Question 1

Gottfried Leibniz
-Leibniz believes this world was created perfectly,by which he means

Accepted Answer

A)  there is no pain or evil present in this world.
B)  God created this world to be perfect,but that original perfection has been corrupted and turned into evil.
C)  this world is both the most real and simplest world which God could possibly make.
D)  this world is an extension of God's perfect nature. C

Question 2

René Descartes
-Descartes believes that while the mind is known by innate knowledge,the body

Accepted Answer

A)  is known by perception.
B)  is a logically proven substance.
C)  is known innately as well,for we cannot doubt that we have a body.
D)  cannot be known. A

Question 3

Aristotle 
-Aristotle's primary criticism of the first philosophers is that

Accepted Answer

A)  they argue minor points instead of synthesizing their beliefs.
B)  they fail to take all of the four causes into account.
C)  they do not acknowledge the unmoved mover.
D)  they agreed with Plato in this theory of the Forms. B

Question 4

Jean-Jacques Rousseau
-What does Rousseau say is "the real foundation of the society"?

Accepted Answer

A)  the act by which a nation becomes a nation
B)  the act by which a nation selects a sovereign
C)  the act by which a nation elects a representative democratic government
D)  the act by which a group of people rejects all governments and remains in a state of nature

Question 5

Socrates and Plato 
-In the dialogue concerning two sticks of unequal length,Socrates' point is that our recognition of inequality

Accepted Answer

A)  demonstrates that we have an understanding of equality and inequality prior to seeing particular equal or unequal objects.
B)  shows that the careful observation of sticks of different length reveals the nature of equality and inequality.
C)  shows that equality and inequality are relative terms,applicable only to particular objects and situations.
D)  is too abstract to be understood by reason alone.

Question 6

Epicurus 
-The purpose of the natural sciences is to

Accepted Answer

A)  remove our fear of nature.
B)  gain knowledge for its own sake.
C)  experience the inherent pleasure of learning.
D)  gain knowledge which can be used to make money.

Question 7

Willard Van Orman Quine
-Quine argues that the verification theory of meaning

Accepted Answer

A)  no longer has any influence.
B)  can be accepted as an adequate account of statement synonymy.
C)  claims every meaningful statement is analytic.
D)  mistakenly treats each statement in isolation.

Question 8

Gottfried Leibniz
-According to Leibniz,what exactly happens when he goes to get his paper each morning?

Accepted Answer

A)  He (Leibniz) opens the front door and picks up the paper.
B)  His mind perceives his hand reaching down and picking up the paper.
C)  His eyes see the door opening,and his hand lifting the paper.His hand moves down and then up.The paper comes off of the ground and rests in his hands.
D)  His mind perceives the paper and the door moving,but they are not actually,physically there.

Question 9

Epicurus 
-According to Epicurus,we can remove the fear of death by

Accepted Answer

A)  recognizing there are no gods to fear.
B)  removing the desire for immortality.
C)  living in such a way that we achieve immortality.
D)  not thinking about it.

Question 10

Socrates and Plato 
-According to Socrates,the soul

Accepted Answer

A)  is an integral part of the body.
B)  is part of a universal soul.
C)  is separate from the body and possessed knowledge before becoming attached to the body.
D)  recollects knowledge only by reflecting on abstract concepts.

Question 11

John Locke
-The idea of God is not innate because

Accepted Answer

A)  people who don't read scripture have no concept of God.
B)  to call the idea of God innate,everyone would have to know God.
C)  no ideas are innate.
D)  one can't conceive of God until other innate principles are in place.

Question 12

Mary Wollstonecraft
-Which of the following is NOT a fault of female education?

Accepted Answer

A)  Women only seek their own pleasure and amusement.
B)  Women are forced into adulthood when they marry.
C)  Women's bodies are sickly and stunted in growth.
D)  Women merely parrot other men's ideas.

Question 13

Socrates and Plato 
-According to Socrates,the "laws of Athens" conclude that justice

Accepted Answer

A)  is socially constructed.
B)  is more important than friends,family,or one's own life.
C)  has been corrupted by the people in power and therefore Socrates is under no obligation to obey.
D)  only matters if it benefits the community as a whole.

Question 14

Baruch Spinoza
-According to Spinoza,the way that God produced things could not be any way other than what is the case because

Accepted Answer

A)  this would be inconsistent with the laws of nature.
B)  the way that God produced things works exceedingly well.
C)  this would require or at least make possible that God's nature is different.
D)  All of the above.

Question 15

Friedrich Nietzsche
-According to Nietzsche,once all humans have fully reconciled their own Apollonian and Dionysian impulses,then

Accepted Answer

A)  they will become true artists.
B)  they will become a mystical Oneness.
C)  most will become Apollonian slaves and a few will become Dionysian Ubermenschen.
D)  None of the above.The two parts of Greek tragedy can never be reconciled.

Question 16

Socrates and Plato 
-Socrates states that injustice results when

Accepted Answer

A)  the guardians do not allow the common people a say in the government.
B)  one part of the soul does not fulfill its proper function.
C)  people are forced to suppress their instincts.
D)  individuals are inconvenienced or harmed for the sake of the community.

Question 17

Socrates and Plato 
-The most important quality that a guardian possesses is

Accepted Answer

A)  gentleness to the community and viciousness to its enemies.
B)  a dispassionate,meek temperament.
C)  relying on instinct,not knowledge.
D)  a love for the spirit of inclusion and democracy.

Question 18

René Descartes
-Since the body and the mind are distinct substances,it follows that

Accepted Answer

A)  people are limited creatures.
B)  they can never really interact.
C)  the nature of reality is totally unknown.
D)  the body is merely an illusion.

Question 19

Moses Maimonides
-In discussing motion,Maimonides claims that

Accepted Answer

A)  all objects in motion tend to stay in motion.
B)  things that move are indivisible.
C)  whatever is indivisible must be corporeal (i.e.,have a body) .
D)  any corporeal thing must move itself in order to move another.

Question 20

Ludwig Wittgenstein
-Augustine's description of how one learns language is

Accepted Answer

A)  a legitimate description of one use of language.
B)  not even a description of a system of communication.
C)  a complete description of language,but not of communication.
D)  dangerously wrong.

Exam 1: Ancient Greek Philosophy

Gottfried Leibniz -Leibniz believes this world was created perfectly,by which he means

René Descartes -Descartes believes that while the mind is known by innate knowledge,the body

Aristotle -Aristotle's primary criticism of the first philosophers is that

Jean-Jacques Rousseau -What does Rousseau say is "the real foundation of the society"?

Socrates and Plato -In the dialogue concerning two sticks of unequal length,Socrates' point is that our recognition of inequality

Epicurus -The purpose of the natural sciences is to

Willard Van Orman Quine -Quine argues that the verification theory of meaning

Gottfried Leibniz -According to Leibniz,what exactly happens when he goes to get his paper each morning?

Epicurus -According to Epicurus,we can remove the fear of death by

Socrates and Plato -According to Socrates,the soul

John Locke -The idea of God is not innate because

Mary Wollstonecraft -Which of the following is NOT a fault of female education?

Socrates and Plato -According to Socrates,the "laws of Athens" conclude that justice

Baruch Spinoza -According to Spinoza,the way that God produced things could not be any way other than what is the case because

Friedrich Nietzsche -According to Nietzsche,once all humans have fully reconciled their own Apollonian and Dionysian impulses,then

Socrates and Plato -Socrates states that injustice results when

Socrates and Plato -The most important quality that a guardian possesses is

René Descartes -Since the body and the mind are distinct substances,it follows that

Moses Maimonides -In discussing motion,Maimonides claims that

Ludwig Wittgenstein -Augustine's description of how one learns language is