Exam 7: The First Two Years: Psychosocial Development

An infant's fear of being left alone by a parent or other caregiver is called _____.

Regina is easily disturbed, unhappy, and cries a lot. The New York Longitudinal Study researchers would say that Regina's temperament is _____.

A 12-month-old boy who clings anxiously to his mother and cries loudly every time the mother moves toward the door is probably demonstrating insecure-_____/ambivalent attachment.

Temperament is based in biology.

Sarah and David are ready to leave for their first date night in months. The babysitter has arrived and 18-month-old Gideon seems content playing with her, so Mom and Dad say, "See you soon!" and open the front door. Gideon howls, "Noooooo!" and runs to block his parents' exit. What emotional development is Gideon displaying?

Develop a time line for achieving the following attachment milestones. Give the approximate age at which infants typically: 1) recognize familiar people 2) respond to others' facial expressions in the still-face experiment 3) exhibit a style of attachment to caregivers 4) recognize themselves in a mirror 5) exhibit social referencing

Researchers placed a dot of rouge on babies' noses and then had them look into a mirror. On average, at what age did most babies touch their own noses when they saw their reflection?

Recent research has indicated that once an infant has become securely attached to an adult _____.

Proximal parenting tends to produce children who are _____.

Which 4-month-old girl's temperament is likely to change over time?

In the Strange Situation, a sign of secure attachment is _____.

_____ learning takes place by observing others.

Proximity-seeking and contact-maintaining attachment behaviors have been crucial to the survival of the species.

According to the New York Longitudinal Study, an infant with colic would be classified as _____.

The difficulty in distinguishing distinct emotions in early infancy is probably due to brain immaturity.

In their study of "temperamental individuality," New York Longitudinal Study researchers found that infants can be characterized as _____, difficult, hard-to-classify, or slow-to-warm-up.

Why does a child use social referencing?

A parent and a toddler meet someone who makes the parent nervous. The toddler will probably _____.

Geoffrey enjoys spending time with his 1-year-old son. Compared to his wife, Geoffrey's interaction with their son is likely to be _____.

Which of these factors in the mother was associated with a negatively engaged infant?