Question 1

What is the average respiratory rate for a healthy toddler at rest?

Accepted Answer

A)  15-24 breaths/min 
B)  25-40 breaths/min 
C)  12-20 breaths/min 
D)  30-60 breaths/min 
A)  15-24 breaths/min 
B)  25-40 breaths/min 
C)  12-20 breaths/min 
D)  30-60 breaths/min

Question 2

Which of the following are periods of no gas flow during negative-pressure ventilation?
I. Inspiration
II. End-inspiration
III. Expiration
IV. End-expiration

Accepted Answer

A)  II only 
B)  I and III only 
C)  IV only 
D)  II and IV only 
A)  II only 
B)  I and III only 
C)  IV only 
D)  II and IV only

Question 3

With the end expiratory pause is factored in, what is the normal I:E ratio for an adult at rest?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 : 3 
B)  1 : 2.5 
C)  1 : 1 
D)  1 : 2 
A)  1 : 3 
B)  1 : 2.5 
C)  1 : 1 
D)  1 : 2

Question 4

A 5 ft tall female who weighs 300 lb requires mechanical ventilation. If the prescribed tidal volume for this patient's condition is 6 mL/kg IBW, where should the set tidal volume be set?

Accepted Answer

A)  approximately 520 mL 
B)  approximately 380 mL 
C)  approximately 820 mL 
D)  approximately 290 mL 
A)  approximately 520 mL 
B)  approximately 380 mL 
C)  approximately 820 mL 
D)  approximately 290 mL

Question 5

Which pressure is represented by Prs = PB - Palv ?

Accepted Answer

A)  transmural pressure 
B)  transpulmonary pressure 
C)  transthoracic pressure 
D)  transrespiratory pressure 
A)  transmural pressure 
B)  transpulmonary pressure 
C)  transthoracic pressure 
D)  transrespiratory pressure

Question 6

What is the treatment of choice for the early stages of RDS in premature infants?

Accepted Answer

A)  oxygen therapy 
B)  CPAP 
C)  long acting bronchodilators 
D)  steroids 
A)  oxygen therapy 
B)  CPAP 
C)  long acting bronchodilators 
D)  steroids

Question 7

When lung compliance is reduced by half, how will time constants be affected?

Accepted Answer

A)  The time constants will double 
B)  The time constant will be reduced by half 
C)  The time constant will increase to four times the original 
D)  The time constant will be reduced to one-fourth of the original 
A)  The time constants will double 
B)  The time constant will be reduced by half 
C)  The time constant will increase to four times the original 
D)  The time constant will be reduced to one-fourth of the original

Question 8

If an individual generates a flow rate of 4 L/sec by generating a transrespiratory pressure of 6 cm H20, what would Raw equal?

Accepted Answer

A)  1.5 L/sec/cm H20 
B)  2.4 L/sec/ cm H20 
C)  1.5 cm H20/L/sec 
D)  0.67 cm H20/L/sec 
A)  1.5 L/sec/cm H20 
B)  2.4 L/sec/ cm H20 
C)  1.5 cm H20/L/sec 
D)  0.67 cm H20/L/sec

Question 9

What is defined as "the time required to inflate a lung region to 60% of its filling capacity"?

Accepted Answer

A)  inspiratory time 
B)  maximum inspiratory time 
C)  dynamic compliance 
D)  time constant 
A)  inspiratory time 
B)  maximum inspiratory time 
C)  dynamic compliance 
D)  time constant

Question 10

How does the breathing pattern change when a patient with COPD develops a secondary restrictive lung condition such as pneumonia?

Accepted Answer

A)  respiratory rate increases 
B)  no breathing pattern changes would occur. 
C)  respiratory rate and tidal volume decrease. 
D)  respiratory rate decreases and tidal volume increase 
A)  respiratory rate increases 
B)  no breathing pattern changes would occur. 
C)  respiratory rate and tidal volume decrease. 
D)  respiratory rate decreases and tidal volume increase

Question 11

How does the normal adult's respiratory pattern change when lung compliance decreases?

Accepted Answer

A)  respiratory rate and tidal volume increase 
B)  respiratory rate and tidal volume decrease. 
C)  respiratory rate increases and tidal volume decreases 
D)  respiratory rate decreases and tidal volume increase 
A)  respiratory rate and tidal volume increase 
B)  respiratory rate and tidal volume decrease. 
C)  respiratory rate increases and tidal volume decreases 
D)  respiratory rate decreases and tidal volume increase

Question 12

When Poiseuille's law is rearranged for pressure, what adjustment must be made in driving pressure to maintain the same flowrate when the radius of the tube is reduced by 50 percent?

Accepted Answer

A)  The pressure must be increased to 4 times the original pressure 
B)  The pressure must be increased to 16 times the original 
C)  The pressure must be doubled 
D)  The pressure must be reduced by 50 percent 
A)  The pressure must be increased to 4 times the original pressure 
B)  The pressure must be increased to 16 times the original 
C)  The pressure must be doubled 
D)  The pressure must be reduced by 50 percent

Question 13

What is the only absolute way of confirming hyperventilation?

Accepted Answer

A)  assess the tidal volume 
B)  ask the patient 
C)  monitor the PaCO2 
D)  assess the respiratory rate 
A)  assess the tidal volume 
B)  ask the patient 
C)  monitor the PaCO2 
D)  assess the respiratory rate

Question 14

What changes in breathing patterns do patients with obstructive pulmonary disorders with increased Raw and increased time constants typically adopt?

Accepted Answer

A)  They increase their respiratory rate and tidal volume 
B)  They increase their respiratory rate and decrease their tidal volume 
C)  They decrease their respiratory rate and increase their tidal volume 
D)  The decrease their respiratory rate and tidal volume 
A)  They increase their respiratory rate and tidal volume 
B)  They increase their respiratory rate and decrease their tidal volume 
C)  They decrease their respiratory rate and increase their tidal volume 
D)  The decrease their respiratory rate and tidal volume

Question 15

What does frequency multiplied by (VT-VD) equal?

Accepted Answer

A)  alveolar dead space 
B)  physiologic dead space ventilation 
C)  minute alveolar ventilation 
D)  minute ventilation 
A)  alveolar dead space 
B)  physiologic dead space ventilation 
C)  minute alveolar ventilation 
D)  minute ventilation

Question 16

What instrument is used to measure Patm?

Accepted Answer

A)  dynameter 
B)  altimeter 
C)  barometer 
D)  hygrometer 
A)  dynameter 
B)  altimeter 
C)  barometer 
D)  hygrometer

Question 17

Which of the following can cause pulmonary surfactant deficiency? ?
I. Pulmonary embolism
II. Pulmonary edema
III. Atelectasis
IV. ARDS

Accepted Answer

A)  I, II, III, and IV 
B)  II and III only 
C)  I , II, and III only 
D)  II and IV only 
A)  I, II, III, and IV 
B)  II and III only 
C)  I , II, and III only 
D)  II and IV only

Question 18

Which flow pattern occurs in airways at low flow rates and low pressure-gradients?

Accepted Answer

A)  turbulent flow 
B)  laminar flow 
C)  tracheobronchial flow 
D)  transitional flow 
A)  turbulent flow 
B)  laminar flow 
C)  tracheobronchial flow 
D)  transitional flow

Question 19

Which clinical measurement is used to evaluate the elastic forces of the lungs?

Accepted Answer

A)  elastance 
B)  lung compliance 
C)  surface tension 
D)  airway resistance 
A)  elastance 
B)  lung compliance 
C)  surface tension 
D)  airway resistance

Question 20

Which substance in the alveoli is responsible for lowering the surface tension?

Accepted Answer

A)  saline 
B)  pulmonary surfactant 
C)  plasma 
D)  mucus 
A)  saline 
B)  pulmonary surfactant 
C)  plasma 
D)  mucus

What is the average respiratory rate for a healthy toddler at rest?

Which of the following are periods of no gas flow during negative-pressure ventilation? I. Inspiration II. End-inspiration III. Expiration IV. End-expiration

With the end expiratory pause is factored in, what is the normal I:E ratio for an adult at rest?

A 5 ft tall female who weighs 300 lb requires mechanical ventilation. If the prescribed tidal volume for this patient's condition is 6 mL/kg IBW, where should the set tidal volume be set?

Which pressure is represented by P_rs = P_B - P_alv ?

What is the treatment of choice for the early stages of RDS in premature infants?

When lung compliance is reduced by half, how will time constants be affected?

If an individual generates a flow rate of 4 L/sec by generating a transrespiratory pressure of 6 cm H20, what would Raw equal?

What is defined as "the time required to inflate a lung region to 60% of its filling capacity"?

How does the breathing pattern change when a patient with COPD develops a secondary restrictive lung condition such as pneumonia?

How does the normal adult's respiratory pattern change when lung compliance decreases?

When Poiseuille's law is rearranged for pressure, what adjustment must be made in driving pressure to maintain the same flowrate when the radius of the tube is reduced by 50 percent?

What is the only absolute way of confirming hyperventilation?

What changes in breathing patterns do patients with obstructive pulmonary disorders with increased R_aw and increased time constants typically adopt?

What does frequency multiplied by (V_T-V_D) equal?

What instrument is used to measure Patm?

Which of the following can cause pulmonary surfactant deficiency? ? I. Pulmonary embolism II. Pulmonary edema III. Atelectasis IV. ARDS

Which flow pattern occurs in airways at low flow rates and low pressure-gradients?

Which clinical measurement is used to evaluate the elastic forces of the lungs?

Which substance in the alveoli is responsible for lowering the surface tension?

The Anatomy and Physiology of the Respitory System

Pulmonary Function Measurements

The Diffusion of Pulmonary Gases

The Anatomy and Physiology of the Circulatory System

Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Transport

Acid-Base Balance and Regulation

Ventilation-Perfusion Relationships

Control of Ventilation

Fetal Development and the Cardiopulmonary System

Aging and the Cardiopulmonary System

Electrophysiology of the Heart

The Standard 12-Ecg Lead System

Ecg Interpretation

Hemodynamic Measurements

Renal Failure and Its Effects on the Cardiopulmonary System

Sleep Physiology and Its Relationship to the Cardiopulmonary System

Exercise and Its Effects on the Cardiopulmonary System

High Altitude and Its Effects on the Cardiopulmonary System

High Pressure Environments and Their Effects on the Cardiopulmonary System

Filters

Exam 2: Ventilation

What is the average respiratory rate for a healthy toddler at rest?

Which of the following are periods of no gas flow during negative-pressure ventilation? I. Inspiration II. End-inspiration III. Expiration IV. End-expiration

With the end expiratory pause is factored in, what is the normal I:E ratio for an adult at rest?

A 5 ft tall female who weighs 300 lb requires mechanical ventilation. If the prescribed tidal volume for this patient's condition is 6 mL/kg IBW, where should the set tidal volume be set?

Which pressure is represented by Prs = PB - Palv ?

What is the treatment of choice for the early stages of RDS in premature infants?

When lung compliance is reduced by half, how will time constants be affected?

If an individual generates a flow rate of 4 L/sec by generating a transrespiratory pressure of 6 cm H20, what would Raw equal?

What is defined as "the time required to inflate a lung region to 60% of its filling capacity"?

How does the breathing pattern change when a patient with COPD develops a secondary restrictive lung condition such as pneumonia?

How does the normal adult's respiratory pattern change when lung compliance decreases?

When Poiseuille's law is rearranged for pressure, what adjustment must be made in driving pressure to maintain the same flowrate when the radius of the tube is reduced by 50 percent?

What is the only absolute way of confirming hyperventilation?

What changes in breathing patterns do patients with obstructive pulmonary disorders with increased Raw and increased time constants typically adopt?

What does frequency multiplied by (VT-VD) equal?

What instrument is used to measure Patm?

Which of the following can cause pulmonary surfactant deficiency? ? I. Pulmonary embolism II. Pulmonary edema III. Atelectasis IV. ARDS

Which flow pattern occurs in airways at low flow rates and low pressure-gradients?

Which clinical measurement is used to evaluate the elastic forces of the lungs?

Which substance in the alveoli is responsible for lowering the surface tension?

The Anatomy and Physiology of the Respitory System

Pulmonary Function Measurements

The Diffusion of Pulmonary Gases

The Anatomy and Physiology of the Circulatory System

Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Transport

Acid-Base Balance and Regulation

Ventilation-Perfusion Relationships

Control of Ventilation

Fetal Development and the Cardiopulmonary System

Aging and the Cardiopulmonary System

Electrophysiology of the Heart

The Standard 12-Ecg Lead System

Ecg Interpretation

Hemodynamic Measurements

Renal Failure and Its Effects on the Cardiopulmonary System

Sleep Physiology and Its Relationship to the Cardiopulmonary System

Exercise and Its Effects on the Cardiopulmonary System

High Altitude and Its Effects on the Cardiopulmonary System

High Pressure Environments and Their Effects on the Cardiopulmonary System

Filters

Which pressure is represented by P_rs = P_B - P_alv ?

What changes in breathing patterns do patients with obstructive pulmonary disorders with increased R_aw and increased time constants typically adopt?

What does frequency multiplied by (V_T-V_D) equal?