Question 1

What does the term periodontitis refer to?

Accepted Answer

A)  Erosion of the enamel tooth surface 
B)  Bacterial damage to the teeth and surrounding alveolar bone 
C)  Inflammation and infection of the gingivae 
D)  Formation of calcified plaque on the tooth 
A)  Erosion of the enamel tooth surface 
B)  Bacterial damage to the teeth and surrounding alveolar bone 
C)  Inflammation and infection of the gingivae 
D)  Formation of calcified plaque on the tooth

Question 2

What causes hypovolemic shock to develop with intestinal obstruction?

Accepted Answer

A)  Continued vomiting and fluid shift into the intestine 
B)  Hemorrhage into the intestine 
C)  Rupture of the intestinal wall 
D)  Repeated bouts of severe diarrhea 
A)  Continued vomiting and fluid shift into the intestine 
B)  Hemorrhage into the intestine 
C)  Rupture of the intestinal wall 
D)  Repeated bouts of severe diarrhea

Question 3

Predisposing factors to cholelithiasis include excessive:

Accepted Answer

A)  bilirubin or cholesterol concentration in the bile. 
B)  water content in the bile. 
C)  bile salts in the bile. 
D)  bicarbonate ions in the bile. 
A)  bilirubin or cholesterol concentration in the bile. 
B)  water content in the bile. 
C)  bile salts in the bile. 
D)  bicarbonate ions in the bile.

Question 4

At what stage of alcoholic liver disease can the damage be reversed?

Accepted Answer

A)  It can never be reversed 
B)  Initial stage 
C)  Alcoholic hepatitis stage 
D)  End-stage cirrhosis 
A)  It can never be reversed 
B)  Initial stage 
C)  Alcoholic hepatitis stage 
D)  End-stage cirrhosis

Question 5

A congenital condition in which parasympathetic innervation is missing from a section of the colon, impairing motility is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A)  diverticulitis. 
B)  Crohn's disease. 
C)  irritable bowel syndrome. 
D)  Hirschsprung's disease. 
A)  diverticulitis. 
B)  Crohn's disease. 
C)  irritable bowel syndrome. 
D)  Hirschsprung's disease.

Question 6

How does a volvulus cause localized gangrene in the intestine?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hypotension and shock cause ischemia. 
B)  The mesenteric arteries are compressed in the twisted section of intestine. 
C)  A section of intestine herniates between the muscles of the abdominal wall. 
D)  The distention of the intestinal wall causes increased permeability of the tissue. 
A)  Hypotension and shock cause ischemia. 
B)  The mesenteric arteries are compressed in the twisted section of intestine. 
C)  A section of intestine herniates between the muscles of the abdominal wall. 
D)  The distention of the intestinal wall causes increased permeability of the tissue.

Question 7

What would be the likely outcome from chemical peritonitis related to a perforated gallbladder?

Accepted Answer

A)  Leakage of intestinal bacteria into blood and the peritoneal cavity 
B)  Massive hemorrhage and shock 
C)  Breakdown of the gallstones 
D)  Increasing peristalsis with intermittent painful spasms 
A)  Leakage of intestinal bacteria into blood and the peritoneal cavity 
B)  Massive hemorrhage and shock 
C)  Breakdown of the gallstones 
D)  Increasing peristalsis with intermittent painful spasms

Question 8

What does the defecation reflex require?

Accepted Answer

A)  Stimulation by the sympathetic nervous system 
B)  Contraction of the internal anal sphincter 
C)  Coordination through the sacral spinal cord 
D)  Voluntary relaxation of pelvic muscles 
A)  Stimulation by the sympathetic nervous system 
B)  Contraction of the internal anal sphincter 
C)  Coordination through the sacral spinal cord 
D)  Voluntary relaxation of pelvic muscles

Question 9

What is the dietary requirement for a child with celiac disease?

Accepted Answer

A)  Low sodium, high fat 
B)  High carbohydrate, low protein 
C)  High calorie with vitamin supplements 
D)  Gluten-free 
A)  Low sodium, high fat 
B)  High carbohydrate, low protein 
C)  High calorie with vitamin supplements 
D)  Gluten-free

Question 10

What is the major effect when a gallstone obstructs the cystic duct?

Accepted Answer

A)  Intrahepatic jaundice 
B)  Acute pancreatitis 
C)  Severe colicky pain in upper right quadrant 
D)  Inflammation and infection in the gallbladder 
A)  Intrahepatic jaundice 
B)  Acute pancreatitis 
C)  Severe colicky pain in upper right quadrant 
D)  Inflammation and infection in the gallbladder

Question 11

Gastroesophageal reflux disease involves:

Accepted Answer

A)  periodic flow of gastric contents into the esophagus. 
B)  constant flow of intestinal and gastric contents into the esophagus. 
C)  spasmodic and violent vomiting of gastric contents. 
D)  violent spasming of the esophagus, causing choking. 
A)  periodic flow of gastric contents into the esophagus. 
B)  constant flow of intestinal and gastric contents into the esophagus. 
C)  spasmodic and violent vomiting of gastric contents. 
D)  violent spasming of the esophagus, causing choking.

Question 12

Which of the following is a major cause of primary hepatocellular cancer?

Accepted Answer

A)  Metastatic tumors 
B)  Acute hepatitis 
C)  Long-term exposure to certain chemicals 
D)  Chronic cholelithiasis 
A)  Metastatic tumors 
B)  Acute hepatitis 
C)  Long-term exposure to certain chemicals 
D)  Chronic cholelithiasis

Question 13

Obstruction of the biliary tract by gallstones is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A)  cholelithiasis. 
B)  cholecystitis. 
C)  cholangitis. 
D)  choledocholithiasis. 
A)  cholelithiasis. 
B)  cholecystitis. 
C)  cholangitis. 
D)  choledocholithiasis.

Question 14

What is a common cause of gastroenteritis due to Salmonella?

Accepted Answer

A)  Unrefrigerated custards or salad dressings 
B)  Poorly canned foods 
C)  Raw or undercooked poultry or eggs 
D)  Contaminated water 
A)  Unrefrigerated custards or salad dressings 
B)  Poorly canned foods 
C)  Raw or undercooked poultry or eggs 
D)  Contaminated water

Question 15

Although many factors may precipitate pancreatitis, the two major causes are:

Accepted Answer

A)  obesity and smoking. 
B)  high-fat diet and hypertension. 
C)  congenital defects and drug abuse. 
D)  gallstones and alcohol abuse. 
A)  obesity and smoking. 
B)  high-fat diet and hypertension. 
C)  congenital defects and drug abuse. 
D)  gallstones and alcohol abuse.

Question 16

Which of the following statements applies to bile salts?

Accepted Answer

A)  They give feces the characteristic brown color. 
B)  They are enzymes used to break down fats into free fatty acids. 
C)  They emulsify lipids and lipid-soluble vitamins. 
D)  They are excreted in the feces. 
A)  They give feces the characteristic brown color. 
B)  They are enzymes used to break down fats into free fatty acids. 
C)  They emulsify lipids and lipid-soluble vitamins. 
D)  They are excreted in the feces.

Question 17

Which of the following occurs with hepatitis B?

Accepted Answer

A)  The liver is inflamed and enlarged. 
B)  Blood clotting delays are apparent at onset. 
C)  Hepatocytes cannot regenerate when the virus is present. 
D)  Infection is self-limiting. 
A)  The liver is inflamed and enlarged. 
B)  Blood clotting delays are apparent at onset. 
C)  Hepatocytes cannot regenerate when the virus is present. 
D)  Infection is self-limiting.

Question 18

Small, hidden amounts of blood in stool are referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A)  melena. 
B)  occult blood. 
C)  frank blood. 
D)  hematemesis. 
A)  melena. 
B)  occult blood. 
C)  frank blood. 
D)  hematemesis.

Question 19

Dehydration limits compensation available for an acid-base imbalance resulting from prolonged vomiting and diarrhea because:

Accepted Answer

A)  hypovolemia limits renal function. 
B)  increased respirations cannot remove more H+. 
C)  increased ADH blocks secretion of H+. 
D)  more sodium and potassium ions are retained. 
A)  hypovolemia limits renal function. 
B)  increased respirations cannot remove more H+. 
C)  increased ADH blocks secretion of H+. 
D)  more sodium and potassium ions are retained.

Question 20

Normally, proteins or amino acids are required to produce all of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  peptide hormones. 
B)  clotting factors and antibodies. 
C)  cellular energy. 
D)  hemoglobin. 
A)  peptide hormones. 
B)  clotting factors and antibodies. 
C)  cellular energy. 
D)  hemoglobin.

Exam 17: Digestive System Disorders

What does the term periodontitis refer to?

What causes hypovolemic shock to develop with intestinal obstruction?

Predisposing factors to cholelithiasis include excessive:

At what stage of alcoholic liver disease can the damage be reversed?

A congenital condition in which parasympathetic innervation is missing from a section of the colon, impairing motility is referred to as:

How does a volvulus cause localized gangrene in the intestine?

What would be the likely outcome from chemical peritonitis related to a perforated gallbladder?

What does the defecation reflex require?

What is the dietary requirement for a child with celiac disease?

What is the major effect when a gallstone obstructs the cystic duct?

Gastroesophageal reflux disease involves:

Which of the following is a major cause of primary hepatocellular cancer?

Obstruction of the biliary tract by gallstones is referred to as:

What is a common cause of gastroenteritis due to Salmonella?

Although many factors may precipitate pancreatitis, the two major causes are:

Which of the following statements applies to bile salts?

Which of the following occurs with hepatitis B?

Small, hidden amounts of blood in stool are referred to as:

Dehydration limits compensation available for an acid-base imbalance resulting from prolonged vomiting and diarrhea because:

Normally, proteins or amino acids are required to produce all of the following EXCEPT:

Introduction to Pathophysiology

Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Imbalances

Introduction to Basic Pharmacology and Other Common Therapies

Pain

Inflammation and Healing

Infection

Immunity

Skin Disorders

Musculoskeletal Disorders

Blood and Circulatory System Disorders

Lymphatic System Disorders

Cardiovascular System Disorders

Respiratory System Disorders

Neurological Disorders

Disorders of the Eye, Ear, and Other Sensory Organs

Endocrine System Disorders

Urinary System Disorders

Reproductive System Disorders

Neoplasms and Cancer

Congenital and Genetic Disorders

Complications Due to Pregnancy

Complications Due to Adolescence

Complications Due to Aging

Immobility and Associated Problems

Stress and Associated Problems

Substance Abuse and Associated Problems

Environmental Hazards and Associated Problems

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