Question 1

Suppose an ion channel opens and allows the influx of chloride (Cl-),a negative ion,into a cell.Which change would occur in the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

A)  Equilibrium 
B)  Hyperpolarization 
C)  Graded depolarization 
D)  All-or-none depolarization 
E)  Generation of an action potential 
A)  Equilibrium 
B)  Hyperpolarization 
C)  Graded depolarization 
D)  All-or-none depolarization 
E)  Generation of an action potential

Question 2

Neurons that transmit information from sensory cells to the central nervous system are part of the

Accepted Answer

A)  brain. 
B)  nerve net. 
C)  spinal cord. 
D)  central nervous system. 
E)  peripheral nervous system. 
A)  brain. 
B)  nerve net. 
C)  spinal cord. 
D)  central nervous system. 
E)  peripheral nervous system.

Question 3

Which of these is not a characteristic of an action potential?

Accepted Answer

A)  It lasts approximately one millisecond. 
B)  It decreases in size as it moves down the axon. 
C)  It is localized in one region of the neuron membrane at any given moment. 
D)  It causes a reversal of polarity in the neuron membrane. 
E)  It propagates along the axon when each axonal region stimulates the next. 
A)  It lasts approximately one millisecond. 
B)  It decreases in size as it moves down the axon. 
C)  It is localized in one region of the neuron membrane at any given moment. 
D)  It causes a reversal of polarity in the neuron membrane. 
E)  It propagates along the axon when each axonal region stimulates the next.

Question 4

Which statement about sensory receptor cells is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are modified neurons. 
B)  They generate action potentials. 
C)  They carry out sensory transduction. 
D)  They respond to any type of stimulus. 
E)  They are specific for only one type of stimulus. 
A)  They are modified neurons. 
B)  They generate action potentials. 
C)  They carry out sensory transduction. 
D)  They respond to any type of stimulus. 
E)  They are specific for only one type of stimulus.

Question 5

The middle ear assists the processing of auditory information by converting _______ pressure waves into _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  air;nerve impulses 
B)  air;hair cell movements 
C)  air;fluid pressure waves 
D)  fluid;nerve impulses 
E)  fluid;air pressure waves 
A)  air;nerve impulses 
B)  air;hair cell movements 
C)  air;fluid pressure waves 
D)  fluid;nerve impulses 
E)  fluid;air pressure waves

Question 6

Is a spinal reflex such as the knee-jerk response controlled by the autonomic nervous system or by the voluntary nervous system?

Accepted Answer

A)  Autonomic,because it happens automatically 
B)  Autonomic,because it does not involve the brain 
C)  Voluntary,because it involves skeletal muscle activity 
D)  Voluntary,because it involves both sensory and motor neurons 
E)  None of the above;it is neither voluntary nor autonomic. 
A)  Autonomic,because it happens automatically 
B)  Autonomic,because it does not involve the brain 
C)  Voluntary,because it involves skeletal muscle activity 
D)  Voluntary,because it involves both sensory and motor neurons 
E)  None of the above;it is neither voluntary nor autonomic.

Question 7

If a star-nosed mole lost the use of its star-shaped sensory organ,it would be unable to find food by

Accepted Answer

A)  smelling. 
B)  touching. 
C)  tasting. 
D)  seeing. 
E)  hearing. 
A)  smelling. 
B)  touching. 
C)  tasting. 
D)  seeing. 
E)  hearing.

Question 8

When you eat a very large meal,sensors in your stomach stretch and your body greatly increases its production of digestive enzymes.Which component of the nervous system is controlling this response?

Accepted Answer

A)  Parasympathetic,because intestinal activity is being stimulated 
B)  Sympathetic,because this system stimulates most body functions 
C)  Sympathetic,because your body is mobilizing for action 
D)  Voluntary,because the eating was voluntary 
E)  Parasympathetic,because this system is inhibitory to all bodily functions 
A)  Parasympathetic,because intestinal activity is being stimulated 
B)  Sympathetic,because this system stimulates most body functions 
C)  Sympathetic,because your body is mobilizing for action 
D)  Voluntary,because the eating was voluntary 
E)  Parasympathetic,because this system is inhibitory to all bodily functions

Question 9

Refer to the diagram below.Name the process occurring and briefly describe how it is occurring.

Accepted Answer

This diagram shows the movement of a ner

Question 10

The release of acetylcholine at a neuromuscular junction is dependent on the action of voltage-gated _______ channels.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The release of acetylcholine at a neuromuscular...

Question 11

Brushing against a doorway as you enter a room will trigger which type of sensory response?

Accepted Answer

A)  Metabotropic 
B)  Chemoreceptor 
C)  Thermoreceptor 
D)  Mechanoreceptor 
E)  Second messenger cascade 
A)  Metabotropic 
B)  Chemoreceptor 
C)  Thermoreceptor 
D)  Mechanoreceptor 
E)  Second messenger cascade

Question 12

A sea anemone has radial symmetry;its touch receptors and eye spots are located all around its circular body.A deer has large eyes and ears and a sensitive nose,all of which are clustered at the head end of its body.Which difference in these two organisms most likely accounts for this difference in the location of sensory organs?

Accepted Answer

A)  The sea anemone lives in water;the deer lives on land. 
B)  The sea anemone is a predator;the deer is a prey animal. 
C)  The sea anemone is simple in structure;the deer is complex. 
D)  The sea anemone is sessile;the deer moves forward into its environment. 
E)  The sea anemone has tentacles;thus,it has no need for cephalization of sensory organs. 
A)  The sea anemone lives in water;the deer lives on land. 
B)  The sea anemone is a predator;the deer is a prey animal. 
C)  The sea anemone is simple in structure;the deer is complex. 
D)  The sea anemone is sessile;the deer moves forward into its environment. 
E)  The sea anemone has tentacles;thus,it has no need for cephalization of sensory organs.

Question 13

Refer to the diagrams below.What is one possible reason for the presence of ganglia in the insect's nervous system,but not in the dog's?

Accepted Answer

The ganglion in each insect se

Question 14

For an action potential to be turned off after it passes to the next neuron,synapses must be cleared of _______ molecules.

Accepted Answer

The answer of For an action potential to be turned...

Question 15

Stretch-gated Na+ ion channel receptors are of most use in which type of sensory receptor cell?

Accepted Answer

A)  Visual sensor 
B)  Muscle sensor 
C)  Taste sensor 
D)  Olfactory sensor 
E)  Temperature sensor 
A)  Visual sensor 
B)  Muscle sensor 
C)  Taste sensor 
D)  Olfactory sensor 
E)  Temperature sensor

Question 16

Which of the following best represents the order of the flow of information from a muscle in a crayfish that will ultimately generate an action potential in the crayfish stretch receptor neuron?

Accepted Answer

A)  Stretch,stretch-gated Na+ channels open,receptor potential,voltage-gated Na+ channels open,action potential 
B)  Stretch,dendritic potential,stretch-gated Na+ channels open,receptor potential,action potential 
C)  Stretch,receptor potential,spread of potential in receptor neuron,neurotransmitter release,action potential 
D)  Stretch,neurotransmitter release,receptor potential,stretch-gated Na+ channels open,action potential 
E)  Stretch,neurotransmitter release,stretch-gated Na+ channels open,voltage-gated Na+ channels open,action potential 
A)  Stretch,stretch-gated Na+ channels open,receptor potential,voltage-gated Na+ channels open,action potential 
B)  Stretch,dendritic potential,stretch-gated Na+ channels open,receptor potential,action potential 
C)  Stretch,receptor potential,spread of potential in receptor neuron,neurotransmitter release,action potential 
D)  Stretch,neurotransmitter release,receptor potential,stretch-gated Na+ channels open,action potential 
E)  Stretch,neurotransmitter release,stretch-gated Na+ channels open,voltage-gated Na+ channels open,action potential

Question 17

The resting potential of a membrane is maintained by a steady leakage of _______ ions through ion channels that always remain open.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The resting potential of a membrane is...

Question 18

The fight-or-flight response is controlled by the _______ branch of the autonomic nervous system.

Accepted Answer

A)  efferent 
B)  reflexive 
C)  voluntary 
D)  sympathetic 
E)  parasympathetic 
A)  efferent 
B)  reflexive 
C)  voluntary 
D)  sympathetic 
E)  parasympathetic

Question 19

The membrane potential,or electrical difference on the two sides of a membrane,is measured as a _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The membrane potential,or electrical difference on the...

Question 20

Which response in vertebrates is controlled by the voluntary,rather than the involuntary (autonomic),nervous system?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sweat production 
B)  Shaking of the head 
C)  Stomach acid secretion 
D)  Blood vessel contraction 
E)  Contraction of the intestinal walls 
A)  Sweat production 
B)  Shaking of the head 
C)  Stomach acid secretion 
D)  Blood vessel contraction 
E)  Contraction of the intestinal walls

Exam 34: Neurons, Sense Organs, and Nervous Systems

Suppose an ion channel opens and allows the influx of chloride (Cl-),a negative ion,into a cell.Which change would occur in the cell membrane?

Neurons that transmit information from sensory cells to the central nervous system are part of the

Which of these is not a characteristic of an action potential?

Which statement about sensory receptor cells is false?

The middle ear assists the processing of auditory information by converting _______ pressure waves into _______.

Is a spinal reflex such as the knee-jerk response controlled by the autonomic nervous system or by the voluntary nervous system?

If a star-nosed mole lost the use of its star-shaped sensory organ,it would be unable to find food by

When you eat a very large meal,sensors in your stomach stretch and your body greatly increases its production of digestive enzymes.Which component of the nervous system is controlling this response?

Refer to the diagram below.Name the process occurring and briefly describe how it is occurring.

The release of acetylcholine at a neuromuscular junction is dependent on the action of voltage-gated _______ channels.

Brushing against a doorway as you enter a room will trigger which type of sensory response?

Refer to the diagrams below.What is one possible reason for the presence of ganglia in the insect's nervous system,but not in the dog's?

For an action potential to be turned off after it passes to the next neuron,synapses must be cleared of _______ molecules.

Stretch-gated Na+ ion channel receptors are of most use in which type of sensory receptor cell?

Which of the following best represents the order of the flow of information from a muscle in a crayfish that will ultimately generate an action potential in the crayfish stretch receptor neuron?

The resting potential of a membrane is maintained by a steady leakage of _______ ions through ion channels that always remain open.

The fight-or-flight response is controlled by the _______ branch of the autonomic nervous system.

The membrane potential,or electrical difference on the two sides of a membrane,is measured as a _______.

Which response in vertebrates is controlled by the voluntary,rather than the involuntary (autonomic),nervous system?

Introduction

The Chemistry and Energy of Life

Nucleic Acids, Proteins, and Enzymes

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes and Signaling

Pathways That Harvest and Store Chemical Energy

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

DNA and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Biotechnology

Genes, Development, and Evolution

Processes of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Speciation

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria, Archaea, and Viruses

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

The Evolution of Plants

The Evolution and Diversity of Fungi

Animal Origins and Diversity

The Plant Body

Plant Nutrition and Transport

Plant Growth and Development

Reproduction of Flowering Plants

Plants in the Environment

Fundamentals of Animal Function

Nutrition and Digestion

Breathing

Circulation

Muscle and Movement

Nervous and Endocrine Control

Water and Salts: Excretion

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Behavior

The Distribution of Earths Ecological Systems

Populations

Ecological and Evolutionary Consequences of Interactions Within and Among Species

Ecological Communities

The Global Ecosystem

Filters

Suppose an ion channel opens and allows the influx of chloride (Cl^-),a negative ion,into a cell.Which change would occur in the cell membrane?

The middle ear assists the processing of auditory information by converting _ pressure waves into _.

Stretch-gated Na⁺ ion channel receptors are of most use in which type of sensory receptor cell?