Question 1

Which simple sugar major group ranges in size from 3 to 20 branched and unbranched sugar residues?

Accepted Answer

A)  monosaccharides 
B)  disaccharides 
C)  oligosaccharides 
D)  polysaccharides 
A)  monosaccharides 
B)  disaccharides 
C)  oligosaccharides 
D)  polysaccharides

Question 2

Compare and contrast the structure of chitin and cellulose.

Accepted Answer

Both contain @#LAT-DLM&-1,4 glycosidic b

Question 3

The growth rate of pigs and chickens is often decreased when they eat raffinose-series oligosaccharides that are present in soybean-based feeds. Propose a method where pigs and chickens can still eat the soybean-based feeds but also grow at the same rate.

Accepted Answer

The food could be pretreated w

Question 4

What is the first step when analyzing glycan groups on a glycoprotein?

Accepted Answer

A)  The glycan groups must undergo liquid chromatography to separate the different components of the mixture. 
B)  Mass spectrometry should be used to identify the glycans based on their mass to charge ratio. 
C)  The glycan groups must be separated from the protein moiety using a cleavage reaction. 
D)  The glycan groups must undergo column chromatography to separate the glycan groups from the lipid moiety. 
A)  The glycan groups must undergo liquid chromatography to separate the different components of the mixture. 
B)  Mass spectrometry should be used to identify the glycans based on their mass to charge ratio. 
C)  The glycan groups must be separated from the protein moiety using a cleavage reaction. 
D)  The glycan groups must undergo column chromatography to separate the glycan groups from the lipid moiety.

Question 5

Which technique provides information about the arrangement of sugars in a glycan fraction?

Accepted Answer

A)  glycan arrays 
B)  MALDI-TOF 
C)  mass spectrometry 
D)  high-performance liquid chromatography 
A)  glycan arrays 
B)  MALDI-TOF 
C)  mass spectrometry 
D)  high-performance liquid chromatography

Question 6

The outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria contains glycolipids called

Accepted Answer

A)  cellulose. 
B)  lipopolysaccharides. 
C)  lipoteichoic acid. 
D)  hyaluronic acid. 
A)  cellulose. 
B)  lipopolysaccharides. 
C)  lipoteichoic acid. 
D)  hyaluronic acid.

Question 7

Glycoconjugates are linked to proteins or lipids via

Accepted Answer

A)  London forces. 
B)  ionic bonds. 
C)  covalent bonds. 
D)  hydrogen bonds. 
A)  London forces. 
B)  ionic bonds. 
C)  covalent bonds. 
D)  hydrogen bonds.

Question 8

Which functional group on penicillin forms a complex with transpeptidase of the bacterial wall?

Accepted Answer

A)  sulfide 
B)  amine 
C)  hydroxyl 
D)  carbonyl 
A)  sulfide 
B)  amine 
C)  hydroxyl 
D)  carbonyl

Question 9

How are glycosaminoglycans attached to proteins?

Accepted Answer

A)  London forces 
B)  ionic bonds 
C)  covalent bonds 
D)  hydrogen bonds 
A)  London forces 
B)  ionic bonds 
C)  covalent bonds 
D)  hydrogen bonds

Question 10

Raffinose-series oligosaccharides are hard for humans to digest because

Accepted Answer

A)  humans do not have the enzyme necessary to hydrolyze the glycosidic bonds. 
B)  they bind to bifidobacteria in the gut. 
C)  they function as soluble decoys that inhibit pathogenic bacteria from invading the epithelial cells. 
D)  humans have a large number of competing glycan binding sites. 
A)  humans do not have the enzyme necessary to hydrolyze the glycosidic bonds. 
B)  they bind to bifidobacteria in the gut. 
C)  they function as soluble decoys that inhibit pathogenic bacteria from invading the epithelial cells. 
D)  humans have a large number of competing glycan binding sites.

Question 11

Compared with glycogen, amylopectin contains glycosidic bonds.

Accepted Answer

A)  more $\alpha$-1,6 
B)  fewer $\alpha$-1,6 
C)  only $\alpha$-1,4 
D)  only $\alpha$-1,6 
A)  more $\alpha$-1,6 
B)  fewer $\alpha$-1,6 
C)  only $\alpha$-1,4 
D)  only $\alpha$-1,6

Question 12

Crystal violet stains Gram-positive bacteria because Gram-positive bacteria have a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  outer membrane layer that collapses, trapping the crystal violet molecules. 
B)  thinner peptidoglycan layer that allows the crystal violet molecules to pass through the pores. 
C)  thinner peptidoglycan layer that collapses, trapping the crystal violet molecules. 
D)  thicker peptidoglycan layer that collapses, trapping the crystal violet molecules. 
A)  outer membrane layer that collapses, trapping the crystal violet molecules. 
B)  thinner peptidoglycan layer that allows the crystal violet molecules to pass through the pores. 
C)  thinner peptidoglycan layer that collapses, trapping the crystal violet molecules. 
D)  thicker peptidoglycan layer that collapses, trapping the crystal violet molecules.

Question 13

Which of the following oligosaccharides are found in high abundance in some types of vegetables and have been known to cause intestinal distress?

Accepted Answer

A)  lacto-N-tetraose 
B)  verbascose 
C)  amylose 
D)  amylopectin 
A)  lacto-N-tetraose 
B)  verbascose 
C)  amylose 
D)  amylopectin

Question 14

What would the predicted enzymatic product be when cellulose is exposed to cellulase?

Accepted Answer

A)  pectin 
B)  hemicellulose 
C)  cellotetraose 
D)  glucose 
A)  pectin 
B)  hemicellulose 
C)  cellotetraose 
D)  glucose

Question 15

Compare the two basic types of arrays developed for glycobiology research.

Accepted Answer

The first type is a protein array that c

Question 16

Which glucose homopolymer is generated during daylight hours in plants?

Accepted Answer

A)  sucrose 
B)  galactose 
C)  starch 
D)  glycogen 
A)  sucrose 
B)  galactose 
C)  starch 
D)  glycogen

Question 17

Which technique can identify N-linked glycans in a mixed sample?

Accepted Answer

A)  lectin arrays 
B)  glycan arrays 
C)  mass spectrometry 
D)  high-performance liquid chromatography 
A)  lectin arrays 
B)  glycan arrays 
C)  mass spectrometry 
D)  high-performance liquid chromatography

Question 18

What type of antibody or antibodies is/are found in the plasma of a person with type A blood?

Accepted Answer

A)  anti-A 
B)  anti-B 
C)  neither anti-A or anti-B 
D)  both anti-A and anti-B 
A)  anti-A 
B)  anti-B 
C)  neither anti-A or anti-B 
D)  both anti-A and anti-B

Question 19

Which enzyme does penicillin target in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

A)  "$\beta$-lactamase" 
B)  "peptidase" 
C)  "transpeptidase" 
D)  "$\alpha$-galactosidase" 
A)  "$\beta$-lactamase" 
B)  "peptidase" 
C)  "transpeptidase" 
D)  "$\alpha$-galactosidase"

Question 20

The following figure shows the cellular processes that synthesize, secrete, and recognize glycoconjugates in eukaryotic cells. Identify where lectins are located on the figure.

Accepted Answer

A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  5 
D)  6 
A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  5 
D)  6

Exam 13: Carbohydrate Structure and Function

Which simple sugar major group ranges in size from 3 to 20 branched and unbranched sugar residues?

Compare and contrast the structure of chitin and cellulose.

The growth rate of pigs and chickens is often decreased when they eat raffinose-series oligosaccharides that are present in soybean-based feeds. Propose a method where pigs and chickens can still eat the soybean-based feeds but also grow at the same rate.

What is the first step when analyzing glycan groups on a glycoprotein?

Which technique provides information about the arrangement of sugars in a glycan fraction?

The outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria contains glycolipids called

Glycoconjugates are linked to proteins or lipids via

Which functional group on penicillin forms a complex with transpeptidase of the bacterial wall?

How are glycosaminoglycans attached to proteins?

Raffinose-series oligosaccharides are hard for humans to digest because

Compared with glycogen, amylopectin contains glycosidic bonds.

Crystal violet stains Gram-positive bacteria because Gram-positive bacteria have a(n)

Which of the following oligosaccharides are found in high abundance in some types of vegetables and have been known to cause intestinal distress?

What would the predicted enzymatic product be when cellulose is exposed to cellulase?

Compare the two basic types of arrays developed for glycobiology research.

Which glucose homopolymer is generated during daylight hours in plants?

Which technique can identify N-linked glycans in a mixed sample?

What type of antibody or antibodies is/are found in the plasma of a person with type A blood?

Which enzyme does penicillin target in bacteria?

The following figure shows the cellular processes that synthesize, secrete, and recognize glycoconjugates in eukaryotic cells. Identify where lectins are located on the figure.

Principles of Biochemistry

Physical Biochemistry: Energy Conversion, Water, and Membranes

Nucleic Acid Structure and Function

Protein Structure

Methods in Protein Biochemistry

Protein Function

Enzyme Mechanisms

Cell Signaling Systems

Glycolysis: a Paradigm of Metabolic Regulation

The Citrate Cycle

Oxidative Phosphorylation

Photosynthesis

Carbohydrate Metabolism

Lipid Structure and Function

Lipid Metabolism

Amino Acid Metabolism

Nucleotide Metabolism

Metabolic Integration

DNA Replication, Repair, and Recombination

RNA Synthesis, Processing, and Gene Silencing

Protein Synthesis, Posttranslational Modification, and Transport

Gene Regulation

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