Question 1

According to the theory of planned behavior,one reason that a person's behavior might not be consistent with that person's attitudes is that the behavior

Accepted Answer

A) is determined by norms that are consistent with the person's attitudes. 
B) is one that the person feels is within his or her control. 
C) is determined by norms that are counter to the person's attitudes. 
D) occurs only when the person is self-aware. 
A) is determined by norms that are consistent with the person's attitudes. 
B) is one that the person feels is within his or her control. 
C) is determined by norms that are counter to the person's attitudes. 
D) occurs only when the person is self-aware.

Question 2

Elias believes that gun control is necessary.Which of the following would cause Elias to change his attitude the most?

Accepted Answer

A) He hears a speech against gun control,then gives a speech that takes a similar position. 
B) He anticipates giving a speech against gun control,and then gives the speech. 
C) He anticipates giving a speech for gun control,and then must give a speech against it. 
D) He gives a speech for gun control,followed by a speech against it. 
A) He hears a speech against gun control,then gives a speech that takes a similar position. 
B) He anticipates giving a speech against gun control,and then gives the speech. 
C) He anticipates giving a speech for gun control,and then must give a speech against it. 
D) He gives a speech for gun control,followed by a speech against it.

Question 3

A major difference between cognitive dissonance theory and self-perception theory involves the extent to which is necessary to lead to self-persuasion and attitude change.

Accepted Answer

A) normative social influence 
B) physiological arousal 
C) self-affirmation 
D) an implicit attitude 
A) normative social influence 
B) physiological arousal 
C) self-affirmation 
D) an implicit attitude

Question 4

The study by Strachan and others (2002)found that subliminal cues regarding thirst influenced how much Kool-Aid participants drank only when

Accepted Answer

A) the participants had previously been given water to drink. 
B) they were given something to eat as well. 
C) they were high in the need for cognition. 
D) the participants were thirsty and water had been withheld. 
A) the participants had previously been given water to drink. 
B) they were given something to eat as well. 
C) they were high in the need for cognition. 
D) the participants were thirsty and water had been withheld.

Question 5

After giving the matter a great deal______________of thought,Iris______________declared______________chemistry rather______________than physics______________as her major.Having made this decision,she went out and had a good time with her classmates,who reminded her what a great friend she was.At that point,Iris was able to look at her choice and see both its pros and cons without glamorizing it.Her behavior can best be explained by the concept of

Accepted Answer

A) self-perception. 
B) cognitive dissonance. 
C) impression management. 
D) self-affirmation. 
A) self-perception. 
B) cognitive dissonance. 
C) impression management. 
D) self-affirmation.

Question 6

Research by Aronson and Carl smith (1963)shows that severe punishment

Accepted Answer

A) is less likely than mild punishment to inspire cognitive dissonance. 
B) leads to attitude change only when a self-affirmation is possible. 
C) causes dissonance-induced physiological arousal to increase. 
D) changes behavior only when attitudes change as well. 
A) is less likely than mild punishment to inspire cognitive dissonance. 
B) leads to attitude change only when a self-affirmation is possible. 
C) causes dissonance-induced physiological arousal to increase. 
D) changes behavior only when attitudes change as well.

Question 7

Han and Shavout found that Korean participants would respond most favorably to which of the following advertisement slogans?

Accepted Answer

A) "Treat yourself to a breath-freshening experience." 
B) "A style of all her own." 
C) "Make your way through the crowd." 
D) "An exhilarating way to provide for your family." 
A) "Treat yourself to a breath-freshening experience." 
B) "A style of all her own." 
C) "Make your way through the crowd." 
D) "An exhilarating way to provide for your family."

Question 8

Dr.Flintstone,president of Quarry College,needs to convince students that the college must double its tuition beginning in five years.He is hiring someone to promote this idea,as well as developing supportive arguments.Would he need to adopt a different strategy if he instead wanted to implement the change in the next academic year?

Accepted Answer

A) No.He should do the same thing either way. 
B) Yes.If the change is to happen next year,the strength of the arguments will matter more than whom he hires to promote the idea. 
C) Yes.If the change is to happen next year,the person he hires will matter more than the strength of the arguments. 
D) Yes.If the change is to happen next year,obtaining a credible promoter and generating strong arguments will both be more crucial than if the change will happen in five years. 
A) No.He should do the same thing either way. 
B) Yes.If the change is to happen next year,the strength of the arguments will matter more than whom he hires to promote the idea. 
C) Yes.If the change is to happen next year,the person he hires will matter more than the strength of the arguments. 
D) Yes.If the change is to happen next year,obtaining a credible promoter and generating strong arguments will both be more crucial than if the change will happen in five years.

Question 9

Sleeper effects can be reduced by reminding people that the source of a persuasive message was not credible.This supports which explanation of sleeper effects?

Accepted Answer

A) the inoculation hypothesis 
B) the discounting cue hypothesis 
C) psychological reactance theory 
D) cognitive dissonance theory 
A) the inoculation hypothesis 
B) the discounting cue hypothesis 
C) psychological reactance theory 
D) cognitive dissonance theory

Question 10

Wilkin and others (2010)conducted a study where American and Japanese participants were asked about their favorite musical artists,TV shows,and restaurants,among other preferences.They found that

Accepted Answer

A) the Japanese participants reported liking their favorites for a shorter time than the Americans did. 
B) Americans were more impacted by the preferences of their friends than were the Japanese participants. 
C) Japanese participants reported more discomfort in identifying their favorites than did the Americans. 
D) Americans were more likely to report that they had a wide variety of favorites at one time,while Japanese participants selected only one or two favorites at a time. 
A) the Japanese participants reported liking their favorites for a shorter time than the Americans did. 
B) Americans were more impacted by the preferences of their friends than were the Japanese participants. 
C) Japanese participants reported more discomfort in identifying their favorites than did the Americans. 
D) Americans were more likely to report that they had a wide variety of favorites at one time,while Japanese participants selected only one or two favorites at a time.

Question 11

An attitude that is brought to mind quickly and easily is said to be

Accepted Answer

A) accessible. 
B) strong. 
C) weak. 
D) dissonant. 
A) accessible. 
B) strong. 
C) weak. 
D) dissonant.

Question 12

People high in need for cognition are

Accepted Answer

A) more likely to process a message along the central route. 
B) most persuaded by image-oriented appeals. 
C) more likely to agree with a message if they are in a good mood. 
D) more persuaded by the reputation and appearance of the source. 
A) more likely to process a message along the central route. 
B) most persuaded by image-oriented appeals. 
C) more likely to agree with a message if they are in a good mood. 
D) more persuaded by the reputation and appearance of the source.

Question 13

Harmon-Jones and others (1996)research in which participants drank Kool-Aid mixed with sugar versus vinegar showed that

Accepted Answer

A) negative consequences for lying are not essential to dissonance. 
B) negative consequences for lying are essential to dissonance. 
C) attribution of arousal is essential to dissonance. 
D) attribution of arousal is not essential to dissonance. 
A) negative consequences for lying are not essential to dissonance. 
B) negative consequences for lying are essential to dissonance. 
C) attribution of arousal is essential to dissonance. 
D) attribution of arousal is not essential to dissonance.

Question 14

Which of the following would not be considered an attitude?

Accepted Answer

A) Darnell likes to play chess. 
B) Daphne hates liver. 
C) Daisy strongly favors universal health insurance. 
D) Dalton drives a silver minivan. 
A) Darnell likes to play chess. 
B) Daphne hates liver. 
C) Daisy strongly favors universal health insurance. 
D) Dalton drives a silver minivan.

Question 15

Gloria has a negative attitude toward smoking,but she continues to smoke two packs of cigarettes a day.According to the theory of planned behavior,one reason that her attitude and behavior are inconsistent could be that

Accepted Answer

A) her attitude is based on feelings rather than beliefs. 
B) she doesn't believe that she can control her smoking behavior. 
C) her family and friends also have negative attitudes toward smoking. 
D) her attitudes are usually accessible when she reaches for a cigarette. 
A) her attitude is based on feelings rather than beliefs. 
B) she doesn't believe that she can control her smoking behavior. 
C) her family and friends also have negative attitudes toward smoking. 
D) her attitudes are usually accessible when she reaches for a cigarette.

Question 16

The central route to persuasion requires

Accepted Answer

A) intelligence and strong arguments. 
B) involvement and an expert source. 
C) ability and motivation. 
D) knowledge of the issue and a credible source. 
A) intelligence and strong arguments. 
B) involvement and an expert source. 
C) ability and motivation. 
D) knowledge of the issue and a credible source.

Question 17

Professor Shackleford is elated because she has just learned that her paper has been accepted for publication.When a student passes her in the hallway and tells her that he missed the latest exam in order to stay home with his depressed cat,her good mood renders her likely to

Accepted Answer

A) be even more skeptical than usual about such an unlikely excuse. 
B) be less skeptical than usual about the excuse. 
C) overlook the student's cognitive dissonance. 
D) fall victim to the sleeper effect. 
A) be even more skeptical than usual about such an unlikely excuse. 
B) be less skeptical than usual about the excuse. 
C) overlook the student's cognitive dissonance. 
D) fall victim to the sleeper effect.

Question 18

Which indicator is not used to distinguish weak attitudes from strong ones?

Accepted Answer

A) how much the attitudes affect one's self-interests 
B) the attitude's relationship to deeply held philosophical,political,and religious values 
C) the amount of perceived behavioral control 
D) how much the attitude impacted family,friends,and social inter groups 
A) how much the attitudes affect one's self-interests 
B) the attitude's relationship to deeply held philosophical,political,and religious values 
C) the amount of perceived behavioral control 
D) how much the attitude impacted family,friends,and social inter groups

Question 19

Which statement regarding LaPeer's (1934)study of attitudes is false?

Accepted Answer

A) Even though respondents who were asked self-report questions claimed that they would not be racially prejudiced,their behavior showed clear discrimination. 
B) The study examined racial attitudes at a time when prejudice was much more overt and blatant than it currently is. 
C) LaPeer was not a psychologist. 
D) Over 90 percent of the respondents claimed that they would not offer service to a Chinese patron. 
A) Even though respondents who were asked self-report questions claimed that they would not be racially prejudiced,their behavior showed clear discrimination. 
B) The study examined racial attitudes at a time when prejudice was much more overt and blatant than it currently is. 
C) LaPeer was not a psychologist. 
D) Over 90 percent of the respondents claimed that they would not offer service to a Chinese patron.

Question 20

Marla knows that eating donuts is bad for her,and yet every morning on her way to work she stops at the local donut store and gets three donuts with a cup of coffee.She tells herself,"I HAVE to get donuts or else I'm going to look______________ like a weirdo for only getting coffee at a donut store." Which technique is she using to reduce her own cognitive dissonance?

Accepted Answer

A) changing an attitude 
B) reduce perceived choice 
C) adding consonant cognitions 
D) minimizing the conflict's importance 
A) changing an attitude 
B) reduce perceived choice 
C) adding consonant cognitions 
D) minimizing the conflict's importance

According to the theory of planned behavior,one reason that a person's behavior might not be consistent with that person's attitudes is that the behavior

Elias believes that gun control is necessary.Which of the following would cause Elias to change his attitude the most?

A major difference between cognitive dissonance theory and self-perception theory involves the extent to which is necessary to lead to self-persuasion and attitude change.

The study by Strachan and others (2002)found that subliminal cues regarding thirst influenced how much Kool-Aid participants drank only when

Research by Aronson and Carl smith (1963)shows that severe punishment

Han and Shavout found that Korean participants would respond most favorably to which of the following advertisement slogans?

Sleeper effects can be reduced by reminding people that the source of a persuasive message was not credible.This supports which explanation of sleeper effects?

Wilkin and others (2010)conducted a study where American and Japanese participants were asked about their favorite musical artists,TV shows,and restaurants,among other preferences.They found that

An attitude that is brought to mind quickly and easily is said to be

People high in need for cognition are

Harmon-Jones and others (1996)research in which participants drank Kool-Aid mixed with sugar versus vinegar showed that

Which of the following would not be considered an attitude?

Gloria has a negative attitude toward smoking,but she continues to smoke two packs of cigarettes a day.According to the theory of planned behavior,one reason that her attitude and behavior are inconsistent could be that

The central route to persuasion requires

Professor Shackleford is elated because she has just learned that her paper has been accepted for publication.When a student passes her in the hallway and tells her that he missed the latest exam in order to stay home with his depressed cat,her good mood renders her likely to

Which indicator is not used to distinguish weak attitudes from strong ones?

Which statement regarding LaPeer's (1934)study of attitudes is false?

What Is Social Psychology

Doing Social Psychology Research

The Social Self

Perceiving Persons

Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination

Conformity

Group Processes

Attraction and Close Relationships

Helping Others

Aggression

Law

Business

Health

Filters

Exam 6: Attitudes

According to the theory of planned behavior,one reason that a person's behavior might not be consistent with that person's attitudes is that the behavior

Elias believes that gun control is necessary.Which of the following would cause Elias to change his attitude the most?

A major difference between cognitive dissonance theory and self-perception theory involves the extent to which is necessary to lead to self-persuasion and attitude change.

The study by Strachan and others (2002)found that subliminal cues regarding thirst influenced how much Kool-Aid participants drank only when

Research by Aronson and Carl smith (1963)shows that severe punishment

Han and Shavout found that Korean participants would respond most favorably to which of the following advertisement slogans?

Sleeper effects can be reduced by reminding people that the source of a persuasive message was not credible.This supports which explanation of sleeper effects?

Wilkin and others (2010)conducted a study where American and Japanese participants were asked about their favorite musical artists,TV shows,and restaurants,among other preferences.They found that

An attitude that is brought to mind quickly and easily is said to be

People high in need for cognition are

Harmon-Jones and others (1996)research in which participants drank Kool-Aid mixed with sugar versus vinegar showed that

Which of the following would not be considered an attitude?

Gloria has a negative attitude toward smoking,but she continues to smoke two packs of cigarettes a day.According to the theory of planned behavior,one reason that her attitude and behavior are inconsistent could be that

The central route to persuasion requires

Professor Shackleford is elated because she has just learned that her paper has been accepted for publication.When a student passes her in the hallway and tells her that he missed the latest exam in order to stay home with his depressed cat,her good mood renders her likely to

Which indicator is not used to distinguish weak attitudes from strong ones?

Which statement regarding LaPeer's (1934)study of attitudes is false?

What Is Social Psychology

Doing Social Psychology Research

The Social Self

Perceiving Persons

Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination

Conformity

Group Processes

Attraction and Close Relationships

Helping Others

Aggression

Law

Business

Health

Filters