Question 1

Obesity does NOT increase the risk of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) cardiovascular disease. 
B) type 2 diabetes. 
C) osteoporosis. 
D) sleep apnea. 
A) cardiovascular disease. 
B) type 2 diabetes. 
C) osteoporosis. 
D) sleep apnea. C

Question 2

Which of the following statements about insulin resistance is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) Insulin resistance refers to a situation when tissues become less responsive to insulin. 
B) As a result of insulin resistance,the pancreas must secrete more insulin to maintain normal blood glucose levels. 
C) Insulin resistance is the first step of a sequence of events leading to type 2 diabetes. 
D) Individuals with insulin resistance and a fully functional pancreas have very low blood insulin levels. 
A) Insulin resistance refers to a situation when tissues become less responsive to insulin. 
B) As a result of insulin resistance,the pancreas must secrete more insulin to maintain normal blood glucose levels. 
C) Insulin resistance is the first step of a sequence of events leading to type 2 diabetes. 
D) Individuals with insulin resistance and a fully functional pancreas have very low blood insulin levels. D

Question 3

A condition where the cartilage cushioning the joints breaks down and gradually becomes rougher and thinner.What is being described?

Accepted Answer

A) Osteoarthritis 
B) Osteoporosis 
C) Sciatica 
D) Apnea 
A) Osteoarthritis 
B) Osteoporosis 
C) Sciatica 
D) Apnea A

Question 4

An individual whose muscle,liver,and adipose tissue is NOT responsive to insulin has what condition?

Accepted Answer

A) insulin-sensitivity. 
B) low blood glucose levels. 
C) low blood levels of free fatty acids. 
D) insulin-resistance 
A) insulin-sensitivity. 
B) low blood glucose levels. 
C) low blood levels of free fatty acids. 
D) insulin-resistance

Question 5

What is secreted by the beta-cells?

Accepted Answer

A) glucagon 
B) insulin 
C) epinephrine 
D) glucose 
A) glucagon 
B) insulin 
C) epinephrine 
D) glucose

Question 6

Obesity increases the risk of which cancers?

Accepted Answer

A) breast cancer 
B) colorectal cancer 
C) endometrial cancer 
D) All of the above answer choices are correct. 
A) breast cancer 
B) colorectal cancer 
C) endometrial cancer 
D) All of the above answer choices are correct.

Question 7

Among the following statements about sleep apnea,which one is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) Sleep apnea is a benign condition. 
B) Sleep apnea is associated with brief interruptions of breathing. 
C) Patients with sleep apnea sleep poorly and wake up tired. 
D) Sleep apnea is common in obese individuals. 
A) Sleep apnea is a benign condition. 
B) Sleep apnea is associated with brief interruptions of breathing. 
C) Patients with sleep apnea sleep poorly and wake up tired. 
D) Sleep apnea is common in obese individuals.

Question 8

How does insulin impact estrogen metabolism?

Accepted Answer

A) by interfering in estrogen production 
B) by increasing the number of estrogen transporters in the blood 
C) by stimulating the action of the enzyme responsible for estrogen destruction 
D) by suppressing the synthesis of SHBG in the liver,increasing the amount of free estrogen available to tissue. 
A) by interfering in estrogen production 
B) by increasing the number of estrogen transporters in the blood 
C) by stimulating the action of the enzyme responsible for estrogen destruction 
D) by suppressing the synthesis of SHBG in the liver,increasing the amount of free estrogen available to tissue.

Question 9

Among the following statements about relationships between obesity and gallstones,which one is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) When an individual is obese,the liver produces too much cholesterol which deposits in the gallbladder and forms stones. 
B) When an obese individual loses weight rapidly,the risk of gallstones increases as lipids released from body stores increase the synthesis of cholesterol. 
C) Gallstones are deposits of cholesterol,bile pigments,and calcium. 
D) The more obese an individual is,the lower the risk of developing gallstones. 
A) When an individual is obese,the liver produces too much cholesterol which deposits in the gallbladder and forms stones. 
B) When an obese individual loses weight rapidly,the risk of gallstones increases as lipids released from body stores increase the synthesis of cholesterol. 
C) Gallstones are deposits of cholesterol,bile pigments,and calcium. 
D) The more obese an individual is,the lower the risk of developing gallstones.

Question 10

Which of the following statements about gout and uric acid is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) Gout is a joint disease caused by high levels of uric acid in the blood. 
B) The high levels of uric acid and its waste products may form solid stones that become deposited in joints,causing pain. 
C) Gout is more common in overweight people,compared to lean people. 
D) The synthesis of uric acid has been found to decrease with insulin resistance. 
A) Gout is a joint disease caused by high levels of uric acid in the blood. 
B) The high levels of uric acid and its waste products may form solid stones that become deposited in joints,causing pain. 
C) Gout is more common in overweight people,compared to lean people. 
D) The synthesis of uric acid has been found to decrease with insulin resistance.

Question 11

How does the insulin resistant state differ from the insulin-sensitive state?

Accepted Answer

A) In the insulin-resistant state,free fatty acid release,from adipose tissue,is decreased. 
B) In the insulin-resistant state,free fatty acid release,from adipose tissue,is increased because hormone-sensitive lipase is suppressed. 
C) In the insulin-resistant state,free fatty acid release,from adipose tissue,is increased because hormone-sensitive lipase is NOT suppressed. 
D) In the insulin-resistant state,triglyceride release,from adipose tissue,is increased because hormone-sensitive lipase is NOT suppressed. 
A) In the insulin-resistant state,free fatty acid release,from adipose tissue,is decreased. 
B) In the insulin-resistant state,free fatty acid release,from adipose tissue,is increased because hormone-sensitive lipase is suppressed. 
C) In the insulin-resistant state,free fatty acid release,from adipose tissue,is increased because hormone-sensitive lipase is NOT suppressed. 
D) In the insulin-resistant state,triglyceride release,from adipose tissue,is increased because hormone-sensitive lipase is NOT suppressed.

Question 12

How does the insulin resistant state differ from the insulin-sensitive state?

Accepted Answer

A) In the insulin resistant state,VLDL secretion from the liver is decreased and gluconeogenesis is decreased. 
B) In the insulin resistant state,VLDL secretion from the liver is increased and gluconeogenesis is decreased. 
C) In the insulin resistant state,VLDL secretion from the liver is decreased and gluconeogenesis is increased. 
D) In the insulin resistant state,VLDL secretion from the liver is increased and gluconeogenesis is increased. 
A) In the insulin resistant state,VLDL secretion from the liver is decreased and gluconeogenesis is decreased. 
B) In the insulin resistant state,VLDL secretion from the liver is increased and gluconeogenesis is decreased. 
C) In the insulin resistant state,VLDL secretion from the liver is decreased and gluconeogenesis is increased. 
D) In the insulin resistant state,VLDL secretion from the liver is increased and gluconeogenesis is increased.

Question 13

Which of the following statements about lipotoxicity is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) Lipotoxicity can occur in the liver. 
B) Lipotoxicity improves the ability of cells to use insulin. 
C) Lipotoxicity is produced by the products of fatty acid metabolism by pathways other than fatty acid oxidation and triglyceride synthesis. 
D) Lipotoxicity contributes to beta-cell failure. 
A) Lipotoxicity can occur in the liver. 
B) Lipotoxicity improves the ability of cells to use insulin. 
C) Lipotoxicity is produced by the products of fatty acid metabolism by pathways other than fatty acid oxidation and triglyceride synthesis. 
D) Lipotoxicity contributes to beta-cell failure.

Question 14

Which statement best describes the effect of lipotoxicity?

Accepted Answer

A) Exposure of the muscle to excessive free fatty acids,which induces insulin resistance. 
B) Exposure of the liver to excessive free fatty acids,which promotes gluconeogenesis. 
C) Exposure of the pancreas to excessive free fatty acids,which induces beta-cell failure. 
D) All of the above 
A) Exposure of the muscle to excessive free fatty acids,which induces insulin resistance. 
B) Exposure of the liver to excessive free fatty acids,which promotes gluconeogenesis. 
C) Exposure of the pancreas to excessive free fatty acids,which induces beta-cell failure. 
D) All of the above

Question 15

When discussing diabetes,the beta-cells are cells of which organ?

Accepted Answer

A) pancreas. 
B) liver. 
C) gall bladder. 
D) hypothalamus. 
A) pancreas. 
B) liver. 
C) gall bladder. 
D) hypothalamus.

Question 16

Gallstones can cause pain and cramps if lodged where?

Accepted Answer

A) the aorta. 
B) the lymph vessels. 
C) the bile ducts. 
D) the stomach. 
A) the aorta. 
B) the lymph vessels. 
C) the bile ducts. 
D) the stomach.

Question 17

Both insulin resistance and beta-cell dysfunction are present in this condition.What is being described?

Accepted Answer

A) colon cancer 
B) type-2-diabetes 
C) normal blood glucose levels. 
D) hypoglycemia 
A) colon cancer 
B) type-2-diabetes 
C) normal blood glucose levels. 
D) hypoglycemia

Question 18

Which of the following statements about sd-LDL is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) sd-LDL means small dense LDL. 
B) sd-LDL are smaller in size than original LDL and contain less cholesterol. 
C) sd-LDL tend to get trapped in blood vessels walls. 
D) sd-LDL promote the development of atherosclerosis. 
A) sd-LDL means small dense LDL. 
B) sd-LDL are smaller in size than original LDL and contain less cholesterol. 
C) sd-LDL tend to get trapped in blood vessels walls. 
D) sd-LDL promote the development of atherosclerosis.

Question 19

What causes the inflammation observed in obesity?

Accepted Answer

A) Infiltration of adipose tissue by macrophages 
B) Elevated secretion of glucagon 
C) Synthesis of triglycerides in the liver 
D) Acute infection 
A) Infiltration of adipose tissue by macrophages 
B) Elevated secretion of glucagon 
C) Synthesis of triglycerides in the liver 
D) Acute infection

Question 20

Which of the following statements about osteoarthritis is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) Osteoarthritis is painful and limits movement amplitude. 
B) Osteoarthritis and the wearing down of cartilage can be reduced in obese individuals with weight loss. 
C) The occurrence of osteoarthritis is not influenced by body weight. 
D) As osteoarthritis continues,the bones rub against each other. 
A) Osteoarthritis is painful and limits movement amplitude. 
B) Osteoarthritis and the wearing down of cartilage can be reduced in obese individuals with weight loss. 
C) The occurrence of osteoarthritis is not influenced by body weight. 
D) As osteoarthritis continues,the bones rub against each other.

Exam 21: Focus 3: Focus on Obesity, Metabolism, and Disease Risk

Obesity does NOT increase the risk of which of the following?

Which of the following statements about insulin resistance is FALSE?

A condition where the cartilage cushioning the joints breaks down and gradually becomes rougher and thinner.What is being described?

An individual whose muscle,liver,and adipose tissue is NOT responsive to insulin has what condition?

What is secreted by the beta-cells?

Obesity increases the risk of which cancers?

Among the following statements about sleep apnea,which one is FALSE?

How does insulin impact estrogen metabolism?

Among the following statements about relationships between obesity and gallstones,which one is FALSE?

Which of the following statements about gout and uric acid is FALSE?

How does the insulin resistant state differ from the insulin-sensitive state?

How does the insulin resistant state differ from the insulin-sensitive state?

Which of the following statements about lipotoxicity is FALSE?

Which statement best describes the effect of lipotoxicity?

When discussing diabetes,the beta-cells are cells of which organ?

Gallstones can cause pain and cramps if lodged where?

Both insulin resistance and beta-cell dysfunction are present in this condition.What is being described?

Which of the following statements about sd-LDL is FALSE?

What causes the inflammation observed in obesity?

Which of the following statements about osteoarthritis is FALSE?

Nutrition: Food for Health

Nutrition Guidelines: Applying the Science of Nutrition

Digestion, Absorption, and Metabolism

Carbohydrates: Sugars, Starches, and Fibre

Lipids

Proteins and Amino Acids

Energy Balance and Weight Management

A: the Water-Soluble Vitamins

The Fat-Soluble Vitamins

Water and the Electrolytes

Major Minerals and Bone Health

The Trace Elements

Nutrition and Physical Activity

Nutrition During Pregnancy and Lactation

Nutrition From Infancy to Adolescence

Nutrition and Aging: the Adult Years

Food Safety

World Hunger and Malnutrition

Focus 1: Focus on Beyond the Basics

Focus 2: Focus on Alcohol

Focus 4: Focus on Phytochemicals

Focus5:focus on Natural Health Products

Focus 6: Focus on Integrating Nutrient Function in the Body

Focus 7: Focus on Eating Disorders

Focus 8: Focus on Biotechnology

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