Question 1

Aristotle 
-What does Aristotle conclude is goodness?

Accepted Answer

A) something which is wanted for its own sake 
B) that which is best for the individual 
C) that which brings the most pleasure 
D) that which partakes in goodness

Question 2

Edmund Husserl
-Phenomenology as a science is

Accepted Answer

A) the a priori study of all possible existence and existences. 
B) the a posteriori study of mental states. 
C) the a priori study of objects apart from consciousness of them. 
D) limited to transcendent objects such as God.

Question 3

Aristotle 
-In order to become wise,one must

Accepted Answer

A) live a life full of many growing experiences. 
B) appreciate art and be an accomplished artist. 
C) study extensively,especially science and philosophy. 
D) know causes and principles.

Question 4

Aristotle 
-Suppose Aristotle met Mother Teresa.What would he most likely say of her moral virtue?

Accepted Answer

A) Her Catholic upbringing taught her to love the poor. 
B) She has a kind nature and so naturally helps the poor. 
C) A lifetime of helping the poor has made it natural for her to help the poor. 
D) Her virtue is particular and has no bearing on universal virtue.

Question 5

Jean-Jacques Rousseau
-What does Rousseau mean by "Man was born free,and everywhere he is in chains"?

Accepted Answer

A) He means to protest the taking of political prisoners in France. 
B) He thinks that social contracts inevitably cripple freedom. 
C) He observes that most societies are founded on a principle of "might makes right" and force obedience from their subjects. 
D) He means that humans are born free,but that freedom itself is a terrible burden.

Question 6

Immanuel Kant
-Kant proves the freedom of the will and the capacity for reason in people by arguing that

Accepted Answer

A) the idea of morality necessitates a free will. 
B) freedom of the will is an a priori concept in our minds,much like the concept of causality. 
C) for morality to be possible,we must have reason and be free. 
D) None of the above.Kant admits that no proof can be made that does not beg the question.

Question 7

George Berkeley
-Philonous looks at Locke's primary and secondary qualities distinction and concludes

Accepted Answer

A) primary qualities are as non-representative of the world as secondary qualities. 
B) extension is the only primary quality which is accurately represented to our sensations. 
C) neither primary nor secondary qualities give any knowledge at all. 
D) Locke's divisions and conclusions were correct.

Question 8

Karl Marx
-Why does Marx thinks that the proletariat will not last forever as a political force?

Accepted Answer

A) The proletariat will eventually overcome the forces that keep it oppressed and will then choose to dissolve its own political apparatus. 
B) The bourgeois will prove too strong and defeat the political aims of the proletariat. 
C) The proletariat will become the new bourgeois and oppress the new proletariat in an unending cycle. 
D) The proletariat is by its very nature an unstable organization of political interests.

Question 9

Baruch Spinoza
-How does Spinoza think the will works?

Accepted Answer

A) The will chooses between that which the intellect perceives as a conflict. 
B) The will extends to more than the intellect knows. 
C) Will is merely thinking over two conflicting views. 
D) Will is the same as ideas.

Question 10

Karl Marx
-The proletariat's attempt to overthrow the bourgeoisie

Accepted Answer

A) is made harder by the alliance between the bourgeoisie and the old aristocracy. 
B) is currently limited to the economic arena,but will eventually take on a political cast. 
C) has already begun with the formation of unions. 
D) suffers because of the large number of workers.

Question 11

Hildegard of Bingen
-Hildegard's primary concern in writing an account of the soul is to

Accepted Answer

A) explain how,metaphysically,the soul connects to the body before birth. 
B) persuade the reader to use their intellect and will for good works. 
C) answer the mind-body problem (or soul-body problem)from a theological point of view. 
D) show the similarities between human life and other forms of plant and animal life.

Question 12

Aristotle 
-If Aristotle were watching a game of golf,what would he identify as the cause of a hole-in-one?

Accepted Answer

A) the lie (where the ball starts) 
B) the putter striking the ball 
C) the player's desire to get a birdie 
D) All the above are causes.

Question 13

Aristotle 
-Concerning moral weakness and self-indulgence,Aristotle claims that

Accepted Answer

A) both are equally bad because they lead a person to vice. 
B) self-indulgence is worse because the self-indulgent person has an evil intent. 
C) moral weakness is worse because the person has no strength of will. 
D) both spring from a lack of knowing the good.

Question 14

Aristotle 
-Happiness requires activity which is an expression of complete virtue _________.

Accepted Answer

A) and external goods 
B) and honor 
C) and pleasure 
D) alone

Question 15

John Locke
-The difference between simple and complex ideas is that

Accepted Answer

A) complex ideas come from reflection,while simple ideas come from sensation. 
B) simple ideas are one concept,while complex ideas contain many concepts. 
C) simple ideas are related to sight alone,while complex ideas are related to all sense. 
D) simple ideas come into the mind and create totally new ideas which are complex ideas.

Question 16

Baruch Spinoza
-Spinoza states that we not only know God exists,but we also know God is perfect because

Accepted Answer

A) scripture says so. 
B) imperfection hinders existence. 
C) God created many perfect,independent substances. 
D) it balances the imperfections in his infinite nature.

Question 17

Epicurus 
-With regards to politics,Epicurus would most likely say

Accepted Answer

A) "Live unseen." 
B) "If I don't do it,who will?" 
C) "Question authority." 
D) "Power to the people."

Question 18

Thomas Hobbes
-Hobbes reads the sentence "All men are created equal" and

Accepted Answer

A) shudders because he likes the stratified,hierarchical society and the privileges he enjoys. 
B) smiles because he thinks this statement is just. 
C) disagrees because some people are naturally much stronger and better leaders than others. 
D) screams in terror,for this will result in the war of each against all.

Question 19

George Berkeley
-Philonous shows that the things we sense in the world

Accepted Answer

A) are representative of matter in the world. 
B) have existence in perception only. 
C) relate the characteristics of matter imperfectly to our senses. 
D) have existence apart from our perception.

Question 20

Immanuel Kant
-An action could not be in accord with the categorical imperative if

Accepted Answer

A) it had disastrous consequences. 
B) the person didn't want to act in that way. 
C) the action could not be made into a universal law. 
D) the person acted without considering the cost to themselves.

Exam 1: Ancient Greek Philosophy

Aristotle -What does Aristotle conclude is goodness?

Edmund Husserl -Phenomenology as a science is

Aristotle -In order to become wise,one must

Aristotle -Suppose Aristotle met Mother Teresa.What would he most likely say of her moral virtue?

Jean-Jacques Rousseau -What does Rousseau mean by "Man was born free,and everywhere he is in chains"?

Immanuel Kant -Kant proves the freedom of the will and the capacity for reason in people by arguing that

George Berkeley -Philonous looks at Locke's primary and secondary qualities distinction and concludes

Karl Marx -Why does Marx thinks that the proletariat will not last forever as a political force?

Baruch Spinoza -How does Spinoza think the will works?

Karl Marx -The proletariat's attempt to overthrow the bourgeoisie

Hildegard of Bingen -Hildegard's primary concern in writing an account of the soul is to

Aristotle -If Aristotle were watching a game of golf,what would he identify as the cause of a hole-in-one?

Aristotle -Concerning moral weakness and self-indulgence,Aristotle claims that

Aristotle -Happiness requires activity which is an expression of complete virtue _________.

John Locke -The difference between simple and complex ideas is that

Baruch Spinoza -Spinoza states that we not only know God exists,but we also know God is perfect because

Epicurus -With regards to politics,Epicurus would most likely say

Thomas Hobbes -Hobbes reads the sentence "All men are created equal" and

George Berkeley -Philonous shows that the things we sense in the world

Immanuel Kant -An action could not be in accord with the categorical imperative if