Question 1

Which of the following is an adaptation that enhances the uptake of water and minerals by roots?

Accepted Answer

A)  mycorrhizae 
B)  cavitation 
C)  active uptake by vessel elements 
D)  rhythmic contractions by cortical cells 
A)  mycorrhizae 
B)  cavitation 
C)  active uptake by vessel elements 
D)  rhythmic contractions by cortical cells

Question 2

The bulk of a plant's dry weight is derived from

Accepted Answer

A)  soil minerals. 
B)  CO₂. 
C)  the hydrogen from H₂O. 
D)  the oxygen from H₂O. 
A)  soil minerals. 
B)  CO₂. 
C)  the hydrogen from H₂O. 
D)  the oxygen from H₂O.

Question 3

Which cells in a root form a protective barrier to the vascular system where all materials must move through the symplast?

Accepted Answer

A)  pericycle 
B)  cortex 
C)  epidermis 
D)  endodermis 
A)  pericycle 
B)  cortex 
C)  epidermis 
D)  endodermis

Question 4

Which of the following would be in the lowest concentration in an actively growing shoot tip?

Accepted Answer

A)  zinc 
B)  nitrogen 
C)  phosphorus 
D)  potassium 
A)  zinc 
B)  nitrogen 
C)  phosphorus 
D)  potassium

Question 5

Active transport would be least important in the normal functioning of which of the following plant tissue types?

Accepted Answer

A)  leaf transfer cells 
B)  stem tracheid element 
C)  root endodermal cells 
D)  leaf mesophyll cells 
A)  leaf transfer cells 
B)  stem tracheid element 
C)  root endodermal cells 
D)  leaf mesophyll cells

Question 6

A fellow student brought in a leaf to be examined. The leaf was dark green and thin, had stoma on the lower surface only, and had a total surface area of 10 square meters. What is the most likely environment where this leaf was growing?

Accepted Answer

A)  a dry, sandy region 
B)  a large, still pond 
C)  a tropical rain forest 
D)  an oasis within a grassland 
A)  a dry, sandy region 
B)  a large, still pond 
C)  a tropical rain forest 
D)  an oasis within a grassland

Question 7

If you wanted to increase the cation exchange and water retention capacity of loamy soil, what should you do?

Accepted Answer

A)  Adjust the soil pH to 7.9. 
B)  Add clay to the soil. 
C)  Practice no-till agriculture. 
D)  Add fertilizer containing potassium, calcium, and magnesium to the soil. 
A)  Adjust the soil pH to 7.9. 
B)  Add clay to the soil. 
C)  Practice no-till agriculture. 
D)  Add fertilizer containing potassium, calcium, and magnesium to the soil.

Question 8

A rootless, green plant is found growing on the branches and trunks of rain forest trees, but lacks any apparent adaptation for collecting rainwater. This plant is most likely

Accepted Answer

A)  an epiphyte. 
B)  a nitrogen-fixing plant. 
C)  a carnivorous plant. 
D)  a parasite. 
A)  an epiphyte. 
B)  a nitrogen-fixing plant. 
C)  a carnivorous plant. 
D)  a parasite.

Question 9

In a root nodule, the gene coding for nitrogenase

Accepted Answer

A)  is inactivated by leghemoglobin. 
B)  is absent in active bacteroids. 
C)  is found in the cells of the pericycle. 
D)  is part of the Rhizobium genome. 
A)  is inactivated by leghemoglobin. 
B)  is absent in active bacteroids. 
C)  is found in the cells of the pericycle. 
D)  is part of the Rhizobium genome.

Question 10

Plasmodesmata can change in number, and when dilated can provide a passageway for

Accepted Answer

A)  macromolecules such as RNA and proteins. 
B)  ribosomes. 
C)  chloroplasts. 
D)  mitochondria. 
A)  macromolecules such as RNA and proteins. 
B)  ribosomes. 
C)  chloroplasts. 
D)  mitochondria.

Question 11

Which of the following determines the direction of water movement across the membrane?

Accepted Answer

A)  cell health 
B)  a difference in water potential 
C)  size of the cell 
D)  shape of the cell 
A)  cell health 
B)  a difference in water potential 
C)  size of the cell 
D)  shape of the cell

Question 12

Pine seedlings grown in sterile potting soil grow much slower than seedlings grown in soil from the area where the seeds were collected. This is most likely because

Accepted Answer

A)  the sterilization process kills the root hairs as they emerge from the seedling. 
B)  the normal symbiotic fungi are not present in the sterilized soil. 
C)  water and mineral uptake is faster when mycorrhizae are present. 
D)  B and C. 
A)  the sterilization process kills the root hairs as they emerge from the seedling. 
B)  the normal symbiotic fungi are not present in the sterilized soil. 
C)  water and mineral uptake is faster when mycorrhizae are present. 
D)  B and C.

Question 13

Which two elements make up more than 90% of the dry weight of plants?

Accepted Answer

A)  carbon and nitrogen 
B)  oxygen and hydrogen 
C)  nitrogen and oxygen 
D)  oxygen and carbon 
A)  carbon and nitrogen 
B)  oxygen and hydrogen 
C)  nitrogen and oxygen 
D)  oxygen and carbon

Question 14

For this pair of items, choose the option that best describes their relationship.
(a) The average size of particles that constitute silt
(b) The average size of particles that constitute clay

Accepted Answer

A)  Item (a) is larger than item (b). 
B)  Item (a) is smaller than item (b). 
C)  Item (a) is exactly or very approximately equal to item (b). 
D)  Item (a) bears no relationship to item (b). 
A)  Item (a) is larger than item (b). 
B)  Item (a) is smaller than item (b). 
C)  Item (a) is exactly or very approximately equal to item (b). 
D)  Item (a) bears no relationship to item (b).

Question 15

Which of the following elemental ions plays a critical role in opening and closing of stomata?

Accepted Answer

A)  nitrogen 
B)  potassium 
C)  magnesium 
D)  calcium 
A)  nitrogen 
B)  potassium 
C)  magnesium 
D)  calcium

Question 16

If you were to prune the shoot tips of a plant, what would be the effect on the plant and the leaf area index?

Accepted Answer

A)  bushier plants; lower leaf area index 
B)  tall plants; lower leaf area index 
C)  short plants; lower leaf area index 
D)  bushier plants; higher leaf area indexes 
A)  bushier plants; lower leaf area index 
B)  tall plants; lower leaf area index 
C)  short plants; lower leaf area index 
D)  bushier plants; higher leaf area indexes

Question 17

The water lost during transpiration is a side effect of the plant's exchange of gases. However, the plant derives some benefit from this water loss in the form of

Accepted Answer

A)  evaporative cooling. 
B)  mineral transport. 
C)  increased turgor. 
D)  evaporative cooling and mineral transport. 
A)  evaporative cooling. 
B)  mineral transport. 
C)  increased turgor. 
D)  evaporative cooling and mineral transport.

Question 18

Which of the following is a primary difference between ectomycorrhizae and endomycorrhizae?

Accepted Answer

A)  Endomycorrhizae have thicker, shorter hyphae than ectomycorrhizae. 
B)  Endomycorrhizae, but not ectomycorrhizae, form a dense sheath over the surface of the root. 
C)  Ectomycorrhizae do not penetrate root cells, whereas endomycorrhizae grow into invaginations of the root cell membranes. 
D)  Ectomycorrhizae are found in woody plant species; about 85% of plant families form ectomycorrhizae. 
A)  Endomycorrhizae have thicker, shorter hyphae than ectomycorrhizae. 
B)  Endomycorrhizae, but not ectomycorrhizae, form a dense sheath over the surface of the root. 
C)  Ectomycorrhizae do not penetrate root cells, whereas endomycorrhizae grow into invaginations of the root cell membranes. 
D)  Ectomycorrhizae are found in woody plant species; about 85% of plant families form ectomycorrhizae.

Question 19

Iron deficiency is often indicated by yellowing in newly formed leaves. This suggests that iron

Accepted Answer

A)  is a relatively immobile nutrient in plants. 
B)  is tied up in formed chlorophyll molecules. 
C)  is concentrated in the xylem of older leaves. 
D)  is concentrated in the phloem of older leaves. 
A)  is a relatively immobile nutrient in plants. 
B)  is tied up in formed chlorophyll molecules. 
C)  is concentrated in the xylem of older leaves. 
D)  is concentrated in the phloem of older leaves.

Question 20

Phloem transport is described as being from source to sink. Which of the following would most accurately complete this statement about phloem transport as applied to most plants in the late spring?
Phloem transports ________ from the ________ source to the ________ sink.

Accepted Answer

A)  amino acids; root; mycorrhizae 
B)  sugars; leaf; apical meristem 
C)  nucleic acids; flower; root 
D)  proteins; root; leaf 
A)  amino acids; root; mycorrhizae 
B)  sugars; leaf; apical meristem 
C)  nucleic acids; flower; root 
D)  proteins; root; leaf

Exam 29: Resource Acquisition, Nutrition, and Transport in Vascular Plants

Which of the following is an adaptation that enhances the uptake of water and minerals by roots?

The bulk of a plant's dry weight is derived from

Which cells in a root form a protective barrier to the vascular system where all materials must move through the symplast?

Which of the following would be in the lowest concentration in an actively growing shoot tip?

Active transport would be least important in the normal functioning of which of the following plant tissue types?

A fellow student brought in a leaf to be examined. The leaf was dark green and thin, had stoma on the lower surface only, and had a total surface area of 10 square meters. What is the most likely environment where this leaf was growing?

If you wanted to increase the cation exchange and water retention capacity of loamy soil, what should you do?

A rootless, green plant is found growing on the branches and trunks of rain forest trees, but lacks any apparent adaptation for collecting rainwater. This plant is most likely

In a root nodule, the gene coding for nitrogenase

Plasmodesmata can change in number, and when dilated can provide a passageway for

Which of the following determines the direction of water movement across the membrane?

Pine seedlings grown in sterile potting soil grow much slower than seedlings grown in soil from the area where the seeds were collected. This is most likely because

Which two elements make up more than 90% of the dry weight of plants?

For this pair of items, choose the option that best describes their relationship. (a) The average size of particles that constitute silt (b) The average size of particles that constitute clay

Which of the following elemental ions plays a critical role in opening and closing of stomata?

If you were to prune the shoot tips of a plant, what would be the effect on the plant and the leaf area index?

The water lost during transpiration is a side effect of the plant's exchange of gases. However, the plant derives some benefit from this water loss in the form of

Which of the following is a primary difference between ectomycorrhizae and endomycorrhizae?

Iron deficiency is often indicated by yellowing in newly formed leaves. This suggests that iron

Phloem transport is described as being from source to sink. Which of the following would most accurately complete this statement about phloem transport as applied to most plants in the late spring? Phloem transports ________ from the ________ source to the ________ sink.

Introduction: Evolution and the Foundations of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Transport and Cell Signaling

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Development, Stem Cells, and Cancer

Viruses

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification

Phylogeny

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

Broad Patterns of Evolution

Early Life and the Diversification of Prokaryotes

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

The Colonization of Land by Plants and Fungi

The Rise of Animal Diversity

Plant Structure and Growth

Reproduction and Domestication of Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Homeostasis and Endocrine Signaling

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Reproduction and Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Nervous and Sensory Systems

Motor Mechanisms and Behavior

Population Ecology and the Distribution of Organisms

Species Interactions

Ecosystems and Energy

Global Ecology and Conservation Biology

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Phloem transport is described as being from source to sink. Which of the following would most accurately complete this statement about phloem transport as applied to most plants in the late spring? Phloem transports from the source to the sink.