Question 1

Which of the following is a test to determine a patient's blood type by mixing the patient's red blood cells with antisera?

Accepted Answer

A)  direct agglutination reaction 
B)  passive agglutination reaction 
C)  immunofluorescence 
D)  neutralization reaction 
E)  precipitation reaction 
A)  direct agglutination reaction 
B)  passive agglutination reaction 
C)  immunofluorescence 
D)  neutralization reaction 
E)  precipitation reaction

Question 2

In an immunodiffusion test to diagnose histoplasmosis, a patient's serum is placed in a well in an agar plate. In a positive test, a precipitate forms as the serum diffuses from the well and meets material diffusing from a second well. In this test process, what is in the second well?

Accepted Answer

A)  mycelia 
B)  red blood cells 
C)  antibodies 
D)  fungal cells 
E)  a fungal antigen 
A)  mycelia 
B)  red blood cells 
C)  antibodies 
D)  fungal cells 
E)  a fungal antigen

Question 3

A highly specific diagnostic test will have very few false negative reactions.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Table 18.1
  
-In Table 18.1, who showed seroconversion during these observations?

Accepted Answer

A)  Patient A 
B)  Patient B 
C)  Patient C 
D)  Patient D 
A)  Patient A 
B)  Patient B 
C)  Patient C 
D)  Patient D

Question 5

A reaction between an antibody and soluble antigen- forming lattices is called a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  agglutination reaction. 
B)  immunofluorescence. 
C)  neutralization reaction. 
D)  precipitation reaction. 
E)  complement fixation. 
A)  agglutination reaction. 
B)  immunofluorescence. 
C)  neutralization reaction. 
D)  precipitation reaction. 
E)  complement fixation.

Question 6

Which of the following tests is MOST useful in determining the presence of AIDS antibodies?

Accepted Answer

A)  direct fluorescent- antibody 
B)  agglutination 
C)  indirect ELISA 
D)  neutralization 
E)  complement fixation 
A)  direct fluorescent- antibody 
B)  agglutination 
C)  indirect ELISA 
D)  neutralization 
E)  complement fixation

Question 7

Patient's serum, influenza virus, and red blood cells are mixed in a tube. What happens if the patient has antibodies against influenza virus?

Accepted Answer

A)  hemolysis 
B)  hemagglutination 
C)  complement fixation 
D)  agglutination 
E)  hemagglutination- inhibition 
A)  hemolysis 
B)  hemagglutination 
C)  complement fixation 
D)  agglutination 
E)  hemagglutination- inhibition

Question 8

Which of the following uses fluorescent- labeled antibodies?

Accepted Answer

A)  flow cytometry 
B)  neutralization 
C)  agglutination 
D)  complement fixation 
E)  precipitation 
A)  flow cytometry 
B)  neutralization 
C)  agglutination 
D)  complement fixation 
E)  precipitation

Question 9

Agglutination tests use particulate antigens while precipitation tests use soluble antigens.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Live polio virus can be used in a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  inactivated whole- agent vaccine. 
B)  attenuated whole- agent vaccine. 
C)  conjugated vaccine. 
D)  subunit vaccine. 
E)  toxoid vaccine. 
A)  inactivated whole- agent vaccine. 
B)  attenuated whole- agent vaccine. 
C)  conjugated vaccine. 
D)  subunit vaccine. 
E)  toxoid vaccine.

Question 11

A patient's serum, Mycobacterium, guinea pig complement, sheep red blood cells, and anti- sheep red blood cell antibodies are mixed in a test tube. What happens if the patient has antibodies to Mycobacterium?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bacteria fluoresce. 
B)  No hemolysis occurs. 
C)  Hemagglutination occurs. 
D)  Hemolysis occurs. 
E)  Hemagglutination- inhibition occurs. 
A)  Bacteria fluoresce. 
B)  No hemolysis occurs. 
C)  Hemagglutination occurs. 
D)  Hemolysis occurs. 
E)  Hemagglutination- inhibition occurs.

Question 12

Adjuvants such as aluminum salts are used as additives in vaccines to enhance immune responses.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Which item is from the patient in a direct ELISA test?

Accepted Answer

A)  substrate for the enzyme 
B)  antibodies against the antigen 
C)  antihuman immune serum 
D)  antigen 
A)  substrate for the enzyme 
B)  antibodies against the antigen 
C)  antihuman immune serum 
D)  antigen

Question 14

Dead Bordetella pertussis can be used in a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  inactivated whole- agent vaccine. 
B)  attenuated whole- agent vaccine. 
C)  conjugated vaccine. 
D)  subunit vaccine. 
E)  toxoid vaccine. 
A)  inactivated whole- agent vaccine. 
B)  attenuated whole- agent vaccine. 
C)  conjugated vaccine. 
D)  subunit vaccine. 
E)  toxoid vaccine.

Question 15

In your work in a county public health clinic, you encounter parents of a three- month- old who are considering not vaccinating their child. What concerns might the parents raise regarding vaccine safety? As a microbiology student and public health care worker, what do you say to these parents regarding the risks of not vaccinating their child?

Accepted Answer

The concerns that parents might raise re

Question 16

In a direct ELISA test to screen for drugs in a patient's urine, what is the third step in the test process?

Accepted Answer

A)  the patient's urine sample 
B)  substrate for the enzyme 
C)  antibody against the drug being tested 
D)  enzyme- labeled antibodies against the drug being tested 
A)  the patient's urine sample 
B)  substrate for the enzyme 
C)  antibody against the drug being tested 
D)  enzyme- labeled antibodies against the drug being tested

Question 17

The clumping of test cells indicates a negative test result in the

Accepted Answer

A)  direct agglutination test. 
B)  indirect agglutination test. 
C)  viral hemagglutination inhibition test. 
D)  precipitation test. 
E)  complement- fixation test. 
A)  direct agglutination test. 
B)  indirect agglutination test. 
C)  viral hemagglutination inhibition test. 
D)  precipitation test. 
E)  complement- fixation test.

Question 18

Blood typing tests are examples of hemagglutination reactions.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

A reaction that uses the absence of hemolysis of red blood cells to indicate an antigen-antibody reaction is called a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  complement fixation. 
B)  agglutination reaction. 
C)  precipitation reaction. 
D)  neutralization reaction. 
E)  immunofluorescence. 
A)  complement fixation. 
B)  agglutination reaction. 
C)  precipitation reaction. 
D)  neutralization reaction. 
E)  immunofluorescence.

Question 20

Monoclonal antibodies are used in diagnostic tests and disease treatments because they

Accepted Answer

A)  are highly specific. 
B)  can be produced in large quantities. 
C)  contain a mixture of antibodies. 
D)  are highly specific and they can be produced in large quantities. 
E)  are highly specific, they can be produced in large quantities, and they contain a mixture of antibodies. 
A)  are highly specific. 
B)  can be produced in large quantities. 
C)  contain a mixture of antibodies. 
D)  are highly specific and they can be produced in large quantities. 
E)  are highly specific, they can be produced in large quantities, and they contain a mixture of antibodies.

Exam 18: Practical Applications of Immunology

Which of the following is a test to determine a patient's blood type by mixing the patient's red blood cells with antisera?

In an immunodiffusion test to diagnose histoplasmosis, a patient's serum is placed in a well in an agar plate. In a positive test, a precipitate forms as the serum diffuses from the well and meets material diffusing from a second well. In this test process, what is in the second well?

A highly specific diagnostic test will have very few false negative reactions.

Table 18.1 -In Table 18.1, who showed seroconversion during these observations?

A reaction between an antibody and soluble antigen- forming lattices is called a(n)

Which of the following tests is MOST useful in determining the presence of AIDS antibodies?

Patient's serum, influenza virus, and red blood cells are mixed in a tube. What happens if the patient has antibodies against influenza virus?

Which of the following uses fluorescent- labeled antibodies?

Agglutination tests use particulate antigens while precipitation tests use soluble antigens.

Live polio virus can be used in a(n)

A patient's serum, Mycobacterium, guinea pig complement, sheep red blood cells, and anti- sheep red blood cell antibodies are mixed in a test tube. What happens if the patient has antibodies to Mycobacterium?

Adjuvants such as aluminum salts are used as additives in vaccines to enhance immune responses.

Which item is from the patient in a direct ELISA test?

Dead Bordetella pertussis can be used in a(n)

In a direct ELISA test to screen for drugs in a patient's urine, what is the third step in the test process?

The clumping of test cells indicates a negative test result in the

Blood typing tests are examples of hemagglutination reactions.

A reaction that uses the absence of hemolysis of red blood cells to indicate an antigen-antibody reaction is called a(n)

Monoclonal antibodies are used in diagnostic tests and disease treatments because they

The Microbial World and You

Chemical Principles

Observing Microorganisms Through a Microscope

Functional Anatomy of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

Microbial Metabolism

Microbial Growth

The Control of Microbial Growth

Microbial Genetics

Biotechnology and Recombinant Dna

Classification of Microorganisms

The Prokaryotes: Domains Bacteria and Archaea

The Eukaryotes: Fungi, Algae, Protozoa, and Helminths

Viruses, Viroids, and Prions

Principles of Disease and Epidemiology

Microbial Mechanisms of Pathogenicity

Innate Immunity: Nonspecific Defenses of the Host

Adaptive Immunity: Specific Defenses of the Host

Disorders Associated With the Immune System

Antimicrobial Drugs

Microbial Diseases of the Skin and Eyes

Microbial Diseases of the Nervous System

Microbial Diseases of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Microbial Diseases of the Respiratory System

Microbial Diseases of the Digestive System

Microbial Diseases of the Urinary and Reproductive Systems

Environmental Microbiology

Applied and Industrial Microbiology

Filters