Question 1

A functional syncytium

Accepted Answer

A)  refers to a pair of antagonistic muscles that function together to move a joint in two opposite directions 
B)  can be excited to contract as a unit because action potentials can be conducted from one cell to adjacent cells through gap junctions 
C)  refers to the functional junction between a smooth muscle fiber and an autonomic nerve ending 
D)  all of these 
E)  none of these 
A)  refers to a pair of antagonistic muscles that function together to move a joint in two opposite directions 
B)  can be excited to contract as a unit because action potentials can be conducted from one cell to adjacent cells through gap junctions 
C)  refers to the functional junction between a smooth muscle fiber and an autonomic nerve ending 
D)  all of these 
E)  none of these

Question 2

Which is not characteristic of smooth muscle?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is under involuntary control. 
B)  It does not have troponin. 
C)  Its contraction is initiated neurogenically only. 
D)  It is found in walls of hollow tube-like organs. 
E)  It is innervated by the ANS. 
A)  It is under involuntary control. 
B)  It does not have troponin. 
C)  Its contraction is initiated neurogenically only. 
D)  It is found in walls of hollow tube-like organs. 
E)  It is innervated by the ANS.

Question 3

Complete each of the following statments.
____________________ is the pigment that can store small amounts of oxygen in the skeletal muscle.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Complete each of the following statments.
____________________ is...

Question 4

Complete each of the following statments.
The metabolic process called ____________________ provides the most ATP molecules for use by muscle fibers contracting over a long period of time.

Accepted Answer

oxidative

Question 5

All skeletal muscles are attached to the skeleton.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Complete each of the following statments.
For every muscle there is an optimal length at which maximum ____________________ is achieved.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Complete each of the following statments.
For every...

Question 7

The two types of fast twitch fibers are interconvertible depending on the type of conditioning they receive.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

The strength and rate of contraction of the heart can be influenced by the autonomic nervous system.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

The sarcoplasmic reticulum stores ____ when a muscle is relaxed and releases it for binding to ____ during contraction.

Accepted Answer

A)  calcium; troponin 
B)  calcium; tropomyosin 
C)  sodium; tropomyosin 
D)  potassium; tropomyosin 
E)  sodium; troponin 
A)  calcium; troponin 
B)  calcium; tropomyosin 
C)  sodium; tropomyosin 
D)  potassium; tropomyosin 
E)  sodium; troponin

Question 10

According to the sliding filament mechanism of muscle contraction, the muscle fibers of one motor unit slide in closer together between the muscle fibers of adjacent motor units.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Based on the length-tension relationship,

Accepted Answer

A)  Stretching a skeletal muscle 30% longer than the lo results in a greater contraction. 
B)  Varying the amount of overlap of thick and thin filaments does not greatly affect contraction force as long as tension remains the same. 
C)  More tension develops if a muscle is 30%shorter than its resting length. 
D)  Muscle tension remains the same as long as the muscle's length is not more than $\pm$ 30% of the resting length. 
E)  A resting muscle that is shorter or longer than its lo will generate less tension at the onset of contraction. 
A)  Stretching a skeletal muscle 30% longer than the lo results in a greater contraction. 
B)  Varying the amount of overlap of thick and thin filaments does not greatly affect contraction force as long as tension remains the same. 
C)  More tension develops if a muscle is 30%shorter than its resting length. 
D)  Muscle tension remains the same as long as the muscle's length is not more than $\pm$ 30% of the resting length. 
E)  A resting muscle that is shorter or longer than its lo will generate less tension at the onset of contraction.

Question 12

A motor unit is a single muscle plus all of the motor neurons that innervate it.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Submaximal isometric contractions are important for

Accepted Answer

A)  moving large objects 
B)  walking 
C)  maintaining posture 
D)  writing 
E)  walking and maintaining posture 
A)  moving large objects 
B)  walking 
C)  maintaining posture 
D)  writing 
E)  walking and maintaining posture

Question 14

Muscle relaxation does not take place until all of the ATP is used up.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

The M line is formed by a flattened disc-like cytoskeletal protein that connects the thin filaments of two adjoining sarcomeres.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

The first means by which ATP is produced at the onset of contractile activity is

Accepted Answer

A)  transfer of energy and phosphate from creatine phosphate to ADP 
B)  oxidative phosphorylation 
C)  glycolysis 
D)  degradation of myoglobin 
E)  none of these 
A)  transfer of energy and phosphate from creatine phosphate to ADP 
B)  oxidative phosphorylation 
C)  glycolysis 
D)  degradation of myoglobin 
E)  none of these

Question 17

With eccentric muscle contractions:

Accepted Answer

A)  Development of tension occurs at constant muscle length. 
B)  Muscle lengthens while contracting. 
C)  Muscle shortens while contracting. 
D)  Muscle length and tension vary throughout a range of motion. 
E)  None of these. 
A)  Development of tension occurs at constant muscle length. 
B)  Muscle lengthens while contracting. 
C)  Muscle shortens while contracting. 
D)  Muscle length and tension vary throughout a range of motion. 
E)  None of these.

Question 18

Myosin is

Accepted Answer

A)  spherical 
B)  attached to tropomyosin 
C)  a regulatory protein 
D)  all of these 
E)  none of these 
A)  spherical 
B)  attached to tropomyosin 
C)  a regulatory protein 
D)  all of these 
E)  none of these

Question 19

Troponin

Accepted Answer

A)  binds with calcium to allow sarcomere shortening 
B)  breaks down myosin cross bridges 
C)  is an enzyme in the sarcomere 
D)  forms the boundaries of a sarcomere 
E)  all of these, except forms the boundaries of a sarcomere 
A)  binds with calcium to allow sarcomere shortening 
B)  breaks down myosin cross bridges 
C)  is an enzyme in the sarcomere 
D)  forms the boundaries of a sarcomere 
E)  all of these, except forms the boundaries of a sarcomere

Exam 8: A--Muscle Physiology

A functional syncytium

Which is not characteristic of smooth muscle?

Complete each of the following statments. ____________________ is the pigment that can store small amounts of oxygen in the skeletal muscle.

Complete each of the following statments. The metabolic process called ____________________ provides the most ATP molecules for use by muscle fibers contracting over a long period of time.

All skeletal muscles are attached to the skeleton.

Complete each of the following statments. For every muscle there is an optimal length at which maximum ____________________ is achieved.

The two types of fast twitch fibers are interconvertible depending on the type of conditioning they receive.

The strength and rate of contraction of the heart can be influenced by the autonomic nervous system.

The sarcoplasmic reticulum stores ____ when a muscle is relaxed and releases it for binding to ____ during contraction.

According to the sliding filament mechanism of muscle contraction, the muscle fibers of one motor unit slide in closer together between the muscle fibers of adjacent motor units.

Based on the length-tension relationship,

A motor unit is a single muscle plus all of the motor neurons that innervate it.

Submaximal isometric contractions are important for

Muscle relaxation does not take place until all of the ATP is used up.

The M line is formed by a flattened disc-like cytoskeletal protein that connects the thin filaments of two adjoining sarcomeres.

The first means by which ATP is produced at the onset of contractile activity is

With eccentric muscle contractions:

Myosin is

Troponin

Introduction to Physiology and Homeostasis

Cell Physiology

The Plasma Membrane and Membrane Potential

Principles of Neural and Hormonal Communication

A--The Central Nervous System

B--The Central Nervous System

A--The Peripheral Nervous System: Afferent Division; Special Senses

B--The Peripheral Nervous System: Afferent Division; Special Senses

The Peripheral Nervous System: Efferent Division

B--Muscle Physiology

A--Cardiac Physiology

B--Cardiac Physiology

The Blood Vessels and Blood Pressure

The Blood

Body Defenses

A--The Respiratory System

B--The Respiratory System

A--The Urinary System

B--The Urinary System

A--Fluid and Acid-Base Balance

B--Fluid and Acid-Base Balance

A--The Digestive System

B--The Digestive System

Energy Balance and Temperature Regulation

A--Principles of Endocrinology: the Central Endocrine Glands

B--Principles of Endocrinology: the Central Endocrine Glands

A--The Peripheral Endocrine Glands

B--The Peripheral Endocrine Glands

A--The Reproductive System

B--The Reproductive System

Filters

The sarcoplasmic reticulum stores when a muscle is relaxed and releases it for binding to during contraction.