Question 1

Low levels of estrogen inhibit the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary, whereas high levels of estrogen stimulate the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

An increase in the level of estrogen in the ovarian cycle feeds back to (increase/decrease) the secretion of FSH and to (increase/decrease) the secretion of LH.

Accepted Answer

A)  decrease; decrease 
B)  decrease; increase 
C)  increase; decrease 
D)  increase; increase 
A)  decrease; decrease 
B)  decrease; increase 
C)  increase; decrease 
D)  increase; increase

Question 3

Which of the following is not a function of the seminal vesicles?

Accepted Answer

A)  supplying fructose, which serves as the primary energy source for ejaculated sperm 
B)  secreting prostaglandins 
C)  secreting fibrinogen 
D)  secreting an alkaline fluid that neutralizes the acidic vaginal secretions 
E)  providing more than half the seminal fluid 
A)  supplying fructose, which serves as the primary energy source for ejaculated sperm 
B)  secreting prostaglandins 
C)  secreting fibrinogen 
D)  secreting an alkaline fluid that neutralizes the acidic vaginal secretions 
E)  providing more than half the seminal fluid

Question 4

Erection and ejaculation are both spinal reflexes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

The sperm's genetic information is located in the head of the sperm.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

An important function of the placenta is to serve as an anatomical barrier against maternal immune cells.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

The prostate gland

Accepted Answer

A)  secretes prostaglandins 
B)  supplies fructose, which is utilized by the sperm for energy production 
C)  secretes an alkaline medium that is important to neutralize acidic vaginal secretions 
D)  secretes prostaglandins and an alkaline medium that is important to neutralize acidic vaginal secretions 
E)  all of these 
A)  secretes prostaglandins 
B)  supplies fructose, which is utilized by the sperm for energy production 
C)  secretes an alkaline medium that is important to neutralize acidic vaginal secretions 
D)  secretes prostaglandins and an alkaline medium that is important to neutralize acidic vaginal secretions 
E)  all of these

Question 8

The placenta performs the functions of all of the following systems for the fetus except

Accepted Answer

A)  digestion 
B)  respiration 
C)  circulation 
D)  kidneys 
E)  none of these; the functions of all of these systems are performed by the placenta 
A)  digestion 
B)  respiration 
C)  circulation 
D)  kidneys 
E)  none of these; the functions of all of these systems are performed by the placenta

Question 9

Which statement is incorrect?

Accepted Answer

A)  Low levels of estrogen inhibit the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary in negative-feedback fashion. 
B)  Under the influence of estrogen from developing follicles, FSH and LH secretion both continue to decline throughout the follicular phase. 
C)  Both estrogen and progesterone are required to completely inhibit tonic LH secretion. 
D)  A high level of estrogen stimulates LH secretion and initiates the LH surge. 
E)  Progesterone powerfully inhibits both FSH and LH secretion. 
A)  Low levels of estrogen inhibit the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary in negative-feedback fashion. 
B)  Under the influence of estrogen from developing follicles, FSH and LH secretion both continue to decline throughout the follicular phase. 
C)  Both estrogen and progesterone are required to completely inhibit tonic LH secretion. 
D)  A high level of estrogen stimulates LH secretion and initiates the LH surge. 
E)  Progesterone powerfully inhibits both FSH and LH secretion.

Question 10

Ejaculation is a two-part reflex involving (1) contraction of the smooth muscle of the reproductive tract and accessory sex organs (emission), and (2) contraction of the skeletal muscles at the base of the penis (expulsion).

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

The release of GnRH inhibits the secretion of FSH.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

The normal sequence of developmental stages is

Accepted Answer

A)  blastocyst, morula, zygote, embryo, fetus 
B)  blastocyst, zygote, embryo, morula, fetus 
C)  morula, fetus, embryo, blastocyst, zygote 
D)  morula, zygote, fetus, blastocyst, embryo 
E)  zygote, morula, blastocyst, embryo, fetus 
A)  blastocyst, morula, zygote, embryo, fetus 
B)  blastocyst, zygote, embryo, morula, fetus 
C)  morula, fetus, embryo, blastocyst, zygote 
D)  morula, zygote, fetus, blastocyst, embryo 
E)  zygote, morula, blastocyst, embryo, fetus

Question 13

The process of oogenesis (from undifferentiated germ cell to released ovum) takes anywhere from 11 to 50 years to complete.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

In the male, the structure inferior to the bladder is the

Accepted Answer

A)  kidney 
B)  epididymis and vas deferens 
C)  seminal vesicles 
D)  prostate gland 
E)  penis 
A)  kidney 
B)  epididymis and vas deferens 
C)  seminal vesicles 
D)  prostate gland 
E)  penis

Question 15

Which of the following hormones is responsible for the development and maintenance of the secondary sexual characteristics?

Accepted Answer

A)  testosterone 
B)  estrogen 
C)  progesterone 
D)  testosterone and estrogen 
E)  all of these 
A)  testosterone 
B)  estrogen 
C)  progesterone 
D)  testosterone and estrogen 
E)  all of these

Question 16

In an embryo with an XX combination of sex chromosomes, the presence of estrogen from the embryonic ovary induces the development of female external genitalia and reproductive tract.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

An XX combination of sex chromosomes will always produce an anatomic female.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Which of the following statements about estrogen is incorrect?

Accepted Answer

A)  It promotes fat deposition. 
B)  It promotes closure of the epiphyseal plates. 
C)  It stimulates duct development in the breasts. 
D)  It causes the cervical mucus to become thick and sticky. 
E)  It enhances sperm transport to the site of fertilization by stimulating upward contractions of the uterus and oviduct. 
A)  It promotes fat deposition. 
B)  It promotes closure of the epiphyseal plates. 
C)  It stimulates duct development in the breasts. 
D)  It causes the cervical mucus to become thick and sticky. 
E)  It enhances sperm transport to the site of fertilization by stimulating upward contractions of the uterus and oviduct.

Question 19

Cryptorchidism is the descending of the testis through the inguinal canal.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Estrogen stimulates duct development in the breasts.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 20: A--The Reproductive System

Low levels of estrogen inhibit the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary, whereas high levels of estrogen stimulate the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary.

An increase in the level of estrogen in the ovarian cycle feeds back to (increase/decrease) the secretion of FSH and to (increase/decrease) the secretion of LH.

Which of the following is not a function of the seminal vesicles?

Erection and ejaculation are both spinal reflexes.

The sperm's genetic information is located in the head of the sperm.

An important function of the placenta is to serve as an anatomical barrier against maternal immune cells.

The prostate gland

The placenta performs the functions of all of the following systems for the fetus except

Which statement is incorrect?

Ejaculation is a two-part reflex involving (1) contraction of the smooth muscle of the reproductive tract and accessory sex organs (emission), and (2) contraction of the skeletal muscles at the base of the penis (expulsion).

The release of GnRH inhibits the secretion of FSH.

The normal sequence of developmental stages is

The process of oogenesis (from undifferentiated germ cell to released ovum) takes anywhere from 11 to 50 years to complete.

In the male, the structure inferior to the bladder is the

Which of the following hormones is responsible for the development and maintenance of the secondary sexual characteristics?

In an embryo with an XX combination of sex chromosomes, the presence of estrogen from the embryonic ovary induces the development of female external genitalia and reproductive tract.

An XX combination of sex chromosomes will always produce an anatomic female.

Which of the following statements about estrogen is incorrect?

Cryptorchidism is the descending of the testis through the inguinal canal.

Estrogen stimulates duct development in the breasts.

Introduction to Physiology and Homeostasis

Cell Physiology

The Plasma Membrane and Membrane Potential

Principles of Neural and Hormonal Communication

A--The Central Nervous System

B--The Central Nervous System

A--The Peripheral Nervous System: Afferent Division; Special Senses

B--The Peripheral Nervous System: Afferent Division; Special Senses

The Peripheral Nervous System: Efferent Division

A--Muscle Physiology

B--Muscle Physiology

A--Cardiac Physiology

B--Cardiac Physiology

The Blood Vessels and Blood Pressure

The Blood

Body Defenses

A--The Respiratory System

B--The Respiratory System

A--The Urinary System

B--The Urinary System

A--Fluid and Acid-Base Balance

B--Fluid and Acid-Base Balance

A--The Digestive System

B--The Digestive System

Energy Balance and Temperature Regulation

A--Principles of Endocrinology: the Central Endocrine Glands

B--Principles of Endocrinology: the Central Endocrine Glands

A--The Peripheral Endocrine Glands

B--The Peripheral Endocrine Glands

B--The Reproductive System

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