Question 1

Which event is not one of the steps that make up a reflex action,such as the knee-jerk reflex?

Accepted Answer

A)  Stimulus is received by sensory neuron. 
B)  Sensory neuron sends action potential to brain. 
C)  Action potential travels to spinal cord. 
D)  Interneuron processes action potential. 
E)  Motor neuron sends response to muscle. 
A)  Stimulus is received by sensory neuron. 
B)  Sensory neuron sends action potential to brain. 
C)  Action potential travels to spinal cord. 
D)  Interneuron processes action potential. 
E)  Motor neuron sends response to muscle.

Question 2

The vertebrate neuromuscular junction has often been used as a model for understanding the functioning of a synapse because it

Accepted Answer

A)  involves only one neuron and one muscle cell. 
B)  operates in the same way as synapses in the brain do. 
C)  uses acetylcholine,the only well-understood neurotransmitter. 
D)  can be used to understand both chemical and electrical synapses. 
E)  has a measurable action potential,unlike neuron-to-neuron synapses. 
A)  involves only one neuron and one muscle cell. 
B)  operates in the same way as synapses in the brain do. 
C)  uses acetylcholine,the only well-understood neurotransmitter. 
D)  can be used to understand both chemical and electrical synapses. 
E)  has a measurable action potential,unlike neuron-to-neuron synapses.

Question 3

One factor that makes it possible for the odorant receptors on the antennae of moths to be extremely sensitive is that

Accepted Answer

A)  each receptor is specific for only one odor. 
B)  each receptor can respond to many different odors. 
C)  each antenna has only a few receptors and each is specific. 
D)  moths only need to recognize one odor,and all receptors respond to it. 
E)  moths are very small,so they require few odorant receptors to be effective. 
A)  each receptor is specific for only one odor. 
B)  each receptor can respond to many different odors. 
C)  each antenna has only a few receptors and each is specific. 
D)  moths only need to recognize one odor,and all receptors respond to it. 
E)  moths are very small,so they require few odorant receptors to be effective.

Question 4

A young boy walks past an old,abandoned house every day on the way home from school.His parents have told him it's not haunted,but he disagrees.One day,some older kids hide in the house,and as he passes by,they rush out wearing costumes and making scary noises.The boy screams,his heart rate shoots up,and he runs away.Which of these reactions is controlled by his autonomic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

A)  Running 
B)  Screaming 
C)  Increased heart rate 
D)  Deciding the house is haunted 
E)  Seeing and hearing the older kids 
A)  Running 
B)  Screaming 
C)  Increased heart rate 
D)  Deciding the house is haunted 
E)  Seeing and hearing the older kids

Question 5

A major difference between rods and cones in the human eye is that cones

Accepted Answer

A)  are more numerous than rods. 
B)  are responsible for color vision. 
C)  contain rhodopsin and rods do not. 
D)  are more sensitive at low light intensities. 
E)  generate action potentials and rods do not. 
A)  are more numerous than rods. 
B)  are responsible for color vision. 
C)  contain rhodopsin and rods do not. 
D)  are more sensitive at low light intensities. 
E)  generate action potentials and rods do not.

Question 6

Synaptic plasticity is thought to underlie which brain function?

Accepted Answer

A)  Emotions 
B)  Locomotion 
C)  Instinctive behavior 
D)  Learning and memory 
E)  Sensory functions,such as sight 
A)  Emotions 
B)  Locomotion 
C)  Instinctive behavior 
D)  Learning and memory 
E)  Sensory functions,such as sight

Question 7

An unusual feature of the brain's processing of language information is that

Accepted Answer

A)  in most people,it is limited to the right hemisphere. 
B)  in most people,it is limited to the left hemisphere. 
C)  areas for speech and writing are in different locations. 
D)  areas for producing and understanding language are in the same location. 
E)  the locations for the various functions (speech,writing,language production,and language reception)vary greatly from person to person. 
A)  in most people,it is limited to the right hemisphere. 
B)  in most people,it is limited to the left hemisphere. 
C)  areas for speech and writing are in different locations. 
D)  areas for producing and understanding language are in the same location. 
E)  the locations for the various functions (speech,writing,language production,and language reception)vary greatly from person to person.

Question 8

What is the difference between glial cells and neurons?

Accepted Answer

A)  Glial cells nourish and support neurons. 
B)  A neuron is the body of a glial cell. 
C)  Glial cells include parts of multiple neurons. 
D)  Glial cells carry information away from the brain;neurons carry it to the brain. 
E)  There is no difference;neurons and glial cells are the same type of cell. 
A)  Glial cells nourish and support neurons. 
B)  A neuron is the body of a glial cell. 
C)  Glial cells include parts of multiple neurons. 
D)  Glial cells carry information away from the brain;neurons carry it to the brain. 
E)  There is no difference;neurons and glial cells are the same type of cell.

Question 9

If the resting potential of the neuronal cell membrane is between -60 and -70 mV,the cell

Accepted Answer

A)  is -60 to -70 mV more negative inside than outside. 
B)  is -60 to -70 mV more positive inside than outside. 
C)  has a potential of -60 to -70 mV on both sides of the membrane. 
D)  must build up a potential of -60 to -70 mV inside the cell before it can carry an action potential. 
E)  must build up a potential of -60 to -70 mV outside the cell before it can carry an action potential. 
A)  is -60 to -70 mV more negative inside than outside. 
B)  is -60 to -70 mV more positive inside than outside. 
C)  has a potential of -60 to -70 mV on both sides of the membrane. 
D)  must build up a potential of -60 to -70 mV inside the cell before it can carry an action potential. 
E)  must build up a potential of -60 to -70 mV outside the cell before it can carry an action potential.

Question 10

Homeostasis of internal body systems is possible because the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system have _______ functions.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Homeostasis of internal body systems is possible...

Question 11

Which cell layer in the retina produces the action potentials that enter the brain?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bipolar 
B)  Ganglion 
C)  Horizontal 
D)  Amacrine 
E)  Photoreceptor 
A)  Bipolar 
B)  Ganglion 
C)  Horizontal 
D)  Amacrine 
E)  Photoreceptor

Question 12

Which characteristic would best indicate that a particular synapse is a neuron-to-neuron synapse and not a neuromuscular junction?

Accepted Answer

A)  All impulses reaching the postsynaptic cell are inhibitory. 
B)  All impulses reaching the postsynaptic cell are excitatory. 
C)  A single nerve impulse from the presynaptic cell generates an action potential. 
D)  An action potential results from many small signals received over a long time period. 
E)  An action potential results from the summation of many small signals received in a short amount of time. 
A)  All impulses reaching the postsynaptic cell are inhibitory. 
B)  All impulses reaching the postsynaptic cell are excitatory. 
C)  A single nerve impulse from the presynaptic cell generates an action potential. 
D)  An action potential results from many small signals received over a long time period. 
E)  An action potential results from the summation of many small signals received in a short amount of time.

Question 13

How do the sizes of synaptic potentials differ at a neuromuscular junction and a neuron-to-neuron synapse,and how does this difference affect the generation of action potentials at each synapse?

Accepted Answer

Synaptic potentials at neuromuscular jun

Question 14

When a neuron contacts another neuron,a muscle,or a gland,the nerve impulse (action potential)is carried to the next cell by means of a _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When a neuron contacts another neuron,a muscle,or...

Question 15

Light,sound,pressure,and chemicals are all types of _______ information.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Light,sound,pressure,and chemicals are all types of _______...

Question 16

In the myelinated axon of a vertebrate neuron,the action potential jumps along the axon from one _______ to the next.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the myelinated axon of a vertebrate...

Question 17

In a PET scan,the most active brain areas "light up" with radioactivity when certain activities are performed-for example,seeing,hearing,speaking,reading,or remembering.This suggests that action potentials are interpreted based on the

Accepted Answer

A)  brain location where they are received. 
B)  type of response expected by the body. 
C)  type of action potential being received. 
D)  sensory location from which they originated. 
E)  size of the brain region where they are received. 
A)  brain location where they are received. 
B)  type of response expected by the body. 
C)  type of action potential being received. 
D)  sensory location from which they originated. 
E)  size of the brain region where they are received.

Question 18

Refer to the diagram below.In this experiment,how did the intensity of light affect the membrane potential?

Accepted Answer

All light stimuli caused hyper

Question 19

A nerve cell body is able to depolarize within only one millisecond because,when the threshold potential is reached,

Accepted Answer

A)  the entire length of the membrane is affected at once. 
B)  large numbers of voltage-gated K+ channels open very quickly. 
C)  large numbers of voltage-gated Na+ channels open very quickly. 
D)  only a very small electrical change is needed to reverse polarity. 
E)  only a single signal is usually required to cause depolarization. 
A)  the entire length of the membrane is affected at once. 
B)  large numbers of voltage-gated K+ channels open very quickly. 
C)  large numbers of voltage-gated Na+ channels open very quickly. 
D)  only a very small electrical change is needed to reverse polarity. 
E)  only a single signal is usually required to cause depolarization.

Question 20

The membrane protein sodium-potassium ATPase,also known as the _______,sets up concentration gradients of sodium and potassium ions across the membrane.

Accepted Answer

sodium-pot

Exam 34: Neurons, Sense Organs, and Nervous Systems

Which event is not one of the steps that make up a reflex action,such as the knee-jerk reflex?

The vertebrate neuromuscular junction has often been used as a model for understanding the functioning of a synapse because it

One factor that makes it possible for the odorant receptors on the antennae of moths to be extremely sensitive is that

A major difference between rods and cones in the human eye is that cones

Synaptic plasticity is thought to underlie which brain function?

An unusual feature of the brain's processing of language information is that

What is the difference between glial cells and neurons?

If the resting potential of the neuronal cell membrane is between -60 and -70 mV,the cell

Homeostasis of internal body systems is possible because the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system have _______ functions.

Which cell layer in the retina produces the action potentials that enter the brain?

Which characteristic would best indicate that a particular synapse is a neuron-to-neuron synapse and not a neuromuscular junction?

How do the sizes of synaptic potentials differ at a neuromuscular junction and a neuron-to-neuron synapse,and how does this difference affect the generation of action potentials at each synapse?

When a neuron contacts another neuron,a muscle,or a gland,the nerve impulse (action potential)is carried to the next cell by means of a _______.

Light,sound,pressure,and chemicals are all types of _______ information.

In the myelinated axon of a vertebrate neuron,the action potential jumps along the axon from one _______ to the next.

In a PET scan,the most active brain areas "light up" with radioactivity when certain activities are performed-for example,seeing,hearing,speaking,reading,or remembering.This suggests that action potentials are interpreted based on the

Refer to the diagram below.In this experiment,how did the intensity of light affect the membrane potential?

A nerve cell body is able to depolarize within only one millisecond because,when the threshold potential is reached,

The membrane protein sodium-potassium ATPase,also known as the _______,sets up concentration gradients of sodium and potassium ions across the membrane.

Introduction

The Chemistry and Energy of Life

Nucleic Acids, Proteins, and Enzymes

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes and Signaling

Pathways That Harvest and Store Chemical Energy

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

DNA and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Biotechnology

Genes, Development, and Evolution

Processes of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Speciation

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria, Archaea, and Viruses

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

The Evolution of Plants

The Evolution and Diversity of Fungi

Animal Origins and Diversity

The Plant Body

Plant Nutrition and Transport

Plant Growth and Development

Reproduction of Flowering Plants

Plants in the Environment

Fundamentals of Animal Function

Nutrition and Digestion

Breathing

Circulation

Muscle and Movement

Nervous and Endocrine Control

Water and Salts: Excretion

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Behavior

The Distribution of Earths Ecological Systems

Populations

Ecological and Evolutionary Consequences of Interactions Within and Among Species

Ecological Communities

The Global Ecosystem

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