food intake

Question 14

What are the typical changes occurring with Crohn's disease?

Accepted Answer

A)  Degeneration and flattening of the villi in the small intestine 
B)  Multiple herniations of the mucosa through weak areas of the muscularis 
C)  A continuous area of mucosal inflammation and ulceration in the rectum and colon 
D)  Inflamed areas of the wall of the ileum alternating with thick fibrotic or normal areas 
A)  Degeneration and flattening of the villi in the small intestine 
B)  Multiple herniations of the mucosa through weak areas of the muscularis 
C)  A continuous area of mucosal inflammation and ulceration in the rectum and colon 
D)  Inflamed areas of the wall of the ileum alternating with thick fibrotic or normal areas

Question 15

Why does herpes simplex infection tend to recur?

Accepted Answer

A)  Active infection is usually asymptomatic. 
B)  The virus builds up a resistance. 
C)  The virus persists in latent form in sensory nerve ganglia. 
D)  The virus mutates; therefore, no effective immunity develops. 
A)  Active infection is usually asymptomatic. 
B)  The virus builds up a resistance. 
C)  The virus persists in latent form in sensory nerve ganglia. 
D)  The virus mutates; therefore, no effective immunity develops.

Question 16

What does the term gluconeogenesis refer to?

Accepted Answer

A)  Breakdown of glycogen to produce glucose 
B)  Conversion of excess glucose into glycogen for storage 
C)  Formation of glucose from protein and fat 
D)  Breakdown of glucose into carbon dioxide and water 
A)  Breakdown of glycogen to produce glucose 
B)  Conversion of excess glucose into glycogen for storage 
C)  Formation of glucose from protein and fat 
D)  Breakdown of glucose into carbon dioxide and water

Question 17

What is a typical early sign of cancer in the ascending colon?

Accepted Answer

A)  Change in shape of the stool 
B)  Incomplete emptying 
C)  Mild but persistent pain in the lower left quadrant 
D)  Occult blood in the stool 
A)  Change in shape of the stool 
B)  Incomplete emptying 
C)  Mild but persistent pain in the lower left quadrant 
D)  Occult blood in the stool

Question 18

How does serum bilirubin change with cirrhosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increased unconjugated bilirubin 
B)  Increased conjugated bilirubin 
C)  Increased conjugated and unconjugated bilirubin 
D)  Decreased conjugated and unconjugated bilirubin 
A)  Increased unconjugated bilirubin 
B)  Increased conjugated bilirubin 
C)  Increased conjugated and unconjugated bilirubin 
D)  Decreased conjugated and unconjugated bilirubin

Question 19

How may a fistula form with Crohn's disease?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lack of peristalsis, leading to dilated areas of intestine 
B)  Fibrosis and thickening of the wall, causing obstruction 
C)  Erosion of the mucosa, causing bleeding 
D)  Recurrent inflammation, necrosis, and fibrosis, forming a connection between intestinal loops 
A)  Lack of peristalsis, leading to dilated areas of intestine 
B)  Fibrosis and thickening of the wall, causing obstruction 
C)  Erosion of the mucosa, causing bleeding 
D)  Recurrent inflammation, necrosis, and fibrosis, forming a connection between intestinal loops

Question 20

How does chemical peritonitis and shock frequently result from acute pancreatitis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Inflammation and increased vascular permeability of the peritoneum affect fluid balance. 
B)  Erosion in the intestinal wall causes release of bacteria. 
C)  Fat necrosis and hypocalcemia develop. 
D)  Secretions from the pancreas and intestine become more acidic. 
A)  Inflammation and increased vascular permeability of the peritoneum affect fluid balance. 
B)  Erosion in the intestinal wall causes release of bacteria. 
C)  Fat necrosis and hypocalcemia develop. 
D)  Secretions from the pancreas and intestine become more acidic.

Exam 17: Digestive System Disorders

What does congenital esophageal atresia cause?

"A gluten-free diet as required" for the client with celiac disease means avoiding:

What is a common cause of hiatal hernia?

What does the term melena mean?

Which type(s) of hepatitis increase(s) the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma?

How does localized peritonitis develop from acute appendicitis before rupture?

What causes massive inflammation and necrosis in acute pancreatitis?

Which of the following processes is likely to occur in the body immediately after a meal?

What is the cause of inflammatory bowel disease?

Bile pigment gallstones are more common in individuals dealing with:

What is a common sign of acute gastritis?

What is the definition of dysphagia?

What is frequently the first manifestation of stress ulcers?

What are the typical changes occurring with Crohn's disease?

Why does herpes simplex infection tend to recur?

What does the term gluconeogenesis refer to?

What is a typical early sign of cancer in the ascending colon?

How does serum bilirubin change with cirrhosis?

How may a fistula form with Crohn's disease?

How does chemical peritonitis and shock frequently result from acute pancreatitis?

Introduction to Pathophysiology

Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Imbalances

Introduction to Basic Pharmacology and Other Common Therapies

Pain

Inflammation and Healing

Infection

Immunity

Skin Disorders

Musculoskeletal Disorders

Blood and Circulatory System Disorders

Lymphatic System Disorders

Cardiovascular System Disorders

Respiratory System Disorders

Neurological Disorders

Disorders of the Eye, Ear, and Other Sensory Organs

Endocrine System Disorders

Urinary System Disorders

Reproductive System Disorders

Neoplasms and Cancer

Congenital and Genetic Disorders

Complications Due to Pregnancy

Complications Due to Adolescence

Complications Due to Aging

Immobility and Associated Problems

Stress and Associated Problems

Substance Abuse and Associated Problems

Environmental Hazards and Associated Problems

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