Question 1

_______ are small intracellular parasites that have a unique,complex reproductive cycle and include strains that cause eye infections and venereal disease.

Accepted Answer

A)  Chlamydias 
B)  Spirochetes 
C)  Cyanobacteria 
D)  Proteobacteria 
E)  Actinobacteria 
A)  Chlamydias 
B)  Spirochetes 
C)  Cyanobacteria 
D)  Proteobacteria 
E)  Actinobacteria A

Question 2

Eukarya are evolutionarily closer to _______ than they are to Bacteria.

Accepted Answer

Archaea

Question 3

Most bacteria are

Accepted Answer

A)  photoautotrophs. 
B)  photoheterotrophs. 
C)  chemoautotrophs. 
D)  chemoheterotrophs. 
E)  disease-causing. 
A)  photoautotrophs. 
B)  photoheterotrophs. 
C)  chemoautotrophs. 
D)  chemoheterotrophs. 
E)  disease-causing. D

Question 4

The _______ are Gram-positive bacteria including those that cause tuberculosis and those that produce streptomycin.Most antibiotics come from bacteria in this group.

Accepted Answer

A)  cyanobacteria 
B)  spirochetes 
C)  chlamydias 
D)  actinobacteria 
E)  proteobacteria 
A)  cyanobacteria 
B)  spirochetes 
C)  chlamydias 
D)  actinobacteria 
E)  proteobacteria

Question 5

Cyanobacteria

Accepted Answer

A)  are a diverse and unrelated group of bacteria. 
B)  use chlorophyll a and release oxygen during photosynthesis. 
C)  are the only group of photosynthetic bacteria. 
D)  can reproduce sexually. 
E)  are obligate aerobes. 
A)  are a diverse and unrelated group of bacteria. 
B)  use chlorophyll a and release oxygen during photosynthesis. 
C)  are the only group of photosynthetic bacteria. 
D)  can reproduce sexually. 
E)  are obligate aerobes.

Question 6

You are working on tissue samples with a colleague and discover a new kind of virus.Based on the morphological features observed,your colleague says "This is clearly very similar to the common ancestor of all other viruses." You disagree because

Accepted Answer

A)  viruses have probably arisen more than once and do not have a common ancestor. 
B)  viruses have arisen once and their common ancestor has not be discovered. 
C)  it is not possible to visualize viruses in the laboratory. 
D)  DNA studies would be needed to confirm this. 
E)  viral features are too variable to make such a comparison. 
A)  viruses have probably arisen more than once and do not have a common ancestor. 
B)  viruses have arisen once and their common ancestor has not be discovered. 
C)  it is not possible to visualize viruses in the laboratory. 
D)  DNA studies would be needed to confirm this. 
E)  viral features are too variable to make such a comparison.

Question 7

You analyze bacterial samples from a toxic waste dump and find that one bacterial colony is able to survive exposure to nuclear radiation.To what group would that colony most likely belong?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cyanobacteria 
B)  Spirochetes 
C)  Chlamydias 
D)  Proteobacteria 
E)  Hadobacteria 
A)  Cyanobacteria 
B)  Spirochetes 
C)  Chlamydias 
D)  Proteobacteria 
E)  Hadobacteria

Question 8

The size of the smallest bacterium is _______$\mu$m.

Accepted Answer

A)  0.2 
B)  2 
C)  7.5 
D)  75 
E)  750 
A)  0.2 
B)  2 
C)  7.5 
D)  75 
E)  750

Question 9

_______ can produce heat-resistant endospores.

Accepted Answer

A)  Cyanobacteria 
B)  Spirochetes 
C)  Chlamydias 
D)  Proteobacteria 
E)  Firmicutes 
A)  Cyanobacteria 
B)  Spirochetes 
C)  Chlamydias 
D)  Proteobacteria 
E)  Firmicutes

Question 10

Antibiotics such as penicillin have little,if any,effect on the cells of eukaryotes because they interfere with the synthesis of cell walls containing _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Antibiotics such as penicillin have little,if any,effect...

Question 11

Which feature is found in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Formylmethionine tRNA 
B)  A system for generating ATP 
C)  A nucleus 
D)  A Golgi apparatus 
E)  Peptidoglycan in cell walls 
A)  Formylmethionine tRNA 
B)  A system for generating ATP 
C)  A nucleus 
D)  A Golgi apparatus 
E)  Peptidoglycan in cell walls

Question 12

Chlamydias

Accepted Answer

A)  can form heterocysts. 
B)  form a branched,filamentous mycelium. 
C)  contain less DNA than any other organism. 
D)  can live only within the cells of other organisms. 
E)  were once classified as fungi. 
A)  can form heterocysts. 
B)  form a branched,filamentous mycelium. 
C)  contain less DNA than any other organism. 
D)  can live only within the cells of other organisms. 
E)  were once classified as fungi.

Question 13

The sequencing of rRNA allowed scientists to understand

Accepted Answer

A)  the clear relationships among different prokaryotic species. 
B)  that certain nucleic acid sequences are unique to archaea and eukarya. 
C)  that archaea are similar to bacteria. 
D)  that all DNA is relatively the same. 
E)  that half of the sequences of archaea were previously unknown. 
A)  the clear relationships among different prokaryotic species. 
B)  that certain nucleic acid sequences are unique to archaea and eukarya. 
C)  that archaea are similar to bacteria. 
D)  that all DNA is relatively the same. 
E)  that half of the sequences of archaea were previously unknown.

Question 14

Genes that are likely to undergo lateral transfer are those that

Accepted Answer

A)  are involved in antibiotic resistance. 
B)  confer no fitness advantage to the recipient. 
C)  are highly conserved and involved in DNA replication. 
D)  are longer than average. 
E)  code for metabolic functions. 
A)  are involved in antibiotic resistance. 
B)  confer no fitness advantage to the recipient. 
C)  are highly conserved and involved in DNA replication. 
D)  are longer than average. 
E)  code for metabolic functions.

Question 15

The division of the living world into three domains

Accepted Answer

A)  is based on the number of cells in organisms of each group. 
B)  is based mostly on the major morphological differences between archaea and bacteria. 
C)  reflects the great importance of eukaryotes. 
D)  was proposed after the invention of the first microscope. 
E)  is based on phylogenetic relationships determined from nucleotide sequences of rRNA and other genes. 
A)  is based on the number of cells in organisms of each group. 
B)  is based mostly on the major morphological differences between archaea and bacteria. 
C)  reflects the great importance of eukaryotes. 
D)  was proposed after the invention of the first microscope. 
E)  is based on phylogenetic relationships determined from nucleotide sequences of rRNA and other genes.

Question 16

While working on a cell sample from a sick cow,you notice a number of very small bacteria in the cells.What is the best conclusion about the role of the bacteria in the cow's cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  They developed as a resistance against the disease but were ineffective. 
B)  They are mycoplasmas that are causing the disease. 
C)  They are endosymbionts evolving into a new kind of mitochondria. 
D)  They are neither helping nor hurting the cow. 
E)  They are actually misidentified mitochondria. 
A)  They developed as a resistance against the disease but were ineffective. 
B)  They are mycoplasmas that are causing the disease. 
C)  They are endosymbionts evolving into a new kind of mitochondria. 
D)  They are neither helping nor hurting the cow. 
E)  They are actually misidentified mitochondria.

Question 17

Some cyanobacteria that form filamentous colonies possess heterocysts,which are

Accepted Answer

A)  a means of locomotion. 
B)  infectious. 
C)  the resting stage for the cyanobacteria. 
D)  endospores. 
E)  cells specialized for nitrogen fixation. 
A)  a means of locomotion. 
B)  infectious. 
C)  the resting stage for the cyanobacteria. 
D)  endospores. 
E)  cells specialized for nitrogen fixation.

Question 18

How are prokaryote phylogenies different from mammal phylogenies?

Accepted Answer

A)  There is a high degree of lateral gene transfer in mammals. 
B)  Mammal phylogenies are constructed from evidence based in DNA,whereas prokaryote phylogenies are based in RNA. 
C)  There is a high degree of lateral gene transfer in prokaryotes. 
D)  The phylogenetic reconstruction process is much simpler for prokaryotes because they are much smaller. 
E)  Mammals have transposons. 
A)  There is a high degree of lateral gene transfer in mammals. 
B)  Mammal phylogenies are constructed from evidence based in DNA,whereas prokaryote phylogenies are based in RNA. 
C)  There is a high degree of lateral gene transfer in prokaryotes. 
D)  The phylogenetic reconstruction process is much simpler for prokaryotes because they are much smaller. 
E)  Mammals have transposons.

Question 19

Which term does not relate to a prokaryote's metabolic diversity?

Accepted Answer

A)  Aerotolerant 
B)  Anaerobic 
C)  Photoautotroph 
D)  Lateral transfer 
E)  Nitrogen fixing 
A)  Aerotolerant 
B)  Anaerobic 
C)  Photoautotroph 
D)  Lateral transfer 
E)  Nitrogen fixing

Question 20

An ecosystem based on chemoautotrophs exists 2,500 meters below the ocean surface near the Galápagos Islands.These archaea

Accepted Answer

A)  use light as energy and obtain carbon from carbon dioxide. 
B)  use light as energy and obtain organic compounds from other organisms. 
C)  oxidize inorganic substances for energy and obtain carbon from carbon dioxide. 
D)  rely on organic compounds for both energy and carbon. 
E)  oxidize organic compounds for energy and obtain carbon from carbon dioxide. 
A)  use light as energy and obtain carbon from carbon dioxide. 
B)  use light as energy and obtain organic compounds from other organisms. 
C)  oxidize inorganic substances for energy and obtain carbon from carbon dioxide. 
D)  rely on organic compounds for both energy and carbon. 
E)  oxidize organic compounds for energy and obtain carbon from carbon dioxide.

Exam 19: Bacteria, Archaea, and Viruses

_______ are small intracellular parasites that have a unique,complex reproductive cycle and include strains that cause eye infections and venereal disease.

Eukarya are evolutionarily closer to _______ than they are to Bacteria.

Most bacteria are

The _______ are Gram-positive bacteria including those that cause tuberculosis and those that produce streptomycin.Most antibiotics come from bacteria in this group.

Cyanobacteria

You are working on tissue samples with a colleague and discover a new kind of virus.Based on the morphological features observed,your colleague says "This is clearly very similar to the common ancestor of all other viruses." You disagree because

You analyze bacterial samples from a toxic waste dump and find that one bacterial colony is able to survive exposure to nuclear radiation.To what group would that colony most likely belong?

The size of the smallest bacterium is _______ μ\muμ m.

_______ can produce heat-resistant endospores.

Antibiotics such as penicillin have little,if any,effect on the cells of eukaryotes because they interfere with the synthesis of cell walls containing _______.

Which feature is found in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes?

Chlamydias

The sequencing of rRNA allowed scientists to understand

Genes that are likely to undergo lateral transfer are those that

The division of the living world into three domains

While working on a cell sample from a sick cow,you notice a number of very small bacteria in the cells.What is the best conclusion about the role of the bacteria in the cow's cells?

Some cyanobacteria that form filamentous colonies possess heterocysts,which are

How are prokaryote phylogenies different from mammal phylogenies?

Which term does not relate to a prokaryote's metabolic diversity?

An ecosystem based on chemoautotrophs exists 2,500 meters below the ocean surface near the Galápagos Islands.These archaea

Introduction

The Chemistry and Energy of Life

Nucleic Acids, Proteins, and Enzymes

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes and Signaling

Pathways That Harvest and Store Chemical Energy

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

DNA and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Biotechnology

Genes, Development, and Evolution

Processes of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Speciation

The History of Life on Earth

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

The Evolution of Plants

The Evolution and Diversity of Fungi

Animal Origins and Diversity

The Plant Body

Plant Nutrition and Transport

Plant Growth and Development

Reproduction of Flowering Plants

Plants in the Environment

Fundamentals of Animal Function

Nutrition and Digestion

Breathing

Circulation

Muscle and Movement

Neurons, Sense Organs, and Nervous Systems

Nervous and Endocrine Control

Water and Salts: Excretion

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Behavior

The Distribution of Earths Ecological Systems

Populations

Ecological and Evolutionary Consequences of Interactions Within and Among Species

Ecological Communities

The Global Ecosystem

Filters

The size of the smallest bacterium is _______ $\mu$ m.