Question 1

Which of the following essential nutrients plays an essential role in the opening and closing of the stomatal aperture?

Accepted Answer

A)  Fe 
B)  Bo 
C)  Mg 
D)  K 
A)  Fe 
B)  Bo 
C)  Mg 
D)  K

Question 2

The architecture and distribution of the root system and production of proteins in plants are directly relevant to the availability ________ in soil.

Accepted Answer

A)  of carbon dioxide 
B)  and richness of nitrates 
C)  of fungal association 
D)  of water 
A)  of carbon dioxide 
B)  and richness of nitrates 
C)  of fungal association 
D)  of water

Question 3

The following factors may sometimes play a role in the movement of sap through xylem. Which one depends on the direct expenditure of ATP by the plant?

Accepted Answer

A)  capillarity of water within the xylem 
B)  evaporation of water from leaves 
C)  cohesion among water molecules 
D)  concentration of ions in the symplast 
A)  capillarity of water within the xylem 
B)  evaporation of water from leaves 
C)  cohesion among water molecules 
D)  concentration of ions in the symplast

Question 4

Guard cells do which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  protect the endodermis 
B)  accumulate K+ in order to close the stomata 
C)  contain chloroplasts that import K+ directly into the cells 
D)  help balance the photosynthesis-transpiration compromise 
A)  protect the endodermis 
B)  accumulate K+ in order to close the stomata 
C)  contain chloroplasts that import K+ directly into the cells 
D)  help balance the photosynthesis-transpiration compromise

Question 5

What are epiphytes?

Accepted Answer

A)  aerial vines common in tropical regions 
B)  haustoria used for anchoring to host plants and obtaining xylem sap 
C)  plants that live in poor soil and digest insects to obtain nitrogen 
D)  plants that grow on other plants but do not obtain nutrients from their hosts 
A)  aerial vines common in tropical regions 
B)  haustoria used for anchoring to host plants and obtaining xylem sap 
C)  plants that live in poor soil and digest insects to obtain nitrogen 
D)  plants that grow on other plants but do not obtain nutrients from their hosts

Question 6

Reddish-purple coloring of leaves, especially along the margins of young leaves, is a typical symptom of deficiency of which element?

Accepted Answer

A)  C 
B)  Mg2+ 
C)  N 
D)  P 
A)  C 
B)  Mg2+ 
C)  N 
D)  P

Question 7

Upregulation of leghemoglobin biosynthesis in a leguminous species would most likely indicate

Accepted Answer

A)  the plant is suffering from a mineral deficiency. 
B)  the successful inoculation of nitrogen-fixing bacteria. 
C)  the plant is suffering from water stress. 
D)  an increase in the biosynthesis of amino acids. 
A)  the plant is suffering from a mineral deficiency. 
B)  the successful inoculation of nitrogen-fixing bacteria. 
C)  the plant is suffering from water stress. 
D)  an increase in the biosynthesis of amino acids.

Question 8

Which of the following plant structures shares the most common features and functions with a fungal hyphae?

Accepted Answer

A)  stomata 
B)  vascular cambium 
C)  lenticels 
D)  root hairs 
A)  stomata 
B)  vascular cambium 
C)  lenticels 
D)  root hairs

Question 9

One would expect to find the highest density of aquaporins in which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  the plasma membrane of guard cells 
B)  the pits of a tracheid 
C)  the plasma membrane of parenchyma cells in a ripe fruit 
D)  the plasma membrane of a mature mesophyll cell in a leaf 
A)  the plasma membrane of guard cells 
B)  the pits of a tracheid 
C)  the plasma membrane of parenchyma cells in a ripe fruit 
D)  the plasma membrane of a mature mesophyll cell in a leaf

Question 10

As a biologist, it is your job to look for plants that have evolved structures with a selective advantage in dry, hot conditions. Which of the following adaptations would be least likely to meet your objective?

Accepted Answer

A)  CAM plants that grow rapidly 
B)  small, thick leaves with stomata on the lower surface 
C)  a thick cuticle on fleshy leaves 
D)  plants that do not produce abscisic acid and have a short, thick taproot 
A)  CAM plants that grow rapidly 
B)  small, thick leaves with stomata on the lower surface 
C)  a thick cuticle on fleshy leaves 
D)  plants that do not produce abscisic acid and have a short, thick taproot

Question 11

Ten tomato plants are germinated and maintained in a large tray with no drainage. After several weeks they all begin to wilt and die despite repeated watering and fertilization. The most likely cause of this die-off is

Accepted Answer

A)  competition for resources. 
B)  anoxia. 
C)  organic nutrient depletion. 
D)  no room left for root growth. 
A)  competition for resources. 
B)  anoxia. 
C)  organic nutrient depletion. 
D)  no room left for root growth.

Question 12

A young farmer purchases some land in a relatively arid area and is interested in earning a reasonable profit for many years. Which of the following strategies would best allow the farmer to achieve such a goal?

Accepted Answer

A)  establishing an extensive irrigation system 
B)  using plenty of the best fertilizers 
C)  finding a way to sell all parts of crop plants 
D)  selecting crops adapted to arid areas 
A)  establishing an extensive irrigation system 
B)  using plenty of the best fertilizers 
C)  finding a way to sell all parts of crop plants 
D)  selecting crops adapted to arid areas

Question 13

Synthesis of which of the following compounds in a mature leaf would be least impacted by a temporary soil nitrogen deficiency?

Accepted Answer

A)  chlorophyll 
B)  DNA 
C)  RNA 
D)  cellulose 
A)  chlorophyll 
B)  DNA 
C)  RNA 
D)  cellulose

Question 14

Most of the water taken up by a plant is

Accepted Answer

A)  used as a solvent. 
B)  used as a hydrogen source in photosynthesis. 
C)  lost during transpiration. 
D)  used to keep cells turgid. 
A)  used as a solvent. 
B)  used as a hydrogen source in photosynthesis. 
C)  lost during transpiration. 
D)  used to keep cells turgid.

Question 15

The Casparian strip in plant roots is correctly described by which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  It aids in the uptake of nutrients. 
B)  It provides energy for the active transport of minerals into the stele from the cortex. 
C)  It ensures that all minerals are absorbed from the soil in equal amounts. 
D)  It ensures that all water and dissolved substances must pass through a cell membrane before entering the stele. 
A)  It aids in the uptake of nutrients. 
B)  It provides energy for the active transport of minerals into the stele from the cortex. 
C)  It ensures that all minerals are absorbed from the soil in equal amounts. 
D)  It ensures that all water and dissolved substances must pass through a cell membrane before entering the stele.

Question 16

A greenhouse experiment to test growth rates in tomato cultivars was conducted using sterile soil mix and watering with sterile solutions of water and fertilizer. Following germination, half of the plants in each group were transplanted into soil that was obtained from a nearby agricultural field (nonsterile) and the other half into sterile soil. After several weeks the plants that were transplanted into nonsterile soil exhibited a much higher growth rate compared to the plants transplanted into sterile soil. The most likely explanation for this result is

Accepted Answer

A)  the plants transplanted into the nonsterile soil were inoculated with mycorrhizae. 
B)  the plants transplanted into the nonsterile soil received more fertilizer. 
C)  the plants transplanted into the sterile soil were stunted due to overfertilization. 
D)  the plants transplanted into sterile soil suffered anoxia from improper water drainage. 
A)  the plants transplanted into the nonsterile soil were inoculated with mycorrhizae. 
B)  the plants transplanted into the nonsterile soil received more fertilizer. 
C)  the plants transplanted into the sterile soil were stunted due to overfertilization. 
D)  the plants transplanted into sterile soil suffered anoxia from improper water drainage.

Question 17

For this pair of items, choose the option that best describes their relationship.
(a) The amount of molybdenum in a gram of dried plant material
(b) The amount of sulfur in a gram of dried plant material

Accepted Answer

A)  Item (a) is greater than item (b). 
B)  Item (a) is less than item (b). 
C)  Item (a) is exactly or very approximately equal to item (b). 
D)  There is not enough information to make a meaningful comparison. 
A)  Item (a) is greater than item (b). 
B)  Item (a) is less than item (b). 
C)  Item (a) is exactly or very approximately equal to item (b). 
D)  There is not enough information to make a meaningful comparison.

Question 18

The movement of water across biological membranes can best be predicted by

Accepted Answer

A)  negative charges in the cell wall. 
B)  prevailing weather conditions. 
C)  aquaporins. 
D)  water potentials. 
A)  negative charges in the cell wall. 
B)  prevailing weather conditions. 
C)  aquaporins. 
D)  water potentials.

Question 19

If a plant is infected with nitrogen-fixing bacteria, what is the most probable effect on the plant?

Accepted Answer

A)  It gets chlorosis. 
B)  It dies. 
C)  It will have a higher concentration of N2 in its roots and shoots. 
D)  It will likely grow faster than an uninfected plant. 
A)  It gets chlorosis. 
B)  It dies. 
C)  It will have a higher concentration of N2 in its roots and shoots. 
D)  It will likely grow faster than an uninfected plant.

Question 20

In west Texas, cotton has become an important crop in the last several decades. However, in this hot, dry part of the country there is little rainfall, so farmers irrigate their cotton fields. They must also regularly fertilize the cotton fields because the soil is very sandy. Figure 29.1 shows the record of annual productivity (measured in kilograms of cotton per hectare of land) since 1960 in a west Texas cotton field. Use these data to answer the following question(s).   Figure 29.1
-If you were the county agriculture agent, what would be the best advice you could give the farmer who owns the field under study in Figure 29.1?

Accepted Answer

A)  Plant a variety of cotton that requires less water and can tolerate salinity. 
B)  Continue to fertilize, but stop irrigating the field and rely on rainfall. 
C)  Continue to irrigate, but stop fertilizing the field and rely on organic nutrients in the soil. 
D)  Continue to fertilize and irrigate, but add the nitrogen-fixing bacteria Rhizobium to the irrigation water until the productivity increases. 
A)  Plant a variety of cotton that requires less water and can tolerate salinity. 
B)  Continue to fertilize, but stop irrigating the field and rely on rainfall. 
C)  Continue to irrigate, but stop fertilizing the field and rely on organic nutrients in the soil. 
D)  Continue to fertilize and irrigate, but add the nitrogen-fixing bacteria Rhizobium to the irrigation water until the productivity increases.

Exam 29: Resource Acquisition, Nutrition, and Transport in Vascular Plants

Which of the following essential nutrients plays an essential role in the opening and closing of the stomatal aperture?

The architecture and distribution of the root system and production of proteins in plants are directly relevant to the availability ________ in soil.

The following factors may sometimes play a role in the movement of sap through xylem. Which one depends on the direct expenditure of ATP by the plant?

Guard cells do which of the following?

What are epiphytes?

Reddish-purple coloring of leaves, especially along the margins of young leaves, is a typical symptom of deficiency of which element?

Upregulation of leghemoglobin biosynthesis in a leguminous species would most likely indicate

Which of the following plant structures shares the most common features and functions with a fungal hyphae?

One would expect to find the highest density of aquaporins in which of the following?

As a biologist, it is your job to look for plants that have evolved structures with a selective advantage in dry, hot conditions. Which of the following adaptations would be least likely to meet your objective?

Ten tomato plants are germinated and maintained in a large tray with no drainage. After several weeks they all begin to wilt and die despite repeated watering and fertilization. The most likely cause of this die-off is

A young farmer purchases some land in a relatively arid area and is interested in earning a reasonable profit for many years. Which of the following strategies would best allow the farmer to achieve such a goal?

Synthesis of which of the following compounds in a mature leaf would be least impacted by a temporary soil nitrogen deficiency?

Most of the water taken up by a plant is

The Casparian strip in plant roots is correctly described by which of the following?

For this pair of items, choose the option that best describes their relationship. (a) The amount of molybdenum in a gram of dried plant material (b) The amount of sulfur in a gram of dried plant material

The movement of water across biological membranes can best be predicted by

If a plant is infected with nitrogen-fixing bacteria, what is the most probable effect on the plant?

Introduction: Evolution and the Foundations of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Transport and Cell Signaling

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Development, Stem Cells, and Cancer

Viruses

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification

Phylogeny

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

Broad Patterns of Evolution

Early Life and the Diversification of Prokaryotes

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

The Colonization of Land by Plants and Fungi

The Rise of Animal Diversity

Plant Structure and Growth

Reproduction and Domestication of Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Homeostasis and Endocrine Signaling

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Reproduction and Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Nervous and Sensory Systems

Motor Mechanisms and Behavior

Population Ecology and the Distribution of Organisms

Species Interactions

Ecosystems and Energy

Global Ecology and Conservation Biology

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