Question 1

Prokaryotes,along with fungi,return tremendous quantities of organic carbon to the atmosphere as

Accepted Answer

A)  ATP. 
B)  CO2. 
C)  carbon monoxide. 
D)  energy. 
E)  nitrogen gas. 
A)  ATP. 
B)  CO2. 
C)  carbon monoxide. 
D)  energy. 
E)  nitrogen gas.

Question 2

If numerous microbes that inhabit in the human body were destroyed,either because of use of medications or environmental influences,the likely effect would be

Accepted Answer

A)  improved health in the general population. 
B)  a decline in people's health. 
C)  the prevention of all infectious diseases. 
D)  the destruction of pathogenic bacteria only. 
E)  the eradication of most human diseases. 
A)  improved health in the general population. 
B)  a decline in people's health. 
C)  the prevention of all infectious diseases. 
D)  the destruction of pathogenic bacteria only. 
E)  the eradication of most human diseases.

Question 3

Which statement about bacteria is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Gram-positive bacteria have a lot of peptidoglycan in their cell walls and stain blue to purple. 
B)  Gram-negative bacteria have no peptidoglycan in their cell walls and stain blue to purple. 
C)  Gram-positive bacteria weigh more than a gram. 
D)  Gram-positive bacteria have relatively little peptidoglycan in their cell walls and stain pink to red. 
E)  Gram-negative bacteria lack a cell membrane. 
A)  Gram-positive bacteria have a lot of peptidoglycan in their cell walls and stain blue to purple. 
B)  Gram-negative bacteria have no peptidoglycan in their cell walls and stain blue to purple. 
C)  Gram-positive bacteria weigh more than a gram. 
D)  Gram-positive bacteria have relatively little peptidoglycan in their cell walls and stain pink to red. 
E)  Gram-negative bacteria lack a cell membrane.

Question 4

Synthesis of peptidoglycan-containing cell walls is affected by

Accepted Answer

A)  archaea. 
B)  high toxigenicity. 
C)  bacteria. 
D)  antibiotics. 
E)  Gram stains. 
A)  archaea. 
B)  high toxigenicity. 
C)  bacteria. 
D)  antibiotics. 
E)  Gram stains.

Question 5

Which statement about Archaea is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  They live in harsh environments. 
B)  Their cell walls lack peptidoglycan. 
C)  Their membrane lipids are different from those in Bacteria. 
D)  There are similarities in their base sequences of ribosomal RNAs. 
E)  They are a recently evolved group. 
A)  They live in harsh environments. 
B)  Their cell walls lack peptidoglycan. 
C)  Their membrane lipids are different from those in Bacteria. 
D)  There are similarities in their base sequences of ribosomal RNAs. 
E)  They are a recently evolved group.

Question 6

All photosynthetic prokaryotes

Accepted Answer

A)  use chlorophyll a as their photosynthetic pigment. 
B)  use bacteriochlorophyll as their photosynthetic pigment. 
C)  release oxygen gas. 
D)  are photoautotrophs. 
E)  produce particles of sulfur. 
A)  use chlorophyll a as their photosynthetic pigment. 
B)  use bacteriochlorophyll as their photosynthetic pigment. 
C)  release oxygen gas. 
D)  are photoautotrophs. 
E)  produce particles of sulfur.

Question 7

Which bacterial group includes the greatest number of species?

Accepted Answer

A)  Chlamydia 
B)  Proteobacteria 
C)  Actinobacteria 
D)  Mycoplasmas 
E)  Cyanobacteria 
A)  Chlamydia 
B)  Proteobacteria 
C)  Actinobacteria 
D)  Mycoplasmas 
E)  Cyanobacteria

Question 8

The earliest prokaryotic fossils date back at least _______ years.

Accepted Answer

A)  35,000 
B)  350,000 
C)  3.5 million 
D)  350 million 
E)  3.5 billion 
A)  35,000 
B)  350,000 
C)  3.5 million 
D)  350 million 
E)  3.5 billion

Question 9

An extremely important set of rules for the determination of bacterial disease transmission is called

Accepted Answer

A)  Ehrlich's optimal law. 
B)  Koch's postulates. 
C)  Occam's razor. 
D)  Zeno's paradox. 
E)  Darwin's law of evolution by natural selection. 
A)  Ehrlich's optimal law. 
B)  Koch's postulates. 
C)  Occam's razor. 
D)  Zeno's paradox. 
E)  Darwin's law of evolution by natural selection.

Question 10

Low-GC Gram-positive bacteria

Accepted Answer

A)  do not constitute a monophyletic clade. 
B)  include Rhizobium. 
C)  can reproduce only within the cells of other organisms. 
D)  all possess structures called axial filaments. 
E)  include the important genera Bacillus and Clostridium. 
A)  do not constitute a monophyletic clade. 
B)  include Rhizobium. 
C)  can reproduce only within the cells of other organisms. 
D)  all possess structures called axial filaments. 
E)  include the important genera Bacillus and Clostridium.

Question 11

Before they had the ability to decipher nucleotide sequences,biologists classified prokaryotes based on several features,including

Accepted Answer

A)  their nutritional requirements. 
B)  phenotypic characteristics like shape or color. 
C)  their antibiotic sensitivity. 
D)  their modes of locomotion. 
E)  All of the above 
A)  their nutritional requirements. 
B)  phenotypic characteristics like shape or color. 
C)  their antibiotic sensitivity. 
D)  their modes of locomotion. 
E)  All of the above

Question 12

Which characteristic or component is distinctive to archaea?

Accepted Answer

A)  Unique genes not found in other domains 
B)  Branched,long-chain hydrocarbons 
C)  A lack of peptidoglycan 
D)  Lipids with glycerol-ether linkages 
E)  All of the above 
A)  Unique genes not found in other domains 
B)  Branched,long-chain hydrocarbons 
C)  A lack of peptidoglycan 
D)  Lipids with glycerol-ether linkages 
E)  All of the above

Question 13

You perform chemical analysis of a fossil,which shows that some decay occurred before fossilization.There is also evidence of peptidoglycan.The most likely conclusion about the decay is that it was due to

Accepted Answer

A)  digestion by an animal. 
B)  the action of bacteria. 
C)  the action of archaeans. 
D)  the action of fungi. 
E)  some cause that cannot be determined. 
A)  digestion by an animal. 
B)  the action of bacteria. 
C)  the action of archaeans. 
D)  the action of fungi. 
E)  some cause that cannot be determined.

Question 14

You discover a new eukaryote with a novel organelle that includes a circular chromosome and branched membrane lipids.You conclude that this organelle

Accepted Answer

A)  originated from an endosymbiosed member of Archaea. 
B)  broke away from the nucleus. 
C)  is a likely target of viruses. 
D)  probably came from the Proteobacteria. 
E)  contains a plasmid. 
A)  originated from an endosymbiosed member of Archaea. 
B)  broke away from the nucleus. 
C)  is a likely target of viruses. 
D)  probably came from the Proteobacteria. 
E)  contains a plasmid.

Question 15

The most abundant organisms on Earth are prokaryotes,which fall into the kingdoms Archaea and _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The most abundant organisms on Earth are...

Question 16

The common ancestry (monophyly)of the three domains (Archaea,Bacteria,and Eukarya)is confirmed by

Accepted Answer

A)  the similar appearances of different organisms. 
B)  ample fossil evidence. 
C)  DNA as the genetic material that encodes for proteins. 
D)  the similar sizes of members of all three. 
E)  the presence of nuclear membranes in all three. 
A)  the similar appearances of different organisms. 
B)  ample fossil evidence. 
C)  DNA as the genetic material that encodes for proteins. 
D)  the similar sizes of members of all three. 
E)  the presence of nuclear membranes in all three.

Question 17

Which statement is not one of Koch's postulates?

Accepted Answer

A)  The microorganism is always found in the diseased individual. 
B)  A sample of the pure culture of the microorganism produces the disease when it is injected into an uninfected host. 
C)  The microorganism taken from the diseased host can be grown in pure culture. 
D)  The microorganism is always transmitted by insect vectors. 
E)  A host infected by injection from the cultured microorganism yields a new culture of the microorganism identical to the original culture. 
A)  The microorganism is always found in the diseased individual. 
B)  A sample of the pure culture of the microorganism produces the disease when it is injected into an uninfected host. 
C)  The microorganism taken from the diseased host can be grown in pure culture. 
D)  The microorganism is always transmitted by insect vectors. 
E)  A host infected by injection from the cultured microorganism yields a new culture of the microorganism identical to the original culture.

Question 18

_______ contain photosynthetic lamellae and photosynthesize using chlorophyll a.

Accepted Answer

A)  Proteobacteria 
B)  Spirochetes 
C)  Chlamydias 
D)  Cyanobacteria 
E)  Firmicutes 
A)  Proteobacteria 
B)  Spirochetes 
C)  Chlamydias 
D)  Cyanobacteria 
E)  Firmicutes

Question 19

Which statement about nitrogen metabolism is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Certain prokaryotes reduce atmospheric N2 to ammonia. 
B)  Some nitrifiers are soil bacteria. 
C)  Denitrifiers are obligate anaerobes. 
D)  Nitrifiers obtain energy by oxidizing ammonia and nitrite. 
E)  Without nitrifiers,terrestrial organisms would lack a nitrogen supply. 
A)  Certain prokaryotes reduce atmospheric N2 to ammonia. 
B)  Some nitrifiers are soil bacteria. 
C)  Denitrifiers are obligate anaerobes. 
D)  Nitrifiers obtain energy by oxidizing ammonia and nitrite. 
E)  Without nitrifiers,terrestrial organisms would lack a nitrogen supply.

Question 20

Which pair includes two members that involve DNA transfer by prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lateral gene transfer and crown gall 
B)  Crown gall and virus formation 
C)  Lateral gene transfer and virus formation 
D)  Crown gall and biofilm formation 
E)  Biofilm formation and lateral gene transfer 
A)  Lateral gene transfer and crown gall 
B)  Crown gall and virus formation 
C)  Lateral gene transfer and virus formation 
D)  Crown gall and biofilm formation 
E)  Biofilm formation and lateral gene transfer

Exam 19: Bacteria, Archaea, and Viruses

Prokaryotes,along with fungi,return tremendous quantities of organic carbon to the atmosphere as

If numerous microbes that inhabit in the human body were destroyed,either because of use of medications or environmental influences,the likely effect would be

Which statement about bacteria is true?

Synthesis of peptidoglycan-containing cell walls is affected by

Which statement about Archaea is false?

All photosynthetic prokaryotes

Which bacterial group includes the greatest number of species?

The earliest prokaryotic fossils date back at least _______ years.

An extremely important set of rules for the determination of bacterial disease transmission is called

Low-GC Gram-positive bacteria

Before they had the ability to decipher nucleotide sequences,biologists classified prokaryotes based on several features,including

Which characteristic or component is distinctive to archaea?

You perform chemical analysis of a fossil,which shows that some decay occurred before fossilization.There is also evidence of peptidoglycan.The most likely conclusion about the decay is that it was due to

You discover a new eukaryote with a novel organelle that includes a circular chromosome and branched membrane lipids.You conclude that this organelle

The most abundant organisms on Earth are prokaryotes,which fall into the kingdoms Archaea and _______.

The common ancestry (monophyly)of the three domains (Archaea,Bacteria,and Eukarya)is confirmed by

Which statement is not one of Koch's postulates?

_______ contain photosynthetic lamellae and photosynthesize using chlorophyll a.

Which statement about nitrogen metabolism is false?

Which pair includes two members that involve DNA transfer by prokaryotes?

Introduction

The Chemistry and Energy of Life

Nucleic Acids, Proteins, and Enzymes

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes and Signaling

Pathways That Harvest and Store Chemical Energy

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

DNA and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Biotechnology

Genes, Development, and Evolution

Processes of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Speciation

The History of Life on Earth

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

The Evolution of Plants

The Evolution and Diversity of Fungi

Animal Origins and Diversity

The Plant Body

Plant Nutrition and Transport

Plant Growth and Development

Reproduction of Flowering Plants

Plants in the Environment

Fundamentals of Animal Function

Nutrition and Digestion

Breathing

Circulation

Muscle and Movement

Neurons, Sense Organs, and Nervous Systems

Nervous and Endocrine Control

Water and Salts: Excretion

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Behavior

The Distribution of Earths Ecological Systems

Populations

Ecological and Evolutionary Consequences of Interactions Within and Among Species

Ecological Communities

The Global Ecosystem

Filters