Question 1

-Which of the following is a point of conflict between the phylogenetic analyses presented in these two figures?

Accepted Answer

A)  the relationship of taxa of segmented animals to taxa of nonsegmented animals 
B)  that sponges are basal animals 
C)  that chordates are deuterostomes 
D)  the evolutionary relationship between Nematoda and Arthropoda 
A)  the relationship of taxa of segmented animals to taxa of nonsegmented animals 
B)  that sponges are basal animals 
C)  that chordates are deuterostomes 
D)  the evolutionary relationship between Nematoda and Arthropoda

Question 2

The most ancient branch point in animal phylogeny is that between having

Accepted Answer

A)  radial and bilateral symmetry. 
B)  a well-defined head and no head. 
C)  true tissues and no tissues. 
D)  a body cavity and no body cavity. 
A)  radial and bilateral symmetry. 
B)  a well-defined head and no head. 
C)  true tissues and no tissues. 
D)  a body cavity and no body cavity.

Question 3

Which of these would a paleontologist be most likely to do in order to determine whether a fossil represents a reptile or a mammal?

Accepted Answer

A)  Look for the presence of milk-producing glands. 
B)  Look for the mammalian characteristics of a four-chambered heart and a diaphragm. 
C)  Because mammals are eutherians, look for evidence of a placenta. 
D)  Use molecular analysis to look for the protein keratin. 
E)  Examine the teeth to determine how sharp or ground down they are. 
A)  Look for the presence of milk-producing glands. 
B)  Look for the mammalian characteristics of a four-chambered heart and a diaphragm. 
C)  Because mammals are eutherians, look for evidence of a placenta. 
D)  Use molecular analysis to look for the protein keratin. 
E)  Examine the teeth to determine how sharp or ground down they are.

Question 4

Please use the following information to answer the question(s) below.
The most recently discovered phylum in the animal kingdom (1995) is the phylum Cycliophora. It includes three species of tiny organisms that live in large numbers on the outsides of the mouthparts and appendages of lobsters. When in the feeding stage, a cycliophoran permanently attaches to the lobster via an adhesive disk and collects scraps of food from its host's feeding by capturing the scraps in a current created by a ring of cilia. Its body is sac-like and has a U-shaped intestine that brings the anus close to the mouth. Cycliophorans are eucoelomate (have a body cavity that is a coelom) and do not molt (though their host does).
-Basing your inferences on information in the previous paragraph, to which clade(s) should cycliophorans belong?
1) Eumetazoa
2) Deuterostomia
3) Bilateria
4) Ecdysozoa
5) Lophotrochozoa

Accepted Answer

A)  1 only 
B)  1 and 3 only 
C)  1, 3, and 5 only 
D)  2, 3, and 4 only 
E)  2, 3, and 5 only 
A)  1 only 
B)  1 and 3 only 
C)  1, 3, and 5 only 
D)  2, 3, and 4 only 
E)  2, 3, and 5 only

Question 5

Which of the following statements concerning animal taxonomy is (are) true?
1) Animals are more closely related to plants than to fungi.
2) All animal clades based on body plan have been found to be incorrect.
3) Kingdom Animalia is monophyletic.
4) Only animals reproduce by sexual means.
5) Animals are thought to have evolved from flagellated protists similar to modern choanoflagellates.

Accepted Answer

A)  5 only 
B)  1 and 3 
C)  3 and 5 
D)  3, 4, and 5 
A)  5 only 
B)  1 and 3 
C)  3 and 5 
D)  3, 4, and 5

Question 6

Which of these are amniotes?

Accepted Answer

A)  amphibians 
B)  fishes 
C)  mammals 
D)  placental mammals only 
E)  egg-laying mammals only 
A)  amphibians 
B)  fishes 
C)  mammals 
D)  placental mammals only 
E)  egg-laying mammals only

Question 7

As a result of harvesting a higher proportion of older and larger cod and other fish species for food,

Accepted Answer

A)  the number of fish in these populations has increased dramatically. 
B)  the age and size of fish reaching sexual maturity have decreased. 
C)  many new species of predators have evolved in these regions. 
D)  the affected fish species have stopped reproducing. 
E)  many of the fish in these populations have started to reproduce asexually. 
A)  the number of fish in these populations has increased dramatically. 
B)  the age and size of fish reaching sexual maturity have decreased. 
C)  many new species of predators have evolved in these regions. 
D)  the affected fish species have stopped reproducing. 
E)  many of the fish in these populations have started to reproduce asexually.

Question 8

A new species of aquatic chordate is discovered that closely resembles an ancient form. It has the following characteristics: external armor of bony plates, no paired lateral fins, and a suspension-feeding mode of nutrition. In addition to these, it will probably have which of the following characteristics?

Accepted Answer

A)  legs 
B)  no jaws 
C)  an amniotic egg 
D)  endothermy 
A)  legs 
B)  no jaws 
C)  an amniotic egg 
D)  endothermy

Exam 27: The Rise of Animal Diversity

-Which of the following is a point of conflict between the phylogenetic analyses presented in these two figures?

The most ancient branch point in animal phylogeny is that between having

Which of these would a paleontologist be most likely to do in order to determine whether a fossil represents a reptile or a mammal?

Which of these are amniotes?

As a result of harvesting a higher proportion of older and larger cod and other fish species for food,

Introduction: Evolution and the Foundations of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Transport and Cell Signaling

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Development, Stem Cells, and Cancer

Viruses

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification

Phylogeny

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

Broad Patterns of Evolution

Early Life and the Diversification of Prokaryotes

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

The Colonization of Land by Plants and Fungi

Plant Structure and Growth

Resource Acquisition, Nutrition, and Transport in Vascular Plants

Reproduction and Domestication of Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Homeostasis and Endocrine Signaling

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Reproduction and Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Nervous and Sensory Systems

Motor Mechanisms and Behavior

Population Ecology and the Distribution of Organisms

Species Interactions

Ecosystems and Energy

Global Ecology and Conservation Biology

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