Question 1

Epictetus 
-Epictetus believes that we ought to live a life that is

Accepted Answer

A) free from all pain and loss. 
B) harmonious with what happens naturally. 
C) self-determined. 
D) prayerful so that we might influence the gods.

Question 2

Augustine
-All natures which are contrary to God

Accepted Answer

A) are part of the pre-arranged duality of the universe. 
B) There are no natures that are contrary to God. 
C) render God less powerful. 
D) are the objects of misdirected love.

Question 3

David Hume
-With regards to miracles,Hume believes that

Accepted Answer

A) they are absolutely impossible,because they violate the laws of nature. 
B) because there is no law of causality,they are a perfectly reasonable and likely happening. 
C) they must happen often,based on the rejection of causality. 
D) the possibility of miracles is overshadowed by the greater possibility of nature remaining uniform.

Question 4

Immanuel Kant
-According to Kant,we know ourselves (psychological ideas)

Accepted Answer

A) through the innate obviousness of our own experience. 
B) only by the phenomenal self we experience in this world. 
C) as both phenomenal and noumenal beings. 
D) not at all,since all out selves are made up of false and illusory judgments.

Question 5

Bertrand Russell
-Which of the following is not known by acquaintance?

Accepted Answer

A) Physical objects. 
B) Universals. 
C) Memories. 
D) Introspections.

Question 6

George Berkeley
-Philonous' analogy of letters representing ideas to the mind is an attempt to get Hylas to see that

Accepted Answer

A) the world is all an illusion. 
B) the world is represented to by the senses but is not made of matter. 
C) our perceptions are accurate of material reality,since God created it. 
D) all knowledge is unreliable.

Question 7

John Stuart Mill
-Mill states that in order for a moral philosophy to be binding,it must

Accepted Answer

A) derive its authority from a universal principle of morality. 
B) appeal to the conscientious feelings of mankind. 
C) oblige people to promote the general happiness. 
D) be secured by a social contract between the people in the society.

Question 8

Gottfried Leibniz
-If God created this particular world because it is the best,then if follows that the future of an individual's life,

Accepted Answer

A) is necessary,because it is the only plan which God can use to fulfill the divine purpose. 
B) can be changed by human will. 
C) is determined by human will,but God can use it for the divine purpose. 
D) is the one which God chose from many possible outcomes.

Question 9

John Locke
-All the ideas in the mind are derived from

Accepted Answer

A) modes,substances,and relations. 
B) combining ideas,comparing ideas,and separating ideas. 
C) change or power. 
D) sensation and reflection.

Question 10

Aristotle 
-Aristotle concludes happiness is

Accepted Answer

A) an exciting and thrilling feeling. 
B) that which draws us to higher goods. 
C) a pleasant and peaceful feeling. 
D) a way of life.

Question 11

Simone De Beauvoir
-Man's oppression of women is unique in the following ways except:

Accepted Answer

A) It has existed as long as the human species has. 
B) Women are not in the minority and yet are still oppressed. 
C) Women are seen as "other" by the group that oppresses them. 
D) Women are not separate from men in society broadly speaking.

Question 12

David Hume
-Effects and their causes are connected

Accepted Answer

A) by the principle of causality. 
B) by a series of demonstrative causes and effects. 
C) by scientifically observable phenomenon. 
D) They are not connected at all.

Question 13

Jacque Derrida, Of Grammatology (The Written Being/The Being Written)
-Derrida notes that Nietzsche did not view reading and writing as activities that uncovered objective meanings.Rather,Nietzsche thought that reading and writing "create meanings." It follows from this that

Accepted Answer

A) written words can express different ideas for different people,and there is not a correct interpretation of a writer's words. 
B) words are meaningless,and hence meaning must always be created. 
C) it is easy to communicate to other people the ideas that one intends to communicate. 
D) the meanings of words are fixed.

Question 14

Anselm (and Gaunilo)
-Anselm asserts that God,the being-than-which-none-greater-can-be-conceived,cannot even be thought to not exist because

Accepted Answer

A) that would lead to a contradiction. 
B) that would imply that God is an essence,not a substance. 
C) God is the unmoved mover,and to not exist would be to be moved. 
D) that would imply that God has no substance,which he has.

Question 15

René Descartes
-As an alternative to allowing for the existence of an immaterial substance that can have a causal relationship with a material substance,Princess Elizabeth is more inclined to allow for which kind of substance?

Accepted Answer

A) souls that do not correspond with bodies 
B) bodies that do not correspond with souls 
C) a non-material human body 
D) a soul with matter and extension

Question 16

George Berkeley
-If all matter is merely an idea,then all motion is

Accepted Answer

A) also an idea. 
B) the movement of matter,i.e.,ideas. 
C) the actions of the will. 
D) passive perception.

Question 17

Bertrand Russell
-According to Russell,the senses immediately tell us the truth about

Accepted Answer

A) certain sense-data or "appearances." 
B) the nature of the objects we are sensing. 
C) the operations of our sense organs. 
D) the ideas in the mind of God reflected in particular things.

Question 18

Jean-Jacques Rousseau
-When entering into the social contract,which of the following must the individual give up?

Accepted Answer

A) natural freedom 
B) the right to property 
C) natural rights 
D) the right of occupancy

Question 19

Socrates and Plato 
-Which of the following is not a characteristic of Socrates' theoretical society?

Accepted Answer

A) The community is formed because each person has needs which they cannot fulfill for themselves. 
B) There is no need for war. 
C) Trade develops as the population increases. 
D) The community is governed and protected by guardians.

Question 20

Immanuel Kant
-Morality is a part of material philosophy because of all of the following reasons except

Accepted Answer

A) morality relates to the decisions people make,and people are material beings. 
B) human will is affected by the world of material things. 
C) morality governs how people act in relation to each other. 
D) morality is determined by material human desires and impulses.

Exam 1: Ancient Greek Philosophy

Epictetus -Epictetus believes that we ought to live a life that is

Augustine -All natures which are contrary to God

David Hume -With regards to miracles,Hume believes that

Immanuel Kant -According to Kant,we know ourselves (psychological ideas)

Bertrand Russell -Which of the following is not known by acquaintance?

George Berkeley -Philonous' analogy of letters representing ideas to the mind is an attempt to get Hylas to see that

John Stuart Mill -Mill states that in order for a moral philosophy to be binding,it must

Gottfried Leibniz -If God created this particular world because it is the best,then if follows that the future of an individual's life,

John Locke -All the ideas in the mind are derived from

Aristotle -Aristotle concludes happiness is

Simone De Beauvoir -Man's oppression of women is unique in the following ways except:

David Hume -Effects and their causes are connected

Jacque Derrida, Of Grammatology (The Written Being/The Being Written) -Derrida notes that Nietzsche did not view reading and writing as activities that uncovered objective meanings.Rather,Nietzsche thought that reading and writing "create meanings." It follows from this that

Anselm (and Gaunilo) -Anselm asserts that God,the being-than-which-none-greater-can-be-conceived,cannot even be thought to not exist because

René Descartes -As an alternative to allowing for the existence of an immaterial substance that can have a causal relationship with a material substance,Princess Elizabeth is more inclined to allow for which kind of substance?

George Berkeley -If all matter is merely an idea,then all motion is

Bertrand Russell -According to Russell,the senses immediately tell us the truth about

Jean-Jacques Rousseau -When entering into the social contract,which of the following must the individual give up?

Socrates and Plato -Which of the following is not a characteristic of Socrates' theoretical society?

Immanuel Kant -Morality is a part of material philosophy because of all of the following reasons except