Question 1

Which statement describes the missing piece of evidence that would confirm that folic acid reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease?

Accepted Answer

A) Observational studies that show a direct relationship between the levels of homocysteine in the blood and the risk of cardiovascular disease. 
B) Observational studies that show an inverse relationship between folic acid and the risk of cardiovascular disease. 
C) Intervention trials that show that folic acid supplementation reduces the levels of homocysteine in the blood. 
D) Intervention trials that show that folic acid supplementation reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease. 
A) Observational studies that show a direct relationship between the levels of homocysteine in the blood and the risk of cardiovascular disease. 
B) Observational studies that show an inverse relationship between folic acid and the risk of cardiovascular disease. 
C) Intervention trials that show that folic acid supplementation reduces the levels of homocysteine in the blood. 
D) Intervention trials that show that folic acid supplementation reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease.

Question 2

Which lifestyle factor has the greatest impact on the requirement for vitamin C?

Accepted Answer

A) drinking alcohol 
B) exercising frequently and intensely 
C) smoking cigarettes 
D) eating a diet high in fibre 
A) drinking alcohol 
B) exercising frequently and intensely 
C) smoking cigarettes 
D) eating a diet high in fibre

Question 3

What is indicated by the presence of megaloblasts in the blood?

Accepted Answer

A) Excessive intake of folate that promotes megaloblast and macrocyte formation. 
B) Anemia because megaloblasts cannot be converted into macrocytes. 
C) Anemia because megaloblasts cannot be converted into red blood cells. 
D) Excessive intake of vitamin B12 that promotes megaloblast and macrocyte formation. 
A) Excessive intake of folate that promotes megaloblast and macrocyte formation. 
B) Anemia because megaloblasts cannot be converted into macrocytes. 
C) Anemia because megaloblasts cannot be converted into red blood cells. 
D) Excessive intake of vitamin B12 that promotes megaloblast and macrocyte formation.

Question 4

Why was an AI,rather than an RDA,established for biotin?

Accepted Answer

A) There is no need for an RDA because biotin is produced by gastrointestinal bacteria. 
B) The AI is a more precise estimate of nutrient requirements than the RDA. 
C) The AI meets the needs of 50% of the population. 
D) It was not possible to establish an RDA because biotin,from gastrointestinal bacteria,is bioavailable. 
A) There is no need for an RDA because biotin is produced by gastrointestinal bacteria. 
B) The AI is a more precise estimate of nutrient requirements than the RDA. 
C) The AI meets the needs of 50% of the population. 
D) It was not possible to establish an RDA because biotin,from gastrointestinal bacteria,is bioavailable.

Question 5

Which group is LEAST at risk for developing vitamin C deficiency?

Accepted Answer

A) adults who consume plenty of fruits and vegetables 
B) infants fed cow's milk 
C) alcoholics 
D) elderly people consuming nutrient poor diets 
A) adults who consume plenty of fruits and vegetables 
B) infants fed cow's milk 
C) alcoholics 
D) elderly people consuming nutrient poor diets

Question 6

Why is folate important for rapidly-dividing cells?

Accepted Answer

A) it is required for homocysteine synthesis 
B) it is required for DNA synthesis 
C) it is essential for lipid metabolism 
D) it functions in the transfer of hydroxyl groups between molecules. 
A) it is required for homocysteine synthesis 
B) it is required for DNA synthesis 
C) it is essential for lipid metabolism 
D) it functions in the transfer of hydroxyl groups between molecules.

Question 7

Which of the following statements regarding vitamin B12 is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) No toxic effects have been reported with excess Vitamin B12 intakes of up to 100 µg/day from food or supplements. 
B) Vitamin B12 deficiency causes anemia. 
C) Supplements of vitamin B12 are available in both oral and injectable forms. 
D) Vitamin B12 supplements have been proven to aid tired,run-down individuals. 
A) No toxic effects have been reported with excess Vitamin B12 intakes of up to 100 µg/day from food or supplements. 
B) Vitamin B12 deficiency causes anemia. 
C) Supplements of vitamin B12 are available in both oral and injectable forms. 
D) Vitamin B12 supplements have been proven to aid tired,run-down individuals.

Question 8

What is a common adverse reaction of high doses of niacin?

Accepted Answer

A) dermatitis. 
B) flushing of the skin. 
C) dementia. 
D) hives. 
A) dermatitis. 
B) flushing of the skin. 
C) dementia. 
D) hives.

Question 9

Which of the following statements about B12 deficiency is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) It can take many years on a deficient diet for symptoms to appear. 
B) Symptoms include neurological problems. 
C) It can be deadly. 
D) Deficiency is common among young adults eating a mixed diet. 
A) It can take many years on a deficient diet for symptoms to appear. 
B) Symptoms include neurological problems. 
C) It can be deadly. 
D) Deficiency is common among young adults eating a mixed diet.

Question 10

Which statement best describes pantothenic acid intake?

Accepted Answer

A) Pantothenic acid toxicity is common among chronic alcoholics 
B) Pantothenic acid deficiency is rare,except among consumers of unfortified rice. 
C) Pantothenic acid deficiency is rare. 
D) Pantothenic acid toxicity is associated with excessive consumption of eggs. 
A) Pantothenic acid toxicity is common among chronic alcoholics 
B) Pantothenic acid deficiency is rare,except among consumers of unfortified rice. 
C) Pantothenic acid deficiency is rare. 
D) Pantothenic acid toxicity is associated with excessive consumption of eggs.

Question 11

Choline deficiency causes problems primarily in which organ?

Accepted Answer

A) kidney 
B) stomach 
C) liver 
D) brain 
A) kidney 
B) stomach 
C) liver 
D) brain

Question 12

What is the purpose of using dietary folate equivalents to report folate intake from all sources?

Accepted Answer

A) To account for the fact that naturally-occurring folate is more bioavailable that synthetic folic acid. 
B) To account for the fact that synthetic folic acid is more bioavailable that naturally-occurring folate. 
C) To account for the fact that synthetic folic acid is more bioavailable from supplements than fortified food. 
D) To account for the fact that fortified foods contain only the synthetic folic acid. 
A) To account for the fact that naturally-occurring folate is more bioavailable that synthetic folic acid. 
B) To account for the fact that synthetic folic acid is more bioavailable that naturally-occurring folate. 
C) To account for the fact that synthetic folic acid is more bioavailable from supplements than fortified food. 
D) To account for the fact that fortified foods contain only the synthetic folic acid.

Question 13

Which of the following statements regarding the disease pellagra is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A) It was originally thought to be an infectious disease. 
B) It is caused by a thiamin deficiency. 
C) Symptoms include increased appetite and constipation. 
D) It results from nutrient toxicity. 
A) It was originally thought to be an infectious disease. 
B) It is caused by a thiamin deficiency. 
C) Symptoms include increased appetite and constipation. 
D) It results from nutrient toxicity.

Question 14

.Under way circumstances do thiamin supplements enhance the production of ATP?

Accepted Answer

A) When consumed in high doses by someone with an adequate dietary intake 
B) When consumed in high doses by someone with thamine deficiency 
C) When consumed in moderate doses by someone with an adequate intake 
D) All of the above. 
A) When consumed in high doses by someone with an adequate dietary intake 
B) When consumed in high doses by someone with thamine deficiency 
C) When consumed in moderate doses by someone with an adequate intake 
D) All of the above.

Question 15

Consumption of orange juice enhances the absorption of which mineral?

Accepted Answer

A) calcium 
B) iron 
C) zinc 
D) fluoride 
A) calcium 
B) iron 
C) zinc 
D) fluoride

Exam 8: A: the Water-Soluble Vitamins

Which statement describes the missing piece of evidence that would confirm that folic acid reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease?

Which lifestyle factor has the greatest impact on the requirement for vitamin C?

What is indicated by the presence of megaloblasts in the blood?

Why was an AI,rather than an RDA,established for biotin?

Which group is LEAST at risk for developing vitamin C deficiency?

Why is folate important for rapidly-dividing cells?

Which of the following statements regarding vitamin B12 is FALSE?

What is a common adverse reaction of high doses of niacin?

Which of the following statements about B12 deficiency is FALSE?

Which statement best describes pantothenic acid intake?

Choline deficiency causes problems primarily in which organ?

What is the purpose of using dietary folate equivalents to report folate intake from all sources?

Which of the following statements regarding the disease pellagra is TRUE?

.Under way circumstances do thiamin supplements enhance the production of ATP?

Consumption of orange juice enhances the absorption of which mineral?

Nutrition: Food for Health

Nutrition Guidelines: Applying the Science of Nutrition

Digestion, Absorption, and Metabolism

Carbohydrates: Sugars, Starches, and Fibre

Lipids

Proteins and Amino Acids

Energy Balance and Weight Management

The Fat-Soluble Vitamins

Water and the Electrolytes

Major Minerals and Bone Health

The Trace Elements

Nutrition and Physical Activity

Nutrition During Pregnancy and Lactation

Nutrition From Infancy to Adolescence

Nutrition and Aging: the Adult Years

Food Safety

World Hunger and Malnutrition

Focus 1: Focus on Beyond the Basics

Focus 2: Focus on Alcohol

Focus 3: Focus on Obesity, Metabolism, and Disease Risk

Focus 4: Focus on Phytochemicals

Focus5:focus on Natural Health Products

Focus 6: Focus on Integrating Nutrient Function in the Body

Focus 7: Focus on Eating Disorders

Focus 8: Focus on Biotechnology

Filters

Which of the following statements regarding vitamin B₁₂ is FALSE?

Which of the following statements about B₁₂ deficiency is FALSE?