Question 1

Why is it especially important for the elderly to eat a nutrient-dense diet?

Accepted Answer

The elderly have a reduced ability to use energy,yet do not have a reduced need for nutrients,so they need to eat foods that have lots of nutrients for a small amount of energy.

Question 2

Explain why older adults have differing nutritional needs due to physiological changes as well as disease and prescription drug use.How can good exercise and dietary habits prevent deterioration due to aging?

Accepted Answer

Changes in the gastrointestinal tract can alter appetite/food appeal,nutrient digestion and absorption,and nutrient requirements.As people age,there is a decrease in stored nutrients and immune function.Older adults also have at least one chronic disease,which can change dietary intake.Medications can have side effects of suppressing appetite,nutrient absorption,metabolism,and nutrient excretion.Good nutrition,diet and exercise can extend 'healthy life years' by preventing malnutrition and preventing or delaying chronic illness.Exercise will also maintain lean tissue and allow for greater food intake so nutrition needs are more likely to be met.Exercise will also help maintain balance so falls are less likely and help prevent bone loss/osteopenia.

Question 3

What are the implications of the sensory changes typically observed in the older adult?

Accepted Answer

A) impaired taste and smell result in improved nutritional status 
B) changes in taste and smell typically enhance food intake 
C) vision problems have no impact on nutritional status 
D) sensory decline makes it more difficult for the older adult to eat a balanced diet 
A) impaired taste and smell result in improved nutritional status 
B) changes in taste and smell typically enhance food intake 
C) vision problems have no impact on nutritional status 
D) sensory decline makes it more difficult for the older adult to eat a balanced diet D

Question 4

What condition MOST commonly causes decreased mobility in older adults?

Accepted Answer

A) hypertension 
B) arthritis 
C) diabetes 
D) heart disease 
A) hypertension 
B) arthritis 
C) diabetes 
D) heart disease

Question 5

Why are the recommendations from the Canada's Food Guide different for those aged 19-50 years and those over the age of 51?

Accepted Answer

Older individuals require less

Question 6

What is the best assessment of the scientific evidence that glucosamine and chondroitin supplements effect arthritis pain?

Accepted Answer

A) There is no evidence that the supplements are beneficial. 
B) There is strong evidence that the supplements are beneficial. 
C) There are too few studies to make an assessment of the evidence. 
D) Studies are mixed with some showing benefit and some not. 
A) There is no evidence that the supplements are beneficial. 
B) There is strong evidence that the supplements are beneficial. 
C) There are too few studies to make an assessment of the evidence. 
D) Studies are mixed with some showing benefit and some not.

Question 7

Inadequate zinc status in older adults can cause which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) reduced immune function 
B) reduced wound healing 
C) loss of taste acuity 
D) All of the above answer choices are correct. 
A) reduced immune function 
B) reduced wound healing 
C) loss of taste acuity 
D) All of the above answer choices are correct.

Question 8

How does the RDA for protein in older adults differ from that of younger adults?

Accepted Answer

A) It is less than the recommendation for younger adults because of decreased energy requirement. 
B) It is the same as younger adults. 
C) It is greater than the recommendation for younger adults because absorption and utilization are not as good. 
D) It is greater than the recommendation for younger adults to prevent the decline in cell number. 
A) It is less than the recommendation for younger adults because of decreased energy requirement. 
B) It is the same as younger adults. 
C) It is greater than the recommendation for younger adults because absorption and utilization are not as good. 
D) It is greater than the recommendation for younger adults to prevent the decline in cell number.

Question 9

"Metformin,a diabetes drug,can reduce the absorption of vitamin B12." What is being described?

Accepted Answer

A) how a food can interfere with the action of a drug. 
B) how a drug can negatively affect nutritional status. 
C) how a drug can positively affect nutritional status. 
D) How a drug can reduce the risk of anemia. 
A) how a food can interfere with the action of a drug. 
B) how a drug can negatively affect nutritional status. 
C) how a drug can positively affect nutritional status. 
D) How a drug can reduce the risk of anemia.

Question 10

Which of the following changes in body composition naturally occur as a person ages past 50?

Accepted Answer

A) body fat increases,bone density decreases 
B) muscle mass increases,body fat increases 
C) muscle mass increases,bone density increases 
D) muscles mass decreases,body fat decreases 
A) body fat increases,bone density decreases 
B) muscle mass increases,body fat increases 
C) muscle mass increases,bone density increases 
D) muscles mass decreases,body fat decreases

Question 11

What is sarcopenia?

Accepted Answer

A) an increase of abdominal fat that occurs with age. 
B) a decrease of fat on hips and thighs that occurs with age. 
C) a decrease of muscle mass and strength that occurs with age. 
D) gains in lean body mass that older people make when they perform resistance exercise. 
A) an increase of abdominal fat that occurs with age. 
B) a decrease of fat on hips and thighs that occurs with age. 
C) a decrease of muscle mass and strength that occurs with age. 
D) gains in lean body mass that older people make when they perform resistance exercise.

Question 12

Which statement about immunity and the elderly is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) The effectiveness of immunizations declines with age. 
B) The incidence of autoimmune disorders increases with age. 
C) Supplementation of zinc,copper,and iron no longer improve immune response. 
D) The ability of the immune system to fight disease declines with age. 
A) The effectiveness of immunizations declines with age. 
B) The incidence of autoimmune disorders increases with age. 
C) Supplementation of zinc,copper,and iron no longer improve immune response. 
D) The ability of the immune system to fight disease declines with age.

Question 13

A decrease in the hormone melatonin is MOST likely to cause what condition?

Accepted Answer

A) a decline in the sense of taste. 
B) a decrease in appetite. 
C) altered body rhythms. 
D) hair loss. 
A) a decline in the sense of taste. 
B) a decrease in appetite. 
C) altered body rhythms. 
D) hair loss.

Question 14

Older adults would benefit from supplements for which nutrients?

Accepted Answer

A) Zinc (to prevent the masking of zinc deficiency by copper)and vitamin B12 (because older adults are at risk of atrophic gastritis) 
B) Vitamin D (because of declining biosynthesis by the skin)and vitamin B12 ((because older adults are at risk of atrophic gastritis) 
C) Vitamin D (because of excessive excretion by the kidney)and vitamin B12 (because of masking of deficiency by excessive intakes of folate) 
D) Calcium (to improve bone health)and iron (to prevent anemia) 
A) Zinc (to prevent the masking of zinc deficiency by copper)and vitamin B12 (because older adults are at risk of atrophic gastritis) 
B) Vitamin D (because of declining biosynthesis by the skin)and vitamin B12 ((because older adults are at risk of atrophic gastritis) 
C) Vitamin D (because of excessive excretion by the kidney)and vitamin B12 (because of masking of deficiency by excessive intakes of folate) 
D) Calcium (to improve bone health)and iron (to prevent anemia)

Question 15

Which of the following statements regarding body composition,in the older adult,is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) The prevalence of obesity declines for adults in their 70s and 80s. 
B) Extreme thinness and unintentional weight loss are important health risks for the elderly. 
C) Low BMI is associated with a lower risk of mortality. 
D) Menopause has been associated with a change in body composition. 
A) The prevalence of obesity declines for adults in their 70s and 80s. 
B) Extreme thinness and unintentional weight loss are important health risks for the elderly. 
C) Low BMI is associated with a lower risk of mortality. 
D) Menopause has been associated with a change in body composition.

Question 16

How many minutes/week of aerobic physical activity does the Canadian Physical Activity Guidelines for older adults recommend?

Accepted Answer

A) 30 min.of moderate intensity 
B) 60 min.of moderate intensity 
C) 150 min.of gentle-to-moderate intensity 
D) 150 min.of moderate-to-vigorous intensity 
A) 30 min.of moderate intensity 
B) 60 min.of moderate intensity 
C) 150 min.of gentle-to-moderate intensity 
D) 150 min.of moderate-to-vigorous intensity

Question 17

Preventing food insecurity involves which of the following actions?

Accepted Answer

A) Reducing income so that nutrient-dense food can be easily purchased. 
B) Overcoming physical limitations that restrict mobility 
C) Attending social programs like Meals on Wheels,which promotes congregate dinners. 
D) Two of the above. 
A) Reducing income so that nutrient-dense food can be easily purchased. 
B) Overcoming physical limitations that restrict mobility 
C) Attending social programs like Meals on Wheels,which promotes congregate dinners. 
D) Two of the above.

Question 18

In animal studies,which is NOT an effect of kcaloric restricted,but nutrient-replete diets?

Accepted Answer

A) increasing brain atrophy 
B) improving immune function. 
C) increasing resistance to numerous stressors and toxins. 
D) lowering incidence of diabetes,cancer,cardiovascular disease,and brain atrophy. 
A) increasing brain atrophy 
B) improving immune function. 
C) increasing resistance to numerous stressors and toxins. 
D) lowering incidence of diabetes,cancer,cardiovascular disease,and brain atrophy.

Question 19

What characterizes physical frailty?

Accepted Answer

A) general weakness. 
B) impaired mobility and balance. 
C) poor endurance. 
D) All of the above answer choices are correct. 
A) general weakness. 
B) impaired mobility and balance. 
C) poor endurance. 
D) All of the above answer choices are correct.

Question 20

How does the approach to weight loss in older adults differ from younger adults?

Accepted Answer

A) There is more emphasis on maintaining micronutrient intake. 
B) Reduction in total caloric intake is more important in the older adult. 
C) There is more emphasis on preserving lean body mass during weight loss. 
D) Weight loss is more critical in the older adult as the risk of death associated with obesity increases. 
A) There is more emphasis on maintaining micronutrient intake. 
B) Reduction in total caloric intake is more important in the older adult. 
C) There is more emphasis on preserving lean body mass during weight loss. 
D) Weight loss is more critical in the older adult as the risk of death associated with obesity increases.

Exam 16: Nutrition and Aging: the Adult Years

Why is it especially important for the elderly to eat a nutrient-dense diet?

Explain why older adults have differing nutritional needs due to physiological changes as well as disease and prescription drug use.How can good exercise and dietary habits prevent deterioration due to aging?

What are the implications of the sensory changes typically observed in the older adult?

What condition MOST commonly causes decreased mobility in older adults?

Why are the recommendations from the Canada's Food Guide different for those aged 19-50 years and those over the age of 51?

What is the best assessment of the scientific evidence that glucosamine and chondroitin supplements effect arthritis pain?

Inadequate zinc status in older adults can cause which of the following?

How does the RDA for protein in older adults differ from that of younger adults?

"Metformin,a diabetes drug,can reduce the absorption of vitamin B12." What is being described?

Which of the following changes in body composition naturally occur as a person ages past 50?

What is sarcopenia?

Which statement about immunity and the elderly is FALSE?

A decrease in the hormone melatonin is MOST likely to cause what condition?

Older adults would benefit from supplements for which nutrients?

Which of the following statements regarding body composition,in the older adult,is FALSE?

How many minutes/week of aerobic physical activity does the Canadian Physical Activity Guidelines for older adults recommend?

Preventing food insecurity involves which of the following actions?

In animal studies,which is NOT an effect of kcaloric restricted,but nutrient-replete diets?

What characterizes physical frailty?

How does the approach to weight loss in older adults differ from younger adults?

Nutrition: Food for Health

Nutrition Guidelines: Applying the Science of Nutrition

Digestion, Absorption, and Metabolism

Carbohydrates: Sugars, Starches, and Fibre

Lipids

Proteins and Amino Acids

Energy Balance and Weight Management

A: the Water-Soluble Vitamins

The Fat-Soluble Vitamins

Water and the Electrolytes

Major Minerals and Bone Health

The Trace Elements

Nutrition and Physical Activity

Nutrition During Pregnancy and Lactation

Nutrition From Infancy to Adolescence

Food Safety

World Hunger and Malnutrition

Focus 1: Focus on Beyond the Basics

Focus 2: Focus on Alcohol

Focus 3: Focus on Obesity, Metabolism, and Disease Risk

Focus 4: Focus on Phytochemicals

Focus5:focus on Natural Health Products

Focus 6: Focus on Integrating Nutrient Function in the Body

Focus 7: Focus on Eating Disorders

Focus 8: Focus on Biotechnology

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