Question 1

Which of the following terms is used to describe how much of a vitamin is absorbed and used by the body?

Accepted Answer

A) absorption 
B) assimilation 
C) bioavailability 
D) functionality 
A) absorption 
B) assimilation 
C) bioavailability 
D) functionality

Question 2

Which is the most reasonable claim that can be made for vitamin B6 supplements?

Accepted Answer

A) Reduces pain from carpal tunnel syndrome 
B) Prevent premenstrual syndrome 
C) Stimulates the immune system 
D) Relieves vitamin B6 deficiency 
A) Reduces pain from carpal tunnel syndrome 
B) Prevent premenstrual syndrome 
C) Stimulates the immune system 
D) Relieves vitamin B6 deficiency

Question 3

For which of the following is vitamin B12 NOT essential?

Accepted Answer

A) division of mature red blood cells 
B) conversion of homocysteine to methionine 
C) DNA methylation 
D) maintenance of myelin and normal nerve transmission 
A) division of mature red blood cells 
B) conversion of homocysteine to methionine 
C) DNA methylation 
D) maintenance of myelin and normal nerve transmission

Question 4

For which group is taking vitamin B12 supplements the LEAST beneficial?

Accepted Answer

A) people eating diets high in animal products 
B) older adults with significantly reduced stomach acid 
C) people who do not consume any animal products 
D) breastfed infants whose mothers are vegans 
A) people eating diets high in animal products 
B) older adults with significantly reduced stomach acid 
C) people who do not consume any animal products 
D) breastfed infants whose mothers are vegans

Question 5

High intake of folate is cause for which of the following concerns?

Accepted Answer

A) High levels may increase the incidence of cardiovascular disease 
B) High levels may cause other vitamin deficiencies because folate competes for absorption sites. 
C) High levels may mask a B12 deficiency,giving rise to permanent nerve damage. 
D) High levels may cause acne. 
A) High levels may increase the incidence of cardiovascular disease 
B) High levels may cause other vitamin deficiencies because folate competes for absorption sites. 
C) High levels may mask a B12 deficiency,giving rise to permanent nerve damage. 
D) High levels may cause acne.

Question 6

What is a possible risk of arising from the fortification of foods in Canada?

Accepted Answer

A) While trying to benefit one group through fortification another segment of the population might be put at risk. 
B) The population might be at risk of goitre due to the addition of iodine to salt. 
C) Adding vitamins to certain foods can increase nutrient intakes. 
D) Adding vitamins to foods can help prevent deficiencies. . 
A) While trying to benefit one group through fortification another segment of the population might be put at risk. 
B) The population might be at risk of goitre due to the addition of iodine to salt. 
C) Adding vitamins to certain foods can increase nutrient intakes. 
D) Adding vitamins to foods can help prevent deficiencies. .

Question 7

How does vitamin C protect cells from damage caused by reactive oxygen species?

Accepted Answer

A) Vitamin C donates electrons to a reactive oxygen species like the superoxide molecule.The superoxide molecule is neutralized and,at the same time,dehydroascorbic acid is converted to ascorbic acid. 
B) Vitamin C removes electrons from a reactive oxygen species like the superoxide molecule.This reaction neutralizes the superoxide molecule and,at the same time,ascorbic acid is converted to dehydroascorbic acid. 
C) Vitamin C donates electrons to a reactive oxygen species like the superoxide molecule.The superoxide molecule is neutralized and,at the same time,ascorbic acid is converted to dehydroascorbic acid. 
D) Vitamin C does not react with the superoxide molecule. 
A) Vitamin C donates electrons to a reactive oxygen species like the superoxide molecule.The superoxide molecule is neutralized and,at the same time,dehydroascorbic acid is converted to ascorbic acid. 
B) Vitamin C removes electrons from a reactive oxygen species like the superoxide molecule.This reaction neutralizes the superoxide molecule and,at the same time,ascorbic acid is converted to dehydroascorbic acid. 
C) Vitamin C donates electrons to a reactive oxygen species like the superoxide molecule.The superoxide molecule is neutralized and,at the same time,ascorbic acid is converted to dehydroascorbic acid. 
D) Vitamin C does not react with the superoxide molecule.

Question 8

An elevation in homocysteine has been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease.In clinical studies,which vitamins have been shown to decrease levels of homocysteine in the blood?

Accepted Answer

A) vitamin A,vitamin E,and vitamin C 
B) riboflavin,vitamin A,and folate 
C) vitamin B6,folate,and vitamin B12 
D) pantothenic acid,riboflavin,and biotin 
A) vitamin A,vitamin E,and vitamin C 
B) riboflavin,vitamin A,and folate 
C) vitamin B6,folate,and vitamin B12 
D) pantothenic acid,riboflavin,and biotin

Question 9

What is the relationship between niacin and protein?

Accepted Answer

A) Niacin can be synthesized from an amino acid. 
B) Niacin is required to synthesize several essential amino acids in the body. 
C) Niacin reduces the absorption of protein. 
D) Niacin is needed to synthesize tryptophan. 
A) Niacin can be synthesized from an amino acid. 
B) Niacin is required to synthesize several essential amino acids in the body. 
C) Niacin reduces the absorption of protein. 
D) Niacin is needed to synthesize tryptophan.

Question 10

"This molecule when consumed in excess is readily excreted in the urine.On the other hand,when the diet is deficient in this molecule it will rapidly disappear from the body." What is being described?

Accepted Answer

A) A fat-soluble vitamin that is metabolized by the liver. 
B) A water-soluble vitamin that can be stored in adipose tissue. 
C) A water-soluble vitamin that cannot be readily stored in the body. 
D) A fat-soluble vitamin that is degraded during normal metabolism. 
A) A fat-soluble vitamin that is metabolized by the liver. 
B) A water-soluble vitamin that can be stored in adipose tissue. 
C) A water-soluble vitamin that cannot be readily stored in the body. 
D) A fat-soluble vitamin that is degraded during normal metabolism.

Question 11

What is a common reason for taking high dose niacin supplements,even when dietary intake is adequate?

Accepted Answer

A) to prevent pellegra 
B) to provide an essential energy boost. 
C) to decrease LDL cholesterol and increase HDL cholesterol. 
D) to protect against skin disorders 
A) to prevent pellegra 
B) to provide an essential energy boost. 
C) to decrease LDL cholesterol and increase HDL cholesterol. 
D) to protect against skin disorders

Question 12

Which accurately describes the effect of riboflavin supplementation?

Accepted Answer

A) it enhances energy production 
B) it can reduce the inadequate intakes of riboflavin which is common among Canadians 
C) It enhances vision. 
D) It does not provide an energy boost. 
A) it enhances energy production 
B) it can reduce the inadequate intakes of riboflavin which is common among Canadians 
C) It enhances vision. 
D) It does not provide an energy boost.

Question 13

What are the implications of a decline in the activity of a riboflavin-dependent enzyme in red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

A) Inadequate intake of riboflavin 
B) Riboflavin intake exceeding the UL 
C) High levels of riboflavin in the urine 
D) High levels of ATP production 
A) Inadequate intake of riboflavin 
B) Riboflavin intake exceeding the UL 
C) High levels of riboflavin in the urine 
D) High levels of ATP production

Question 14

Which statement best describes the difference between folate and folic acid?

Accepted Answer

A) folate is almost twice as bioavailable as folic acid 
B) folate is the monoglutamate form of folic acid and is more stable and bioavailable. 
C) folate is the polyglutamate form of folic acid and is more bioavailable. 
D) folate is the polyglutamate form and is less bioavailable than folic acid. 
A) folate is almost twice as bioavailable as folic acid 
B) folate is the monoglutamate form of folic acid and is more stable and bioavailable. 
C) folate is the polyglutamate form of folic acid and is more bioavailable. 
D) folate is the polyglutamate form and is less bioavailable than folic acid.

Question 15

Which statement best describes the reactions involving vitamin B6 that,along with folate and vitamin B12,keep levels of homocysteine in the blood low?

Accepted Answer

A) The conversion of homocysteine to cysteine and the conversion of folate to methyl folate 
B) The conversion of homocysteine to cysteine and the conversion of methyl folate to folate 
C) The conversion of homocysteine to methionine and the conversion of folate to methyl folate 
D) The conversion of homocysteine to cysteine and the conversion of vitamin B12 to methyl B12. 
A) The conversion of homocysteine to cysteine and the conversion of folate to methyl folate 
B) The conversion of homocysteine to cysteine and the conversion of methyl folate to folate 
C) The conversion of homocysteine to methionine and the conversion of folate to methyl folate 
D) The conversion of homocysteine to cysteine and the conversion of vitamin B12 to methyl B12.

Question 16

Which is NOT an appropriate use of supplements?

Accepted Answer

A) the use of vitamin B12 supplements by vegans 
B) the use of a multivitamin by someone on a calorie-restricted diet 
C) the use of vitamin C by someone with a healthy immune system 
D) the use of folic acid supplements by a woman who might become pregnant 
A) the use of vitamin B12 supplements by vegans 
B) the use of a multivitamin by someone on a calorie-restricted diet 
C) the use of vitamin C by someone with a healthy immune system 
D) the use of folic acid supplements by a woman who might become pregnant

Question 17

Which is an example of how vitamins function together?

Accepted Answer

A) Thiamin,niacin,riboflavin in single carbon metabolism. 
B) Vitamin B6,folate and vitamin B12 in single carbon metabolism 
C) Vitamin C & vitamin E as coenzymes in the citric acid cycle. 
D) Thiamin and vitamin C as dietary antioxidants. 
A) Thiamin,niacin,riboflavin in single carbon metabolism. 
B) Vitamin B6,folate and vitamin B12 in single carbon metabolism 
C) Vitamin C & vitamin E as coenzymes in the citric acid cycle. 
D) Thiamin and vitamin C as dietary antioxidants.

Question 18

Historically,pellagra occurred when populations consumed large amounts of which grain?

Accepted Answer

A) corn,not treated with limewater 
B) corn,treated with lime water 
C) rice,treated with lime water 
D) barley,not treated with lime water 
A) corn,not treated with limewater 
B) corn,treated with lime water 
C) rice,treated with lime water 
D) barley,not treated with lime water

Question 19

According to the Canadian Community Health Survey,which water-soluble vitamin vitaminhas the highest prevalence of inadequate intake?

Accepted Answer

A) folate in women 
B) niacin in women 
C) vitamin C in smokers 
D) thiamin in men 
A) folate in women 
B) niacin in women 
C) vitamin C in smokers 
D) thiamin in men

Question 20

Where are the majority of vitamins are absorbed?

Accepted Answer

A) mouth. 
B) stomach. 
C) small intestine. 
D) large intestine. 
A) mouth. 
B) stomach. 
C) small intestine. 
D) large intestine.

Exam 8: A: the Water-Soluble Vitamins

Which of the following terms is used to describe how much of a vitamin is absorbed and used by the body?

Which is the most reasonable claim that can be made for vitamin B6 supplements?

For which of the following is vitamin B12 NOT essential?

For which group is taking vitamin B12 supplements the LEAST beneficial?

High intake of folate is cause for which of the following concerns?

What is a possible risk of arising from the fortification of foods in Canada?

How does vitamin C protect cells from damage caused by reactive oxygen species?

An elevation in homocysteine has been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease.In clinical studies,which vitamins have been shown to decrease levels of homocysteine in the blood?

What is the relationship between niacin and protein?

"This molecule when consumed in excess is readily excreted in the urine.On the other hand,when the diet is deficient in this molecule it will rapidly disappear from the body." What is being described?

What is a common reason for taking high dose niacin supplements,even when dietary intake is adequate?

Which accurately describes the effect of riboflavin supplementation?

What are the implications of a decline in the activity of a riboflavin-dependent enzyme in red blood cells?

Which statement best describes the difference between folate and folic acid?

Which statement best describes the reactions involving vitamin B6 that,along with folate and vitamin B12,keep levels of homocysteine in the blood low?

Which is NOT an appropriate use of supplements?

Which is an example of how vitamins function together?

Historically,pellagra occurred when populations consumed large amounts of which grain?

According to the Canadian Community Health Survey,which water-soluble vitamin vitaminhas the highest prevalence of inadequate intake?

Where are the majority of vitamins are absorbed?

Nutrition: Food for Health

Nutrition Guidelines: Applying the Science of Nutrition

Digestion, Absorption, and Metabolism

Carbohydrates: Sugars, Starches, and Fibre

Lipids

Proteins and Amino Acids

Energy Balance and Weight Management

The Fat-Soluble Vitamins

Water and the Electrolytes

Major Minerals and Bone Health

The Trace Elements

Nutrition and Physical Activity

Nutrition During Pregnancy and Lactation

Nutrition From Infancy to Adolescence

Nutrition and Aging: the Adult Years

Food Safety

World Hunger and Malnutrition

Focus 1: Focus on Beyond the Basics

Focus 2: Focus on Alcohol

Focus 3: Focus on Obesity, Metabolism, and Disease Risk

Focus 4: Focus on Phytochemicals

Focus5:focus on Natural Health Products

Focus 6: Focus on Integrating Nutrient Function in the Body

Focus 7: Focus on Eating Disorders

Focus 8: Focus on Biotechnology

Filters

For which of the following is vitamin B₁₂ NOT essential?

For which group is taking vitamin B₁₂ supplements the LEAST beneficial?