Exam 7: The First Two Years: Psychosocial Development

Later theorists in the behaviorist tradition included the role of _____ learning in explaining how personality traits form.

When playing with their children, mothers are more likely than fathers to _____.

A toddler in Freud's anal stage would also be at Erikson's _____.

Name at least four conditions that can result in an insecure attachment between infants and caregivers. What might be done to improve the level of attachment?

Abed is 12 months old, and his uncle Frank is visiting for the first time in six months. Frank is delighted to see his nephew, so as he enters the room, he booms, "There's my little man!" Abed looks to his mother, who is smiling broadly at her brother Frank, and then crawls to her to be picked up. Abed is demonstrating _____.

An insecure attachment in infancy means that the child is destined for lifelong problems with relationships.

The crucial aspect of synchrony is _____.

Margarita and Roberto are warm, nurturing parents who hold their baby often. They are exhibiting _____.

Nine-month-old Taran explores new environments when his mother is present but shows distress when his mother leaves the room. Taran's behavior illustrates a(n) _____ attachment.

Center-based day care is common in countries like France, Israel, and China, where _____.

In the research performed by Tronick & Weinberg, mothers were instructed to interact with their infants by copying their babies' facial expressions and then on cue to show no emotional reaction at all. This procedure is called the _____.

When playing with their children, fathers are more likely than mothers to _____.

An infant's anger is usually triggered by _____.

One-year-old Claire lives in a loving, but noisy, family home with her parents and four siblings. She receives much positive attention and has a trusting relationship with her family. According to cognitive theory, she will develop _____.

Tiffany is 8 months old. Her mother and father don't get along well. There is often fighting in the house that frightens Tiffany. What effect might this environment have on her brain development?

A father is in the living room with his 1-year-old daughter. Suddenly, loud music blares next door. What would be a typical child's response and what is it based upon?

Some infants have bouts of uncontrollable crying, called ______.

Roseanne is several hours old. Which emotion is already apparent?

The part of the brain known as the _____ may develop more slowly in an infant who is frequently frightened.

Madison's mother warmly greeted an old friend in the grocery store. After observing her mother, Madison smiled, too. Madison engaged in social referencing to guide her own reaction to her mother's friend.