Exam 7: The First Two Years: Psychosocial Development

A lasting bond between an infant and a caregiver is called _____.

Social interactions are the only foundations for emotional growth.

A child who is fixated in the oral stage may become an adult who _____.

Which of these emotions is the first to develop in an infant?

In a cross-cultural study examining child-rearing practices, it was demonstrated that toddlers with _____ mothers were more obedient but less self-aware than toddlers with distal mothers.

Sigmund Freud was a(n) _____.

A baby searches the faces of her parents to see how to respond in unfamiliar situations. This is called _____.

The infant's smile that appears whenever mother peeks over the side of the crib and makes a funny face is called a(n) _____ smile.

Baby Roland wants his bottle, but he can't reach it. He gets angry, his face turns red, and he yells loudly. His anger is a healthy response to his frustration.

How do people become "fixated" in a Freudian stage?

Children's realization that they are separate persons with minds, bodies, and behaviors separate from those around them is called _____.

What are the four categories of temperament suggested by the New York Longitudinal Study?

Adam is playful, but sometimes moody; fussy but generally tolerant; and sometimes quiet, and other times boisterous. His temperament would be categorized as _____.

Psychologists from the _____ school of thought believe that a child's personality is "created" or largely determined by his or her parents.

According to cognitive theory, infants use their early relationships to develop a set of assumptions that become a frame of reference that may be used later in life. Such a set of assumptions is called a _____.

Which is an essential characteristic of high-quality day care?

The biologically based core of individual differences in style of approach and response to the environment that remains stable across time and situations is what psychologists call _____.

In-home day care is always preferable to out-of-home day care.

According to Freud, preventing sucking or weaning too early during infancy may have lasting effects on personality development later.

One-year-old Jacob follows his mother when she moves about the house and tries to climb up her legs when she is sitting in a chair. He is exhibiting his attachment to her through _____-seeking behavior.