Question 1

A change in a membrane potential from -70 mV to -60mV is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  depolarization 
B)  hyperpolarization 
C)  polarization 
D)  repolarization 
E)  zero potential 
A)  depolarization 
B)  hyperpolarization 
C)  polarization 
D)  repolarization 
E)  zero potential

Question 2

Neuropeptides

Accepted Answer

A)  are sometimes co-secreted along with classical neurotransmitters 
B)  are synthesized in the cytosol of the axon terminal 
C)  act at the subsynaptic membrane of the postsynaptic neuron 
D)  all of these 
E)  are sometimes co-secreted along with classical neurotransmitters and are synthesized in the cytosol of the axon terminal 
A)  are sometimes co-secreted along with classical neurotransmitters 
B)  are synthesized in the cytosol of the axon terminal 
C)  act at the subsynaptic membrane of the postsynaptic neuron 
D)  all of these 
E)  are sometimes co-secreted along with classical neurotransmitters and are synthesized in the cytosol of the axon terminal

Question 3

The grand postsynaptic potential depends on the sum of activity of the presynaptic inputs.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Select the incorrect statement about the action potential.

Accepted Answer

A)  It has an all-or-none characteristic. 
B)  It has a refractory period. 
C)  It is triggered by depolarization to threshold. 
D)  It occurs along a plasma membrane. 
E)  It speeds up transmission by summation. 
A)  It has an all-or-none characteristic. 
B)  It has a refractory period. 
C)  It is triggered by depolarization to threshold. 
D)  It occurs along a plasma membrane. 
E)  It speeds up transmission by summation.

Question 5

Complete each of the following statments.
Intentional, programmed cell death is called ____________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Complete each of the following statments.
Intentional, programmed...

Question 6

Neuron A and neuron B release a minimal amount of neurotransmitter simultaneously onto neuron C, causing neuron C to experience an action potential. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  temporal summation 
B)  spatial summation 
C)  convergence 
D)  temporal summation and convergence 
E)  spatial summation and convergence 
A)  temporal summation 
B)  spatial summation 
C)  convergence 
D)  temporal summation and convergence 
E)  spatial summation and convergence

Question 7

Which of the following is responsible for the falling phase of an action potential?

Accepted Answer

A)  opening of Na+ gates 
B)  Na+-K+ pump restoring the ions to their original locations 
C)  greatly increased permeability to Na+ 
D)  ATP-ase destroying the energy supply that was maintaining the action potential at its peak 
E)  none of these 
A)  opening of Na+ gates 
B)  Na+-K+ pump restoring the ions to their original locations 
C)  greatly increased permeability to Na+ 
D)  ATP-ase destroying the energy supply that was maintaining the action potential at its peak 
E)  none of these

Question 8

Select the neuropeptide.

Accepted Answer

A)  acetylcholine 
B)  dopamine 
C)  epinephrine 
D)  cholecystokinin 
E)  glycine 
A)  acetylcholine 
B)  dopamine 
C)  epinephrine 
D)  cholecystokinin 
E)  glycine

Question 9

Tetanus toxin

Accepted Answer

A)  combines with glycine receptors, thus blocking the action of this inhibitory neurotransmitter 
B)  destroys dopamine in the region of the brain involved in controlling complex movements 
C)  prevents the release of GABA onto inputs terminating on neurons that supply skeletal muscles 
D)  promotes presynaptic facilitation 
E)  causes retrograde flow in axon 
A)  combines with glycine receptors, thus blocking the action of this inhibitory neurotransmitter 
B)  destroys dopamine in the region of the brain involved in controlling complex movements 
C)  prevents the release of GABA onto inputs terminating on neurons that supply skeletal muscles 
D)  promotes presynaptic facilitation 
E)  causes retrograde flow in axon

Question 10

An action potential on a neuron develops when

Accepted Answer

A)  threshold voltage is reached on an axon 
B)  voltage-gated Na+ channels open 
C)  spatial and/or temporal summation of graded potentials occurs to a great enough degree 
D)  the axon hillock reaches threshold 
E)  all of these 
A)  threshold voltage is reached on an axon 
B)  voltage-gated Na+ channels open 
C)  spatial and/or temporal summation of graded potentials occurs to a great enough degree 
D)  the axon hillock reaches threshold 
E)  all of these

Question 11

Complete each of the following statments.
Axons can range in length from less than a millimeter to over one ____________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Complete each of the following statments.
Axons can...

Question 12

Spatial summation occurs in a postsynaptic neuron

Accepted Answer

A)  when several EPSPs from a single presynaptic input sum to reach threshold 
B)  when EPSPs from several presynaptic inputs sum to reach threshold 
C)  upon simultaneous interaction of an EPSP and an IPSP 
D)  when several IPSPs from a single presynaptic input sum to hyperpolarize the membrane 
E)  none of these 
A)  when several EPSPs from a single presynaptic input sum to reach threshold 
B)  when EPSPs from several presynaptic inputs sum to reach threshold 
C)  upon simultaneous interaction of an EPSP and an IPSP 
D)  when several IPSPs from a single presynaptic input sum to hyperpolarize the membrane 
E)  none of these

Question 13

During the absolute refractory period, the voltage-gated Na+ channels are not capable of opening again in response to another triggering event.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Graded potentials

Accepted Answer

A)  are local changes in membrane potential that occur in varying degrees of magnitude 
B)  serve as short-distance signals 
C)  serve as long-distance signals 
D)  are local changes in membrane potential that occur in varying degrees of magnitude, and serve as short-distance signals 
E)  are local changes in membrane potential that occur in varying degrees of magnitude, and serve as long-distance signals 
A)  are local changes in membrane potential that occur in varying degrees of magnitude 
B)  serve as short-distance signals 
C)  serve as long-distance signals 
D)  are local changes in membrane potential that occur in varying degrees of magnitude, and serve as short-distance signals 
E)  are local changes in membrane potential that occur in varying degrees of magnitude, and serve as long-distance signals

Question 15

The passive current flow of a graded potential fades quickly.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

When chemically-gated Na+ channels open, the membrane

Accepted Answer

A)  hyperpolarizes 
B)  repolarizes 
C)  depolarizes 
D)  becomes more negative 
E)  is inhibited 
A)  hyperpolarizes 
B)  repolarizes 
C)  depolarizes 
D)  becomes more negative 
E)  is inhibited

Question 17

The nucleus of a neuron is housed in the

Accepted Answer

A)  axon 
B)  axon hillock 
C)  cell body 
D)  collaterals 
E)  dendrites 
A)  axon 
B)  axon hillock 
C)  cell body 
D)  collaterals 
E)  dendrites

Question 18

Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease in which the body's defense system erroneously attacks the myelin sheath surrounding myelinated nerve fibers.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

During the rising phase of the action potential:

Accepted Answer

A)  PK+ is much greater than PNa+. 
B)  PNa+ is much greater than PK+. 
C)  PK+ is the same as P Na+. 
D)  Na+ efflux occurs. 
E)  PNa+ is much greater than PK+, and Na+ efflux occurs. 
A)  PK+ is much greater than PNa+. 
B)  PNa+ is much greater than PK+. 
C)  PK+ is the same as P Na+. 
D)  Na+ efflux occurs. 
E)  PNa+ is much greater than PK+, and Na+ efflux occurs.

Question 20

Nerve fiber is another name for a dendrite on a neuron.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 4: Principles of Neural and Hormonal Communication

A change in a membrane potential from -70 mV to -60mV is an example of

Neuropeptides

The grand postsynaptic potential depends on the sum of activity of the presynaptic inputs.

Select the incorrect statement about the action potential.

Complete each of the following statments. Intentional, programmed cell death is called ____________________.

Neuron A and neuron B release a minimal amount of neurotransmitter simultaneously onto neuron C, causing neuron C to experience an action potential. This is an example of

Which of the following is responsible for the falling phase of an action potential?

Select the neuropeptide.

Tetanus toxin

An action potential on a neuron develops when

Complete each of the following statments. Axons can range in length from less than a millimeter to over one ____________________.

Spatial summation occurs in a postsynaptic neuron

During the absolute refractory period, the voltage-gated Na+ channels are not capable of opening again in response to another triggering event.

Graded potentials

The passive current flow of a graded potential fades quickly.

When chemically-gated Na+ channels open, the membrane

The nucleus of a neuron is housed in the

Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease in which the body's defense system erroneously attacks the myelin sheath surrounding myelinated nerve fibers.

During the rising phase of the action potential:

Nerve fiber is another name for a dendrite on a neuron.

Introduction to Physiology and Homeostasis

Cell Physiology

The Plasma Membrane and Membrane Potential

A--The Central Nervous System

B--The Central Nervous System

A--The Peripheral Nervous System: Afferent Division; Special Senses

B--The Peripheral Nervous System: Afferent Division; Special Senses

The Peripheral Nervous System: Efferent Division

A--Muscle Physiology

B--Muscle Physiology

A--Cardiac Physiology

B--Cardiac Physiology

The Blood Vessels and Blood Pressure

The Blood

Body Defenses

A--The Respiratory System

B--The Respiratory System

A--The Urinary System

B--The Urinary System

A--Fluid and Acid-Base Balance

B--Fluid and Acid-Base Balance

A--The Digestive System

B--The Digestive System

Energy Balance and Temperature Regulation

A--Principles of Endocrinology: the Central Endocrine Glands

B--Principles of Endocrinology: the Central Endocrine Glands

A--The Peripheral Endocrine Glands

B--The Peripheral Endocrine Glands

A--The Reproductive System

B--The Reproductive System

Filters

During the absolute refractory period, the voltage-gated Na⁺ channels are not capable of opening again in response to another triggering event.

When chemically-gated Na⁺ channels open, the membrane