Question 1

A rat and a species of bird are approximately the same size.How would the sizes of their brains compare?

Accepted Answer

A)  The rat's brain would be about 10 times larger. 
B)  The bird's brain would be about 10 times larger. 
C)  The rat's brain would be about twice as large. 
D)  The bird's brain would be about twice as large. 
E)  The brains would be approximately the same size. 
A)  The rat's brain would be about 10 times larger. 
B)  The bird's brain would be about 10 times larger. 
C)  The rat's brain would be about twice as large. 
D)  The bird's brain would be about twice as large. 
E)  The brains would be approximately the same size.

Question 2

All sensory information enters the brain in the form of electrical impulses,or action potentials.The brain determines the source of the sensory information based on the

Accepted Answer

A)  pattern of the signals. 
B)  strength of the signals. 
C)  frequency of the signals. 
D)  time at which the signals arrive. 
E)  location at which the signals arrive. 
A)  pattern of the signals. 
B)  strength of the signals. 
C)  frequency of the signals. 
D)  time at which the signals arrive. 
E)  location at which the signals arrive.

Question 3

In the saltatory conduction of action potentials,the nerve impulses jump from one node of Ranvier to another.This occurs because

Accepted Answer

A)  only the nodes contain neurotransmitters. 
B)  the nodes are very well insulated and conduct impulses rapidly. 
C)  jumping from node to node prevents the impulse from traveling backward. 
D)  jumping from node to node ensures that the impulse travels slowly and evenly. 
E)  the membrane regions between nodes are well insulated and cannot conduct electrical impulses. 
A)  only the nodes contain neurotransmitters. 
B)  the nodes are very well insulated and conduct impulses rapidly. 
C)  jumping from node to node prevents the impulse from traveling backward. 
D)  jumping from node to node ensures that the impulse travels slowly and evenly. 
E)  the membrane regions between nodes are well insulated and cannot conduct electrical impulses.

Question 4

Hair cells (mechanoreceptors)in the ear that synapse with neurons and transduce auditory information into electric signals are found in the

Accepted Answer

A)  oval window. 
B)  organ of Corti. 
C)  semicircular canals. 
D)  tympanic membrane. 
E)  vestibular apparatus. 
A)  oval window. 
B)  organ of Corti. 
C)  semicircular canals. 
D)  tympanic membrane. 
E)  vestibular apparatus.

Question 5

Following an action potential,a neuron undergoes a resting,or _______,period during which it cannot generate another action potential.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Following an action potential,a neuron undergoes a...

Question 6

The initial event of an action potential is the flow of _______ ions across the cell membrane and into the cell.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The initial event of an action potential...

Question 7

The value of the potassium equilibrium potential can be calculated using the _______ equation.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The value of the potassium equilibrium potential...

Question 8

Before depolarization of a neuron can occur and an action potential can be generated,the membrane potential must rise above the _______ potential.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Before depolarization of a neuron can occur...

Question 9

What purpose do the various cell layers of the retina (other than the rods and cones)serve in the visual process?

Accepted Answer

A)  They increase the amount of light received. 
B)  They protect the rods and cones from receiving too much light. 
C)  They process visual signals to obtain more precise visual information. 
D)  They speed up transmission by immediately transducing light into electric signals. 
E)  They each produce a complete image,all of which come together at the optic nerve. 
A)  They increase the amount of light received. 
B)  They protect the rods and cones from receiving too much light. 
C)  They process visual signals to obtain more precise visual information. 
D)  They speed up transmission by immediately transducing light into electric signals. 
E)  They each produce a complete image,all of which come together at the optic nerve.

Question 10

The region of the brain that is most concerned with learning,memory,sensory perception,and conscious behavior is the highly folded outer region,which is called the _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The region of the brain that is...

Question 11

Sodium (Na+)is unable to cross a membrane until a local change in the membrane potential occurs.This suggests that Na+ transfer across membranes is controlled by a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  voltage-gated ion channel. 
B)  ligand-gated ion channel. 
C)  stretch-gated ion channel. 
D)  ion channel that is always open. 
E)  ion channel that is always closed. 
A)  voltage-gated ion channel. 
B)  ligand-gated ion channel. 
C)  stretch-gated ion channel. 
D)  ion channel that is always open. 
E)  ion channel that is always closed.

Question 12

Given the structure of the cerebral hemispheres,if an action potential originating in the retina of the eye were accidentally routed to the brain area that interprets smells,how would the action potential most likely be perceived?

Accepted Answer

A)  As an image,because it originated in the retina 
B)  As an image,because sight-based action potentials are recognized as such 
C)  As a smell,because it would be interpreted in the smell area 
D)  As a smell,because the action potential changes to match its destination 
E)  Neither;it would be lost because the stimulus was misrouted. 
A)  As an image,because it originated in the retina 
B)  As an image,because sight-based action potentials are recognized as such 
C)  As a smell,because it would be interpreted in the smell area 
D)  As a smell,because the action potential changes to match its destination 
E)  Neither;it would be lost because the stimulus was misrouted.

Question 13

What is the difference between a nerve and a neuron?

Accepted Answer

A)  A neuron is the body of a nerve. 
B)  Nerves nourish and support neurons. 
C)  A nerve is a bundle of axons from multiple neurons. 
D)  Nerves carry information away from the brain;neurons carry it to the brain. 
E)  There is no difference;the terms describe the same structure. 
A)  A neuron is the body of a nerve. 
B)  Nerves nourish and support neurons. 
C)  A nerve is a bundle of axons from multiple neurons. 
D)  Nerves carry information away from the brain;neurons carry it to the brain. 
E)  There is no difference;the terms describe the same structure.

Question 14

An axon travels from the spinal cord to the legs.It is surrounded by a concentric ring of lipid-rich cell membrane that insulates the axon and speeds up its transmission of electrical impulses.This covering is composed of

Accepted Answer

A)  synapses. 
B)  dendrites. 
C)  Schwann cells. 
D)  nodes of Ranvier. 
E)  oligodendrocytes. 
A)  synapses. 
B)  dendrites. 
C)  Schwann cells. 
D)  nodes of Ranvier. 
E)  oligodendrocytes.

Question 15

Which type of neurotransmitter is released at the neuromuscular junction of vertebrates?

Accepted Answer

A)  Dopamine 
B)  Serotonin 
C)  Glutamate 
D)  Acetylcholine 
E)  Norepinephrine 
A)  Dopamine 
B)  Serotonin 
C)  Glutamate 
D)  Acetylcholine 
E)  Norepinephrine

Question 16

Normally,a person has three types of rhodopsin in his or her cone cells and another type in the rod cells.What would happen to the person's vision if one of the three types of cone cells was missing or became nonfunctional?

Accepted Answer

The person would still be able to see bl

Question 17

Transduction of information in sensory receptor cells results in a change from

Accepted Answer

A)  stimulus energy to electrical energy. 
B)  electrical energy to stimulus energy. 
C)  a physical form to a chemical form. 
D)  an action potential to a synaptic signal. 
E)  a high-energy form to a low-energy form. 
A)  stimulus energy to electrical energy. 
B)  electrical energy to stimulus energy. 
C)  a physical form to a chemical form. 
D)  an action potential to a synaptic signal. 
E)  a high-energy form to a low-energy form.

Question 18

Neurotransmitters that depolarize the postsynaptic membrane bring about a(n)_______ postsynaptic potential.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Neurotransmitters that depolarize the postsynaptic membrane bring...

Question 19

Compared to an ionotropic receptor cell,a metabotropic receptor cell is more likely to have a

Accepted Answer

A)  greater sensitivity to stimuli. 
B)  larger membrane surface area. 
C)  ligand-gated Na+ channel receptor protein. 
D)  receptor protein that is a G protein or activates one. 
E)  receptor protein that always directly generates an action potential. 
A)  greater sensitivity to stimuli. 
B)  larger membrane surface area. 
C)  ligand-gated Na+ channel receptor protein. 
D)  receptor protein that is a G protein or activates one. 
E)  receptor protein that always directly generates an action potential.

Question 20

The membranes that serve as hearing organs in many animals receive sound stimuli in the form of high and low _______ waves.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The membranes that serve as hearing organs...

Exam 34: Neurons, Sense Organs, and Nervous Systems

A rat and a species of bird are approximately the same size.How would the sizes of their brains compare?

All sensory information enters the brain in the form of electrical impulses,or action potentials.The brain determines the source of the sensory information based on the

In the saltatory conduction of action potentials,the nerve impulses jump from one node of Ranvier to another.This occurs because

Hair cells (mechanoreceptors)in the ear that synapse with neurons and transduce auditory information into electric signals are found in the

Following an action potential,a neuron undergoes a resting,or _______,period during which it cannot generate another action potential.

The initial event of an action potential is the flow of _______ ions across the cell membrane and into the cell.

The value of the potassium equilibrium potential can be calculated using the _______ equation.

Before depolarization of a neuron can occur and an action potential can be generated,the membrane potential must rise above the _______ potential.

What purpose do the various cell layers of the retina (other than the rods and cones)serve in the visual process?

The region of the brain that is most concerned with learning,memory,sensory perception,and conscious behavior is the highly folded outer region,which is called the _______.

Sodium (Na+)is unable to cross a membrane until a local change in the membrane potential occurs.This suggests that Na+ transfer across membranes is controlled by a(n)

Given the structure of the cerebral hemispheres,if an action potential originating in the retina of the eye were accidentally routed to the brain area that interprets smells,how would the action potential most likely be perceived?

What is the difference between a nerve and a neuron?

An axon travels from the spinal cord to the legs.It is surrounded by a concentric ring of lipid-rich cell membrane that insulates the axon and speeds up its transmission of electrical impulses.This covering is composed of

Which type of neurotransmitter is released at the neuromuscular junction of vertebrates?

Normally,a person has three types of rhodopsin in his or her cone cells and another type in the rod cells.What would happen to the person's vision if one of the three types of cone cells was missing or became nonfunctional?

Transduction of information in sensory receptor cells results in a change from

Neurotransmitters that depolarize the postsynaptic membrane bring about a(n)_______ postsynaptic potential.

Compared to an ionotropic receptor cell,a metabotropic receptor cell is more likely to have a

The membranes that serve as hearing organs in many animals receive sound stimuli in the form of high and low _______ waves.

Introduction

The Chemistry and Energy of Life

Nucleic Acids, Proteins, and Enzymes

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes and Signaling

Pathways That Harvest and Store Chemical Energy

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

DNA and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Biotechnology

Genes, Development, and Evolution

Processes of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Speciation

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria, Archaea, and Viruses

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

The Evolution of Plants

The Evolution and Diversity of Fungi

Animal Origins and Diversity

The Plant Body

Plant Nutrition and Transport

Plant Growth and Development

Reproduction of Flowering Plants

Plants in the Environment

Fundamentals of Animal Function

Nutrition and Digestion

Breathing

Circulation

Muscle and Movement

Nervous and Endocrine Control

Water and Salts: Excretion

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Behavior

The Distribution of Earths Ecological Systems

Populations

Ecological and Evolutionary Consequences of Interactions Within and Among Species

Ecological Communities

The Global Ecosystem

Filters

Sodium (Na⁺)is unable to cross a membrane until a local change in the membrane potential occurs.This suggests that Na⁺ transfer across membranes is controlled by a(n)