Exam 5: Immunology and the Oral Systemic Link

Systemic conditions may increase the susceptibility to periodontal disease.Conversely,periodontal infections may serve as risk factors for systemic illness.

Susceptibility involves the interaction between host,bacterial,and environmental factors.Host response is the cause of periodontal disease and plaque biofilm determines the outcome of the disease process.

C-reactive protein levels in the blood may be an additional way to assess risk for

Current evidence suggests that periodontitis is associated with an increased likelihood of coronary heart disease and may influence the severity of diabetes.It is important to tell patients that untreated severe periodontal disease will cause a myocardial infarction (heart attack).

Which of the following ethnic groups is considered low risk for developing diabetes?

Diabetes and periodontitis are multifaceted chronic diseases with a recognized bidirectional relationship.Treatment of periodontal disease in diabetes mellitus enhances glycemic control.

Which of the following statements about the innate immune response is true?

Most inflammation is principally protective.Visceral fat accumulation around the waist substantially increases the inflammatory burden on the body.

Which three items are associated with Bradford Hill criteria?

Periodontal bacteria and individual response are required for infective periodontal disease.The number of periodontal bacteria present determines disease progression.

________________is acquired through transfer of antibodies or activated T-cells from an immune host and is transient,usually lasting only a few months.__________is induced in the host itself by an antigen and lasts much longer,sometimes lifelong.

There is consistent and strong epidemiological evidence that periodontitis imparts increased risk for future cardiovascular disease.Intervention trials to date are adequate to draw conclusions of causality.

Streptococcus mutans was the most frequently identified species in the cardiovascular specimens of atherosclerotic plaques,followed by Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans.Which of the following is S.mutans most associated with in the oral cavity?

All individuals have bacteria and biofilm in the mouth.As the biofilm matures,the concentration and virulence of the periodontal bacteria changes.

Which of the following is NOT considered a risk factor?

The complement system helps rid the body of antigen-antibody complexes or clear pathogens from an organism.Complement proteins cause blood vessels to become constricted and leaky,causing redness and swelling during an inflammatory response.

Gingivitis involves primarily which of the following mediated responses?

All of the following statements are correct about the adaptive immune response EXCEPT one.Which is the EXCEPTION?

Inflammation is principally protective.The inflammatory response does not become destructive when an acute infection becomes chronic.

A patient presents to your office with a tumor of the jaw.What is the patient experiencing?