Question 1

Given the structure of D-altrose below, draw the structure of L-altrose.

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Question 2

When D-(+)-xylose is treated with nitric acid, which of the following results?

Accepted Answer

A)  a racemic mixture of aldaric acids 
B)  an optically active aldaric acid 
C)  an optically inactive aldaric acid 
D)  an optically active aldonic acid 
E)  an optically inactive aldonic acid 
A)  a racemic mixture of aldaric acids 
B)  an optically active aldaric acid 
C)  an optically inactive aldaric acid 
D)  an optically active aldonic acid 
E)  an optically inactive aldonic acid C

Question 3

Stereoisomeric aldohexoses that differ in configuration at only a single carbon are:

Accepted Answer

A)  meso compounds. 
B)  threo sugars. 
C)  enantiomers. 
D)  constitutional isomers. 
E)  epimers. 
A)  meso compounds. 
B)  threo sugars. 
C)  enantiomers. 
D)  constitutional isomers. 
E)  epimers. E

Question 4

Provide the structure of the open-chain form of L-altrose.

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Question 5

Provide the structure of adenosine monophosphate.

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Question 6

What is the major structural difference between a ribonucleoside and a ribonucleotide?

Accepted Answer

A ribonucleotide is

Question 7

Draw the Haworth structure of the β-pyranose form of the monosaccharide shown below.

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Question 8

Draw the Fischer projection of (2S,3R)-2,3-dihydroxybutanoic acid, and label it as erythro or threo.

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Question 9

Draw the Haworth structure of β-D-glucopyranose.

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Question 10

What nucleophilic carbon species is used in the Kiliani-Fischer synthesis?

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Question 11

Draw the Haworth structure of the α-furanose form of the monosaccharide shown below.

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Question 12

How many asymmetric centers are present in the open chain form of the aldohexose D-(-)-gulose?

Accepted Answer

A)  0 
B)  1 
C)  2 
D)  4 
E)  5 
A)  0 
B)  1 
C)  2 
D)  4 
E)  5

Question 13

Fructose forms:

Accepted Answer

A)  a five-membered cyclic hemiacetal. 
B)  a six-membered cyclic hemiacetal. 
C)  a six-membered lactone. 
D)  a five-membered lactone. 
E)  none of the above 
A)  a five-membered cyclic hemiacetal. 
B)  a six-membered cyclic hemiacetal. 
C)  a six-membered lactone. 
D)  a five-membered lactone. 
E)  none of the above

Question 14

Draw the Haworth structure of the β-furanose form of the monosaccharide shown below.

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Question 15

An optically active D-aldopentose produced an optically inactive alditol upon treatment with NaBH4. When this aldopentose was subjected to a Ruff degradation, a D-aldotetrose was generated. This aldotetrose gave an optically active aldaric acid upon oxidation with HNO3. Use these data to provide the structure of the starting D-aldopentose.

Accepted Answer

Question 16

Draw the Fischer projection of the open chain form of D-arabinose.

Accepted Answer

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Question 17

Provide the structure of guanosine.

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Question 18

Alpha-D-Glucopyranose will chemically react with t-butanol (aglycone) under acidic conditions in the formation of a glycoside. Show the structure of the final product of this reaction in the chair conformation.

Accepted Answer

Formation of a glyco

Question 19

Most monosaccharides are highly water soluble. Offer an explanation.

Accepted Answer

The presence of a large number

Question 20

Name the two purine bases which serve as components in ribonucleosides.

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Exam 23: Carbohydrates and Nucleic Acids

Given the structure of D-altrose below, draw the structure of L-altrose.

When D-(+)-xylose is treated with nitric acid, which of the following results?

Stereoisomeric aldohexoses that differ in configuration at only a single carbon are:

Provide the structure of the open-chain form of L-altrose.

Provide the structure of adenosine monophosphate.

What is the major structural difference between a ribonucleoside and a ribonucleotide?

Draw the Haworth structure of the β-pyranose form of the monosaccharide shown below.

Draw the Fischer projection of (2S,3R)-2,3-dihydroxybutanoic acid, and label it as erythro or threo.

Draw the Haworth structure of β-D-glucopyranose.

What nucleophilic carbon species is used in the Kiliani-Fischer synthesis?

Draw the Haworth structure of the α-furanose form of the monosaccharide shown below.

How many asymmetric centers are present in the open chain form of the aldohexose D-(-)-gulose?

Fructose forms:

Draw the Haworth structure of the β-furanose form of the monosaccharide shown below.

Draw the Fischer projection of the open chain form of D-arabinose.

Provide the structure of guanosine.

Alpha-D-Glucopyranose will chemically react with t-butanol (aglycone) under acidic conditions in the formation of a glycoside. Show the structure of the final product of this reaction in the chair conformation.

Most monosaccharides are highly water soluble. Offer an explanation.

Name the two purine bases which serve as components in ribonucleosides.

Introduction and Review

Structure and Properties of Organic Molecules

Structure and Stereochemistry of Alkanes

The Study of Chemical Reactions

Stereochemistry

Alkyl Halides: Nucleophilic Substitution and Elimination

Structure and Synthesis of Alkenes

Reactions of Alkenes

Alkynes

Structure and Synthesis of Alcohols

Reactions of Alcohols

Infrared Spectroscopy and Mass Spectrometry

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Ethers, Epoxides, and Thioethers

Conjugated Systems, Orbital Symmetry, and Ultraviolet Spectroscopy

Aromatic Compounds

Reactions of Aromatic Compounds

Ketones and Aldehydes

Amines

Carboxylic Acids

Carboxylic Acid Derivatives

Condensations and Alpha Substitutions of Carboxyl Compounds

Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins

Lipids

Synthetic Polymers

Filters

_{When D-(+)-xylose is treated with nitric acid, which of the following results?}