Question 1

Gottfried Leibniz
-In regards to the problem of human evil,Leibniz thinks that

Accepted Answer

A) God controls the wills of people,therefore,nothing they do is evil. 
B) God respects people's free will,and so allows the possibility for humankind to sin. 
C) God's will includes wanting people to do evil. 
D) people may will evil against God's will,but God turns it into a greater good.

Question 2

Augustine
-Augustine concludes that time is ultimately

Accepted Answer

A) "tension." 
B) linear and fated. 
C) undecided and may be influenced by prayer. 
D) a human construct.

Question 3

Karl Marx
-According to Marx,which of the following forces in a society is the dominant force that molds and shapes the other forces?

Accepted Answer

A) Religion is the dominant force. 
B) Law is the dominant force. 
C) Politics is the dominant force. 
D) Economic structure is the dominant force.

Question 4

René Descartes
-Descartes bases his argument for God's existence on

Accepted Answer

A) his own existence. 
B) faith because he is doubting all of his previous reasoning. 
C) proofs found in the outside world. 
D) scripture and the testimony of other people.

Question 5

David Hume
-In refuting philosophers who claim that everything is full of God and is sustained by God,Hume states

Accepted Answer

A) the world is upheld by its own principles,independent of God. 
B) the lack of causality proves that there is no God. 
C) if God possibly exists,then God necessarily exists,by virtue of the divine nature. 
D) there are not sufficient arguments to prove this theory.

Question 6

Soren Kierkegaard
-Why,according to Kierkegaard,is Abraham's action so different from that of other religious leaders?

Accepted Answer

A) Abraham did not want to do what he was called to do. 
B) Abraham was asked to act contrary to the moral law. 
C) Abraham gave selflessly,while other religious leaders acted out of partially selfish motives. 
D) Abraham did not really care about his son.

Question 7

Plotinus 
-According to Plotinus,why do we recognize some things as beautiful?

Accepted Answer

A) because we were beautiful when we were with the Forms 
B) because beauty is good and we desire goodness 
C) because society has conditioned us to believe that those things are beautiful 
D) beauty is the "Golden Mean" of multiple observed objects

Question 8

Karl Marx
-Marx claims that all of human life is based on the struggle between

Accepted Answer

A) the established idea and new,challenging ideas. 
B) different communities and countries for supremacy of the world market. 
C) the people who have money and those who must work to earn it. 
D) all people for the means of survival.

Question 9

David Hume
-When Hume talks about belief in an idea,he means

Accepted Answer

A) it is a feeling of faith one has in an abstract idea. 
B) a feeling of faith in empirical knowledge which vivid sense perceptions produce. 
C) because nothing can ever be known,one must simply choose an idea to believe in,without proof. 
D) religious claims are ideas.

Question 10

Karl Marx
-If Walter the Worker increases his productivity by working faster,

Accepted Answer

A) he will also increase his pay. 
B) he is producing more goods for himself. 
C) he appropriates more general means of existence. 
D) he becomes worth less relative to the product.

Question 11

David Hume
-Hume believes that the principle of cause and effect is known

Accepted Answer

A) by innate knowledge. 
B) by demonstrative reason. 
C) by experience alone. 
D) It can never be known.

Question 12

Socrates and Plato 
-Socrates concludes his defense by stating that all of his arguments are intended to defend

Accepted Answer

A) the god of Delphi because the god will lose a faithful follower. 
B) himself because he is a great philosopher and deserves to live. 
C) the city because Socrates is the gods' gift to Athens. 
D) himself because he is afraid of dying.

Question 13

Socrates and Plato 
-In answer to Meletus' claim that Socrates is deliberately corrupting the youth,Socrates argues that he would never intentionally harm the young men because

Accepted Answer

A) it is morally wrong to lead a person astray. 
B) he didn't realize that he was a bad influence. 
C) if he were to harm another person he would only be hurting himself. 
D) he is the only person in Athens who really cares about their education.

Question 14

Aristotle 
-This year,the Happiest Aristotelean Award goes to

Accepted Answer

A) Bob the bartender,who gets liquored up all day and parties all night. 
B) Sam the soldier,who has 10 purple hearts and is admired by his country. 
C) Bill the insurance broker,who works hard to provide for his clients. 
D) Roberta the venture capitalist,who made a fortune in Internet stocks.

Question 15

John Locke
-By intuitive knowledge of ourselves,Locke means

Accepted Answer

A) we were born with the knowledge of our existence. 
B) once we perceive ourselves,we cannot doubt our existence. 
C) the mystical knowledge we have of our subjective,personal identities. 
D) the innatism he has been trying to counter in his earlier arguments.

Question 16

Aristotle 
-After stating that happiness needs to be attainable,Aristotle goes on to say that

Accepted Answer

A) no one can attain it in this life. 
B) happiness requires good parents,good children,and good looks. 
C) in his system,happiness is equally attainable for everyone. 
D) happiness results from right attitudes,and not from actions.

Question 17

Socrates and Plato 
-When Crito asks Socrates how he would like to be buried,Socrates replies "As you please,only you must catch me first," indicating that

Accepted Answer

A) he is still considering escaping. 
B) his body will decompose too quickly to be buried properly. 
C) when he is dead his soul will leave his body. 
D) even after he dies his teachings will live on.

Question 18

Immanuel Kant
-When is the will not free?

Accepted Answer

A) When it is dictated to by "moral duty." 
B) When a person chooses something other than his or her moral duty. 
C) When the will follows duty without inclination. 
D) The will is never free.

Question 19

David Hume
-If Hume went to a poker game he would

Accepted Answer

A) bet it all because probability doesn't exist,and anything could happen. 
B) play cautiously,because probability doesn't exist and anything could happen. 
C) play according to probability,because all poker games follow a predictable pattern. 
D) play according to probability,because past games are the best indications of future games.

Question 20

John Locke
-Demonstrative knowledge and sensitive knowledge are similar in that they

Accepted Answer

A) both rely on sensations for proof. 
B) are more certain than fuzzy intuition. 
C) let us know the existence of things outside of ourselves. 
D) come from observing the qualities of a substance.

Exam 1: Ancient Greek Philosophy

Gottfried Leibniz -In regards to the problem of human evil,Leibniz thinks that

Augustine -Augustine concludes that time is ultimately

Karl Marx -According to Marx,which of the following forces in a society is the dominant force that molds and shapes the other forces?

René Descartes -Descartes bases his argument for God's existence on

David Hume -In refuting philosophers who claim that everything is full of God and is sustained by God,Hume states

Soren Kierkegaard -Why,according to Kierkegaard,is Abraham's action so different from that of other religious leaders?

Plotinus -According to Plotinus,why do we recognize some things as beautiful?

Karl Marx -Marx claims that all of human life is based on the struggle between

David Hume -When Hume talks about belief in an idea,he means

Karl Marx -If Walter the Worker increases his productivity by working faster,

David Hume -Hume believes that the principle of cause and effect is known

Socrates and Plato -Socrates concludes his defense by stating that all of his arguments are intended to defend

Socrates and Plato -In answer to Meletus' claim that Socrates is deliberately corrupting the youth,Socrates argues that he would never intentionally harm the young men because

Aristotle -This year,the Happiest Aristotelean Award goes to

John Locke -By intuitive knowledge of ourselves,Locke means

Aristotle -After stating that happiness needs to be attainable,Aristotle goes on to say that

Socrates and Plato -When Crito asks Socrates how he would like to be buried,Socrates replies "As you please,only you must catch me first," indicating that

Immanuel Kant -When is the will not free?

David Hume -If Hume went to a poker game he would

John Locke -Demonstrative knowledge and sensitive knowledge are similar in that they