Question 1

The major cause of the resting potential is the cell membrane's

Accepted Answer

A)  negative ion pump. 
B)  open K+ ion channels. 
C)  sodium‒potassium pump. 
D)  voltage-gated ion channels. 
E)  stretch-gated ion channels. 
A)  negative ion pump. 
B)  open K+ ion channels. 
C)  sodium‒potassium pump. 
D)  voltage-gated ion channels. 
E)  stretch-gated ion channels.

Question 2

An action potential that is transmitted from one neuron to another will most likely enter the postsynaptic neuron via the _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of An action potential that is transmitted from...

Question 3

The structure in the ear that is most directly responsible for the ability to discriminate different pitches of sound is the

Accepted Answer

A)  oval window. 
B)  round window. 
C)  basilar membrane. 
D)  tectorial membrane. 
E)  tympanic membrane. 
A)  oval window. 
B)  round window. 
C)  basilar membrane. 
D)  tectorial membrane. 
E)  tympanic membrane.

Question 4

After a neurotransmitter diffuses across the synaptic cleft,what is the next action that occurs in transmission of an action potential?

Accepted Answer

A)  Neurotransmitter molecules immediately depolarize the postsynaptic membrane. 
B)  Neurotransmitter molecules bind to receptor proteins in the postsynaptic membrane. 
C)  A delay occurs while receptor proteins are synthesized in the postsynaptic membrane. 
D)  A delay occurs while neurotransmitter molecules are transformed into ions that carry the action potential. 
E)  A single neurotransmitter molecule immediately triggers an action potential in the postsynaptic membrane. 
A)  Neurotransmitter molecules immediately depolarize the postsynaptic membrane. 
B)  Neurotransmitter molecules bind to receptor proteins in the postsynaptic membrane. 
C)  A delay occurs while receptor proteins are synthesized in the postsynaptic membrane. 
D)  A delay occurs while neurotransmitter molecules are transformed into ions that carry the action potential. 
E)  A single neurotransmitter molecule immediately triggers an action potential in the postsynaptic membrane.

Question 5

What is one major difference between an insect ganglion and a human ganglion?

Accepted Answer

A)  There is no difference;both refer to a cluster of neurons. 
B)  Insects have only a single ganglion;humans have many. 
C)  Insect ganglions are in the CNS;human ganglions are in the PNS. 
D)  Insect ganglions are in the PNS;human ganglions are in the CNS. 
E)  Insect ganglions contain only neuron cell bodies;human ganglions contain entire neurons. 
A)  There is no difference;both refer to a cluster of neurons. 
B)  Insects have only a single ganglion;humans have many. 
C)  Insect ganglions are in the CNS;human ganglions are in the PNS. 
D)  Insect ganglions are in the PNS;human ganglions are in the CNS. 
E)  Insect ganglions contain only neuron cell bodies;human ganglions contain entire neurons.

Question 6

Sneezing normally occurs when irritation in the nasal cavity sends a signal through the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve to the brainstem.When a person sneezes in bright sunlight,what is most likely happening in the person's sensory system?

Accepted Answer

A)  Stimulation of sensory receptors in the eye sends impulses to the visual cortex. 
B)  Stimulation of sensory receptors in the nasal cavity sends impulses to the visual cortex. 
C)  Stimulation of sensory receptors in the eye sends impulses to the trigeminal nerve and brainstem. 
D)  Stimulation of sensory receptors in the nasal cavity sends impulses to the trigeminal nerve and brainstem. 
E)  Stimulation of the optic nerve triggers action potentials in the nearby trigeminal nerve,which sends impulses to the brainstem. 
A)  Stimulation of sensory receptors in the eye sends impulses to the visual cortex. 
B)  Stimulation of sensory receptors in the nasal cavity sends impulses to the visual cortex. 
C)  Stimulation of sensory receptors in the eye sends impulses to the trigeminal nerve and brainstem. 
D)  Stimulation of sensory receptors in the nasal cavity sends impulses to the trigeminal nerve and brainstem. 
E)  Stimulation of the optic nerve triggers action potentials in the nearby trigeminal nerve,which sends impulses to the brainstem.

Question 7

Na+ channels in a membrane open,allowing sodium ions to diffuse into a neuron.The membrane potential changes from -70 mV to -65 mV.This membrane response can best be described as

Accepted Answer

A)  equilibrium. 
B)  hyperpolarization. 
C)  graded depolarization. 
D)  all-or-none depolarization. 
E)  the generation of an action potential. 
A)  equilibrium. 
B)  hyperpolarization. 
C)  graded depolarization. 
D)  all-or-none depolarization. 
E)  the generation of an action potential.

Question 8

For summation of membrane potentials and subsequent generation of an action potential to occur,all incoming synaptic potentials must

Accepted Answer

A)  be excitatory (EPSPs). 
B)  be inhibitory (IPSPs). 
C)  originate at the same time and place. 
D)  originate from the same place,although they may occur at separate times. 
E)  originate at the same time,although they may come from separate places. 
A)  be excitatory (EPSPs). 
B)  be inhibitory (IPSPs). 
C)  originate at the same time and place. 
D)  originate from the same place,although they may occur at separate times. 
E)  originate at the same time,although they may come from separate places.

Question 9

Adaptations such as myelinated axons and axons with large diameters would be most useful for which type of organisms?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sedentary animals 
B)  Slow-moving burrowers 
C)  Animals with toxic stings 
D)  Animals with protective shells 
E)  Fast-moving predator or prey animals 
A)  Sedentary animals 
B)  Slow-moving burrowers 
C)  Animals with toxic stings 
D)  Animals with protective shells 
E)  Fast-moving predator or prey animals

Question 10

Neurotransmitter receptors that are G protein‒linked and produce slow,long-lived responses are _______ receptors.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Neurotransmitter receptors that are G protein‒linked and...

Question 11

A neuron is said to be "addressed" because it is able to

Accepted Answer

A)  carry an impulse very rapidly. 
B)  carry an impulse long distances. 
C)  travel in more than one direction. 
D)  convey impulses to a specific location in the CNS. 
E)  receive communications from other cells. 
A)  carry an impulse very rapidly. 
B)  carry an impulse long distances. 
C)  travel in more than one direction. 
D)  convey impulses to a specific location in the CNS. 
E)  receive communications from other cells.

Question 12

What characteristic is found in the visual systems of all types of organisms?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ommatidia 
B)  Color vision 
C)  Image-forming eyes 
D)  The visual protein rhodopsin 
E)  The same type of mechanoreceptor 
A)  Ommatidia 
B)  Color vision 
C)  Image-forming eyes 
D)  The visual protein rhodopsin 
E)  The same type of mechanoreceptor

Question 13

A voltage is a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  action potential. 
B)  electrical potential difference. 
C)  flow of electrically charged particles. 
D)  electrical difference within a bulk solution. 
E)  electrical difference within mixed positive and negative charges. 
A)  action potential. 
B)  electrical potential difference. 
C)  flow of electrically charged particles. 
D)  electrical difference within a bulk solution. 
E)  electrical difference within mixed positive and negative charges.

Question 14

When you decide to mark a particular answer to this question,and your nervous system sends the command to your hand to do so,the command is carried to your muscles by

Accepted Answer

A)  glial cells. 
B)  synapses. 
C)  interneurons. 
D)  afferent neurons. 
E)  efferent neurons. 
A)  glial cells. 
B)  synapses. 
C)  interneurons. 
D)  afferent neurons. 
E)  efferent neurons.

Question 15

Which sound characteristic can a mammal differentiate that an insect cannot?

Accepted Answer

A)  Loudness 
B)  Frequency 
C)  Vibrations 
D)  Presence or absence 
E)  Distance from listener 
A)  Loudness 
B)  Frequency 
C)  Vibrations 
D)  Presence or absence 
E)  Distance from listener

Question 16

A large amount of space in the sensory and motor regions of the cerebral cortex is devoted to neurons associated with the lips,face,and hands.This suggests that,compared with other parts of the body,these locations are

Accepted Answer

A)  more sensitive. 
B)  less sensitive. 
C)  harder to control. 
D)  better understood. 
E)  necessary for learning. 
A)  more sensitive. 
B)  less sensitive. 
C)  harder to control. 
D)  better understood. 
E)  necessary for learning.

Question 17

When the human eye is subjected to very bright light,the eye adjusts to decrease the amount of light entering.This is done by

Accepted Answer

A)  constricting the iris muscles. 
B)  relaxing the iris muscles. 
C)  changing the shape of the lens. 
D)  increasing the distance between the lens and retina. 
E)  decreasing the distance between the lens and retina. 
A)  constricting the iris muscles. 
B)  relaxing the iris muscles. 
C)  changing the shape of the lens. 
D)  increasing the distance between the lens and retina. 
E)  decreasing the distance between the lens and retina.

Question 18

What is one purpose for mapping regions of the brain to show the type of activity that occurs there?
Answer Key

Accepted Answer

Brain mapping can increase our understan

Question 19

Cnidarians,such as corals and sea anemones,are sedentary,or nearly so.These animals have nerve nets,rather than centralized nervous systems with cephalization.Why would sedentary animals be less likely to have evolved these specializations?

Accepted Answer

Sedentary animals do not carry out rapid

Question 20

Assume that several thousand presynaptic neurons synapse with a single postsynaptic neuron.The various presynaptic neurons release ten different neurotransmitters,which are bound by specific (and varying)receptors on the postsynaptic neuron.For an action potential to be generated in the postsynaptic neuron,what must occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  All neurotransmitter receptors must be ionotropic. 
B)  All neurotransmitter receptors must be metabotropic. 
C)  All postsynaptic potentials must be greater than the threshold potential. 
D)  There must be more IPSPs than EPSPs occurring at the same time and place. 
E)  The postsynaptic potentials occurring at a single time must sum to a value greater than the threshold potential. 
A)  All neurotransmitter receptors must be ionotropic. 
B)  All neurotransmitter receptors must be metabotropic. 
C)  All postsynaptic potentials must be greater than the threshold potential. 
D)  There must be more IPSPs than EPSPs occurring at the same time and place. 
E)  The postsynaptic potentials occurring at a single time must sum to a value greater than the threshold potential.

Exam 34: Neurons, Sense Organs, and Nervous Systems

The major cause of the resting potential is the cell membrane's

An action potential that is transmitted from one neuron to another will most likely enter the postsynaptic neuron via the _______.

The structure in the ear that is most directly responsible for the ability to discriminate different pitches of sound is the

After a neurotransmitter diffuses across the synaptic cleft,what is the next action that occurs in transmission of an action potential?

What is one major difference between an insect ganglion and a human ganglion?

Sneezing normally occurs when irritation in the nasal cavity sends a signal through the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve to the brainstem.When a person sneezes in bright sunlight,what is most likely happening in the person's sensory system?

Na+ channels in a membrane open,allowing sodium ions to diffuse into a neuron.The membrane potential changes from -70 mV to -65 mV.This membrane response can best be described as

For summation of membrane potentials and subsequent generation of an action potential to occur,all incoming synaptic potentials must

Adaptations such as myelinated axons and axons with large diameters would be most useful for which type of organisms?

Neurotransmitter receptors that are G protein‒linked and produce slow,long-lived responses are _______ receptors.

A neuron is said to be "addressed" because it is able to

What characteristic is found in the visual systems of all types of organisms?

A voltage is a(n)

When you decide to mark a particular answer to this question,and your nervous system sends the command to your hand to do so,the command is carried to your muscles by

Which sound characteristic can a mammal differentiate that an insect cannot?

A large amount of space in the sensory and motor regions of the cerebral cortex is devoted to neurons associated with the lips,face,and hands.This suggests that,compared with other parts of the body,these locations are

When the human eye is subjected to very bright light,the eye adjusts to decrease the amount of light entering.This is done by

What is one purpose for mapping regions of the brain to show the type of activity that occurs there? Answer Key

Cnidarians,such as corals and sea anemones,are sedentary,or nearly so.These animals have nerve nets,rather than centralized nervous systems with cephalization.Why would sedentary animals be less likely to have evolved these specializations?

Introduction

The Chemistry and Energy of Life

Nucleic Acids, Proteins, and Enzymes

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes and Signaling

Pathways That Harvest and Store Chemical Energy

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

DNA and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Biotechnology

Genes, Development, and Evolution

Processes of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Speciation

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria, Archaea, and Viruses

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

The Evolution of Plants

The Evolution and Diversity of Fungi

Animal Origins and Diversity

The Plant Body

Plant Nutrition and Transport

Plant Growth and Development

Reproduction of Flowering Plants

Plants in the Environment

Fundamentals of Animal Function

Nutrition and Digestion

Breathing

Circulation

Muscle and Movement

Nervous and Endocrine Control

Water and Salts: Excretion

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Behavior

The Distribution of Earths Ecological Systems

Populations

Ecological and Evolutionary Consequences of Interactions Within and Among Species

Ecological Communities

The Global Ecosystem

Filters

Na⁺ channels in a membrane open,allowing sodium ions to diffuse into a neuron.The membrane potential changes from -70 mV to -65 mV.This membrane response can best be described as