Question 1

Which of the following is true of the glyoxylate cycle?

Accepted Answer

A)  It allows plants to produce glucose from fats and two-carbon molecules like acetate. 
B)  It occurs in plant cells as an alternative to photosynthesis. 
C)  It bypasses all regulated steps of the TCA cycle. 
D)  It results in a net production of ATP and NADH without proceeding through the TCA cycle. 
A)  It allows plants to produce glucose from fats and two-carbon molecules like acetate. 
B)  It occurs in plant cells as an alternative to photosynthesis. 
C)  It bypasses all regulated steps of the TCA cycle. 
D)  It results in a net production of ATP and NADH without proceeding through the TCA cycle.

Question 2

Chlorophyll absorbs light energy efficiently because of the

Accepted Answer

A)  metal ion in the center of the molecule. 
B)  ring structure. 
C)  planar structure. 
D)  alternating double and single bonds. 
A)  metal ion in the center of the molecule. 
B)  ring structure. 
C)  planar structure. 
D)  alternating double and single bonds.

Question 3

The O2 generated from photosynthesis is derived from

Accepted Answer

A)  CO2 reduction to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate. 
B)  CO2 reduction to glycerate-3-phosphate. 
C)  water molecules that directly reduce PSI*. 
D)  water molecules that directly reduce PSII*. 
A)  CO2 reduction to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate. 
B)  CO2 reduction to glycerate-3-phosphate. 
C)  water molecules that directly reduce PSI*. 
D)  water molecules that directly reduce PSII*.

Question 4

The chloroplast contains a highly folded membrane called the

Accepted Answer

A)  thylakoid. 
B)  lumen. 
C)  inner membrane. 
D)  matrix. 
A)  thylakoid. 
B)  lumen. 
C)  inner membrane. 
D)  matrix.

Question 5

The primary difference between ATP synthesis during the photosynthetic light reactions and ATP synthesis in the mitochondrial electron transport chain is the

Accepted Answer

A)  cellular location of the proton motive force. 
B)  enzyme catalyzing the ATP synthesis. 
C)  number of ATP produced per 360$\degree$ rotation of the F1 subunit of ATP synthase. 
D)  number of NADPH required to produce ATP. 
A)  cellular location of the proton motive force. 
B)  enzyme catalyzing the ATP synthesis. 
C)  number of ATP produced per 360$\degree$ rotation of the F1 subunit of ATP synthase. 
D)  number of NADPH required to produce ATP.

Question 6

Which electron carrier molecule in the photosynthetic electron transport chain is largely hydrophobic and found floating in the thylakoid membrane?

Accepted Answer

A)  heme 
B)  chlorophyll 
C)  pheophytin 
D)  plastoquinone 
A)  heme 
B)  chlorophyll 
C)  pheophytin 
D)  plastoquinone

Question 7

Resonance energy transfer from one chlorophyll in the photosystems results in

Accepted Answer

A)  a reduced neighboring pheophytin molecule. 
B)  a neighboring chlorophyll in an excited state. 
C)  heat release. 
D)  the release of a photon. 
A)  a reduced neighboring pheophytin molecule. 
B)  a neighboring chlorophyll in an excited state. 
C)  heat release. 
D)  the release of a photon.

Question 8

For photosynthesis, sunlight energy drives electron transfer. Where are the electrons ejected from when light is absorbed?

Accepted Answer

A)  photons released by chlorophyll 
B)  NADPH 
C)  light-harvesting pigments in PSI and PSII 
D)  oxygen 
A)  photons released by chlorophyll 
B)  NADPH 
C)  light-harvesting pigments in PSI and PSII 
D)  oxygen

Question 9

Where do electrons from photosystem II (PSII) come from to re-reduce the oxidized P680+ state?

Accepted Answer

A)  O2 
B)  NADPH 
C)  plastocyanin 
D)  H2O 
A)  O2 
B)  NADPH 
C)  plastocyanin 
D)  H2O

Question 10

What is a reason for keeping photosystem I (PSI) and photosystem II (PSII) separate in the chloroplasts?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are involved in different pathways and not involved with each other. 
B)  They would quench each other by energy transfer. 
C)  They have different sunlight exposure requirements. 
D)  They have different ATP consumption requirements. 
A)  They are involved in different pathways and not involved with each other. 
B)  They would quench each other by energy transfer. 
C)  They have different sunlight exposure requirements. 
D)  They have different ATP consumption requirements.

Question 11

The energy derived from photosynthesis and used to make ATP is manifested in what form?

Accepted Answer

A)  an acidic stroma 
B)  an electron gradient in the thylakoid membrane 
C)  an acidic thylakoid lumen 
D)  an acidic cytoplasm 
A)  an acidic stroma 
B)  an electron gradient in the thylakoid membrane 
C)  an acidic thylakoid lumen 
D)  an acidic cytoplasm

Question 12

Under what conditions does cyclic photophosphorylation take place?

Accepted Answer

A)  in an acidic stroma 
B)  with high levels of NADPH 
C)  with high levels of ATP 
D)  with an inactivated photosystem I 
A)  in an acidic stroma 
B)  with high levels of NADPH 
C)  with high levels of ATP 
D)  with an inactivated photosystem I

Question 13

Hypothesize how the combustion of large quantities of fossil fuels could affect the cycle shown below. Then explain how this could be further complicated by the global loss of vegetation, such as by the cutting of rain forests.

Accepted Answer

The formation of CO₂ from burning fossil

Question 14

What is the name of the enzyme that catalyzes the reaction shown below?

Accepted Answer

A)  ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase 
B)  acetyl-CoA carboxylase 
C)  glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 
D)  pyruvate carboxylase 
A)  ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase 
B)  acetyl-CoA carboxylase 
C)  glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 
D)  pyruvate carboxylase

Question 15

Which cell type in C4 plants is isolated from O2 exposure as they perform Calvin cycle reactions?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hatch-Slack cells 
B)  bundle sheath cells 
C)  guard cells 
D)  mesophyll cells 
A)  Hatch-Slack cells 
B)  bundle sheath cells 
C)  guard cells 
D)  mesophyll cells

Question 16

Which is a characteristic of the second stage of the three-stage Calvin cycle?

Accepted Answer

A)  It uses ATP and NADPH. 
B)  It is similar to a series of reactions in pentose phosphate pathway. 
C)  It is catalyzed by an enzyme called rubisco. 
D)  It begins and ends with a C5 sugar. 
A)  It uses ATP and NADPH. 
B)  It is similar to a series of reactions in pentose phosphate pathway. 
C)  It is catalyzed by an enzyme called rubisco. 
D)  It begins and ends with a C5 sugar.

Question 17

Chlorophyll absorbs

Accepted Answer

A)  heat energy and reaches an excited state. 
B)  photon energy and becomes excited or oxidized. 
C)  an electron during photon excitation. 
D)  all wavelengths of light. 
A)  heat energy and reaches an excited state. 
B)  photon energy and becomes excited or oxidized. 
C)  an electron during photon excitation. 
D)  all wavelengths of light.

Question 18

What is the name of the plant leaf openings that open during the night and close during the day in CAM plants?

Accepted Answer

A)  mesophyll cells 
B)  stomata 
C)  guard cells 
D)  malate pore proteins 
A)  mesophyll cells 
B)  stomata 
C)  guard cells 
D)  malate pore proteins

Question 19

Heme and chlorophyll have the same porphyrin cofactor, yet they have largely different roles. Compare their color and the metal ions employed by each.

Accepted Answer

Chlorophyl

Question 20

Which complex in the photosynthetic electron transport chain pumps protons as electrons pass through it?

Accepted Answer

A)  plastocyanin 
B)  cytochrome b6f 
C)  photosystem I 
D)  photosystem II 
A)  plastocyanin 
B)  cytochrome b6f 
C)  photosystem I 
D)  photosystem II

Exam 12: Photosynthesis

Which of the following is true of the glyoxylate cycle?

Chlorophyll absorbs light energy efficiently because of the

The O2 generated from photosynthesis is derived from

The chloroplast contains a highly folded membrane called the

The primary difference between ATP synthesis during the photosynthetic light reactions and ATP synthesis in the mitochondrial electron transport chain is the

Which electron carrier molecule in the photosynthetic electron transport chain is largely hydrophobic and found floating in the thylakoid membrane?

Resonance energy transfer from one chlorophyll in the photosystems results in

For photosynthesis, sunlight energy drives electron transfer. Where are the electrons ejected from when light is absorbed?

Where do electrons from photosystem II (PSII) come from to re-reduce the oxidized P680+ state?

What is a reason for keeping photosystem I (PSI) and photosystem II (PSII) separate in the chloroplasts?

The energy derived from photosynthesis and used to make ATP is manifested in what form?

Under what conditions does cyclic photophosphorylation take place?

Hypothesize how the combustion of large quantities of fossil fuels could affect the cycle shown below. Then explain how this could be further complicated by the global loss of vegetation, such as by the cutting of rain forests.

What is the name of the enzyme that catalyzes the reaction shown below?

Which cell type in C4 plants is isolated from O2 exposure as they perform Calvin cycle reactions?

Which is a characteristic of the second stage of the three-stage Calvin cycle?

Chlorophyll absorbs

What is the name of the plant leaf openings that open during the night and close during the day in CAM plants?

Heme and chlorophyll have the same porphyrin cofactor, yet they have largely different roles. Compare their color and the metal ions employed by each.

Which complex in the photosynthetic electron transport chain pumps protons as electrons pass through it?

Principles of Biochemistry

Physical Biochemistry: Energy Conversion, Water, and Membranes

Nucleic Acid Structure and Function

Protein Structure

Methods in Protein Biochemistry

Protein Function

Enzyme Mechanisms

Cell Signaling Systems

Glycolysis: a Paradigm of Metabolic Regulation

The Citrate Cycle

Oxidative Phosphorylation

Carbohydrate Structure and Function

Carbohydrate Metabolism

Lipid Structure and Function

Lipid Metabolism

Amino Acid Metabolism

Nucleotide Metabolism

Metabolic Integration

DNA Replication, Repair, and Recombination

RNA Synthesis, Processing, and Gene Silencing

Protein Synthesis, Posttranslational Modification, and Transport

Gene Regulation

Filters

The O₂ generated from photosynthesis is derived from

Where do electrons from photosystem II (PSII) come from to re-reduce the oxidized P680⁺ state?

Which cell type in C₄ plants is isolated from O₂ exposure as they perform Calvin cycle reactions?