Question 1

The CDC is located in

Accepted Answer

A)  Washington, DC. 
B)  New York City, NY. 
C)  Chicago, IL. 
D)  Las Angeles, CA. 
E)  Atlanta, GA. 
A)  Washington, DC. 
B)  New York City, NY. 
C)  Chicago, IL. 
D)  Las Angeles, CA. 
E)  Atlanta, GA.

Question 2

The rise in herd immunity amongst a population can directly attributed to

Accepted Answer

A)  antibiotic- resistant microorganisms. 
B)  improved handwashing. 
C)  vaccinations. 
D)  increased use of antibiotics. 
E)  None of the answers is correct. 
A)  antibiotic- resistant microorganisms. 
B)  improved handwashing. 
C)  vaccinations. 
D)  increased use of antibiotics. 
E)  None of the answers is correct.

Question 3

A disease in which the causative agent remains inactive for a time before producing symptoms is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)  zoonotic. 
B)  latent. 
C)  subacute. 
D)  subclinical. 
E)  acute. 
A)  zoonotic. 
B)  latent. 
C)  subacute. 
D)  subclinical. 
E)  acute.

Question 4

Urinary tract infections are the most common forms of nosocomial infections.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Compromised hosts are always suffering from suppressed immune systems.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Dengue fever, a zoonotic disease, is endemic in northern Mexico, but not in the U.S. Provide two plausible explanations for this dichotomy, and explain.

Accepted Answer

There are two plausible explanations for

Question 7

Which one of the following does NOT contribute to the incidence of nosocomial infections?

Accepted Answer

A)  gram- negative cell walls 
B)  antibiotic resistance 
C)  lack of handwashing 
D)  lapse in aseptic techniques 
E)  lack of insect control 
A)  gram- negative cell walls 
B)  antibiotic resistance 
C)  lack of handwashing 
D)  lapse in aseptic techniques 
E)  lack of insect control

Question 8

Emergence of infectious diseases can be attributed to all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  new strains of previously known agents. 
B)  antibiotic resistance. 
C)  ease of travel. 
D)  climatic changes. 
E)  None of the answers is correct; the emergence of infectious diseases can be attributed to all of these. 
A)  new strains of previously known agents. 
B)  antibiotic resistance. 
C)  ease of travel. 
D)  climatic changes. 
E)  None of the answers is correct; the emergence of infectious diseases can be attributed to all of these.

Question 9

Pseudomonas bacteria colonized the bile duct of a patient following his liver transplant surgery. This is an example of a

Accepted Answer

A)  latent infection. 
B)  communicable disease. 
C)  nosocomial infection. 
D)  sporadic disease. 
E)  None of the answers is correct. 
A)  latent infection. 
B)  communicable disease. 
C)  nosocomial infection. 
D)  sporadic disease. 
E)  None of the answers is correct.

Question 10

Which of the following definitions is INCORRECT?

Accepted Answer

A)  epidemic: a disease that is endemic across the world 
B)  endemic: a disease that is constantly present in a population 
C)  incidence: number of new cases of a disease 
D)  pandemic: a disease that affects a large number of people in the world in a short time 
E)  sporadic: a disease that affects a population occasionally 
A)  epidemic: a disease that is endemic across the world 
B)  endemic: a disease that is constantly present in a population 
C)  incidence: number of new cases of a disease 
D)  pandemic: a disease that affects a large number of people in the world in a short time 
E)  sporadic: a disease that affects a population occasionally

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT an example of microbial antagonism?

Accepted Answer

A)  bacteria producing vitamin K 
B)  bacteriocin production 
C)  bacteria occupying host receptors 
D)  bacteria causing disease 
E)  acid production by bacteria 
A)  bacteria producing vitamin K 
B)  bacteriocin production 
C)  bacteria occupying host receptors 
D)  bacteria causing disease 
E)  acid production by bacteria

Question 12

Which of the following is a fomite?

Accepted Answer

A)  a hypodermic needle 
B)  insects 
C)  water 
D)  droplets from a sneeze 
E)  pus 
A)  a hypodermic needle 
B)  insects 
C)  water 
D)  droplets from a sneeze 
E)  pus

Question 13

A needlestick is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  droplet transmission. 
B)  vector. 
C)  fomite. 
D)  vehicle transmission. 
E)  direct contact. 
A)  droplet transmission. 
B)  vector. 
C)  fomite. 
D)  vehicle transmission. 
E)  direct contact.

Question 14

Which of the following can contribute to postoperative infections?

Accepted Answer

A)  using syringes more than once 
B)  errors in aseptic technique 
C)  antibiotic resistance 
D)  normal microbiota on the operating room staff 
E)  All of the answers are correct. 
A)  using syringes more than once 
B)  errors in aseptic technique 
C)  antibiotic resistance 
D)  normal microbiota on the operating room staff 
E)  All of the answers are correct.

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a predisposing factor of disease?

Accepted Answer

A)  occupation 
B)  climate 
C)  genetic background 
D)  lifestyle 
E)  None of the answers are correct; all of these are predisposing factors of disease. 
A)  occupation 
B)  climate 
C)  genetic background 
D)  lifestyle 
E)  None of the answers are correct; all of these are predisposing factors of disease.

Question 16

Which of the following diseases is NOT spread by droplet infection?

Accepted Answer

A)  the common cold 
B)  measles 
C)  tuberculosis 
D)  botulism 
E)  diphtheria 
A)  the common cold 
B)  measles 
C)  tuberculosis 
D)  botulism 
E)  diphtheria

Question 17

A host is not considered diseased until an infection changes one's state of health.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

The etiologic agent of the disease in Situation 14.1 is

Accepted Answer

A)  soil. 
B)  wind. 
C)  sheep. 
D)  pneumonia. 
E)  Coxiella burnetii. 
A)  soil. 
B)  wind. 
C)  sheep. 
D)  pneumonia. 
E)  Coxiella burnetii.

Question 19

Figure 14.1
  
-Figure 14.1 shows the incidence of influenza during a typical year. Which letter on the graph indicates the endemic level?

Accepted Answer

A)  a 
B)  b 
C)  c 
D)  d 
E)  The answer cannot be determined based on the information provided. 
A)  a 
B)  b 
C)  c 
D)  d 
E)  The answer cannot be determined based on the information provided.

Question 20

Which of the following statements about biological transmission is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  The pathogen may require the vector as a host. 
B)  The pathogen may be injected by the bite of the vector. 
C)  The pathogen reproduces in the vector. 
D)  The pathogen may enter the host in the vector's feces. 
E)  Houseflies are an important vector. 
A)  The pathogen may require the vector as a host. 
B)  The pathogen may be injected by the bite of the vector. 
C)  The pathogen reproduces in the vector. 
D)  The pathogen may enter the host in the vector's feces. 
E)  Houseflies are an important vector.

Exam 14: Principles of Disease and Epidemiology

The CDC is located in

The rise in herd immunity amongst a population can directly attributed to

A disease in which the causative agent remains inactive for a time before producing symptoms is referred to as

Urinary tract infections are the most common forms of nosocomial infections.

Compromised hosts are always suffering from suppressed immune systems.

Dengue fever, a zoonotic disease, is endemic in northern Mexico, but not in the U.S. Provide two plausible explanations for this dichotomy, and explain.

Which one of the following does NOT contribute to the incidence of nosocomial infections?

Emergence of infectious diseases can be attributed to all of the following EXCEPT

Pseudomonas bacteria colonized the bile duct of a patient following his liver transplant surgery. This is an example of a

Which of the following definitions is INCORRECT?

Which of the following is NOT an example of microbial antagonism?

Which of the following is a fomite?

A needlestick is an example of

Which of the following can contribute to postoperative infections?

Which of the following is NOT a predisposing factor of disease?

Which of the following diseases is NOT spread by droplet infection?

A host is not considered diseased until an infection changes one's state of health.

The etiologic agent of the disease in Situation 14.1 is

Figure 14.1 -Figure 14.1 shows the incidence of influenza during a typical year. Which letter on the graph indicates the endemic level?

Which of the following statements about biological transmission is FALSE?

The Microbial World and You

Chemical Principles

Observing Microorganisms Through a Microscope

Functional Anatomy of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

Microbial Metabolism

Microbial Growth

The Control of Microbial Growth

Microbial Genetics

Biotechnology and Recombinant Dna

Classification of Microorganisms

The Prokaryotes: Domains Bacteria and Archaea

The Eukaryotes: Fungi, Algae, Protozoa, and Helminths

Viruses, Viroids, and Prions

Microbial Mechanisms of Pathogenicity

Innate Immunity: Nonspecific Defenses of the Host

Adaptive Immunity: Specific Defenses of the Host

Practical Applications of Immunology

Disorders Associated With the Immune System

Antimicrobial Drugs

Microbial Diseases of the Skin and Eyes

Microbial Diseases of the Nervous System

Microbial Diseases of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Microbial Diseases of the Respiratory System

Microbial Diseases of the Digestive System

Microbial Diseases of the Urinary and Reproductive Systems

Environmental Microbiology

Applied and Industrial Microbiology

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