Question 1

If ΨP = 0.3 MPa and ΨS = -0.45 MPa, the resulting Ψ is

Accepted Answer

A)  +0.75 MPa. 
B)  -0.75 MPa. 
C)  -0.15 MPa. 
D)  +0.15 MPa. 
A)  +0.75 MPa. 
B)  -0.75 MPa. 
C)  -0.15 MPa. 
D)  +0.15 MPa.

Question 2

One is most likely to see guttation in small plants when the

Accepted Answer

A)  transpiration rates are high. 
B)  root pressure exceeds transpiration pull. 
C)  preceding evening was hot, windy, and dry. 
D)  water potential in the stele of the root is high. 
A)  transpiration rates are high. 
B)  root pressure exceeds transpiration pull. 
C)  preceding evening was hot, windy, and dry. 
D)  water potential in the stele of the root is high.

Question 3

In what way do nitrogen compounds differ from other minerals needed by plants?

Accepted Answer

A)  Only nitrogen can be lost from the soil. 
B)  Only nitrogen requires the action of bacteria to be made available to plants. 
C)  Only nitrogen is held by cation exchange capacity in the soil. 
D)  Only nitrogen can be absorbed by root hairs. 
A)  Only nitrogen can be lost from the soil. 
B)  Only nitrogen requires the action of bacteria to be made available to plants. 
C)  Only nitrogen is held by cation exchange capacity in the soil. 
D)  Only nitrogen can be absorbed by root hairs.

Question 4

A plant cell with a ΨS of -0.65 MPa maintains a constant volume when bathed in a solution that has a ΨS of -0.30 MPa and is in an open container. The cell has a

Accepted Answer

A)  ΨP of +0.65 MPa. 
B)  Ψ of -0.65 MPa. 
C)  ΨP of +0.35 MPa. 
D)  Ψ of 0 MPa. 
A)  ΨP of +0.65 MPa. 
B)  Ψ of -0.65 MPa. 
C)  ΨP of +0.35 MPa. 
D)  Ψ of 0 MPa.

Question 5

An example of a mutualistic association between a plant and a fungus would be

Accepted Answer

A)  nitrogen fixation. 
B)  Rhizobium infection. 
C)  mycorrhizae. 
D)  parasitic infection. 
A)  nitrogen fixation. 
B)  Rhizobium infection. 
C)  mycorrhizae. 
D)  parasitic infection.

Question 6

A plant developed a mineral deficiency after being treated with a fungicide. What is the most probable cause of the deficiency?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mineral receptor proteins in the plant membrane were not functioning. 
B)  Mycorrhizal fungi were killed. 
C)  Active transport of minerals was inhibited. 
D)  Proton pumps reversed the membrane potential. 
A)  Mineral receptor proteins in the plant membrane were not functioning. 
B)  Mycorrhizal fungi were killed. 
C)  Active transport of minerals was inhibited. 
D)  Proton pumps reversed the membrane potential.

Question 7

Which one of the following is an adaptation by plants to life on land?

Accepted Answer

A)  lack of waxy cuticle 
B)  Calvin cycle of photosynthesis 
C)  xylem tracheids and vessels 
D)  Krebs cycle of respiration 
A)  lack of waxy cuticle 
B)  Calvin cycle of photosynthesis 
C)  xylem tracheids and vessels 
D)  Krebs cycle of respiration

Question 8

In which plant cell or tissue would the pressure component of water potential most often be negative?

Accepted Answer

A)  leaf mesophyll cell 
B)  stem xylem 
C)  stem phloem 
D)  root cortex cell 
A)  leaf mesophyll cell 
B)  stem xylem 
C)  stem phloem 
D)  root cortex cell

Question 9

Most of the dry weight of a plant is the result of uptake of

Accepted Answer

A)  water and minerals through root hairs. 
B)  water and minerals through mycorrhizae. 
C)  CO₂ through stoma. 
D)  CO₂ and O₂ through stomata in leaves. 
A)  water and minerals through root hairs. 
B)  water and minerals through mycorrhizae. 
C)  CO₂ through stoma. 
D)  CO₂ and O₂ through stomata in leaves.

Question 10

Compared with a cell with few aquaporin proteins in its membrane, a cell containing many aquaporin proteins will have a

Accepted Answer

A)  faster rate of osmosis. 
B)  lower water potential. 
C)  higher water potential. 
D)  faster rate of active transport. 
A)  faster rate of osmosis. 
B)  lower water potential. 
C)  higher water potential. 
D)  faster rate of active transport.

Question 11

Which of the following elements is required for the stability of cell walls?

Accepted Answer

A)  zinc 
B)  chlorine 
C)  calcium 
D)  molybdenum 
A)  zinc 
B)  chlorine 
C)  calcium 
D)  molybdenum

Question 12

According to the pressure flow hypothesis of phloem transport,

Accepted Answer

A)  solute moves from a high concentration in the source to a lower concentration in the sink. 
B)  water is actively transported into the source region of the phloem to create the turgor pressure needed. 
C)  the combination of a high turgor pressure in the source and transpiration water loss from the sink moves solutes through phloem conduits. 
D)  the formation of starch from sugar in the sink increases the osmotic concentration. 
A)  solute moves from a high concentration in the source to a lower concentration in the sink. 
B)  water is actively transported into the source region of the phloem to create the turgor pressure needed. 
C)  the combination of a high turgor pressure in the source and transpiration water loss from the sink moves solutes through phloem conduits. 
D)  the formation of starch from sugar in the sink increases the osmotic concentration.

Question 13

If an African violet has chlorosis, which of the following elements might be a useful addition to the soil?

Accepted Answer

A)  chlorine 
B)  molybdenum 
C)  iodine 
D)  magnesium 
A)  chlorine 
B)  molybdenum 
C)  iodine 
D)  magnesium

Question 14

A corn (Zea mays) mutant is developed that is impaired in magnesium uptake. The most likely phenotypic expression would be

Accepted Answer

A)  chlorosis, especially in the older leaves. 
B)  a purple tinge to actively growing shoots. 
C)  severely stunted root growth and branching. 
D)  a reduction in leaf surface area. 
A)  chlorosis, especially in the older leaves. 
B)  a purple tinge to actively growing shoots. 
C)  severely stunted root growth and branching. 
D)  a reduction in leaf surface area.

Question 15

Typically, on average, what percentage of a plant's fresh biomass is water?

Accepted Answer

A)  70-75 
B)  65-75 
C)  80-90 
D)  75-80 
A)  70-75 
B)  65-75 
C)  80-90 
D)  75-80

Question 16

Which of the following soil minerals is most likely leached away during a hard rain?

Accepted Answer

A)  Na+ 
B)  K+ 
C)  Ca2+ 
D)  NO3- 
A)  Na+ 
B)  K+ 
C)  Ca2+ 
D)  NO3-

Question 17

What drives the flow of water through the xylem?

Accepted Answer

A)  passive transport by the endodermis 
B)  the number of companion cells in the phloem 
C)  the evaporation of water from the leaves 
D)  active transport by tracheid and vessel elements 
A)  passive transport by the endodermis 
B)  the number of companion cells in the phloem 
C)  the evaporation of water from the leaves 
D)  active transport by tracheid and vessel elements

Question 18

What is the role of proton pumps in root hair cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  establish ATP gradients 
B)  maintain the H+ gradient 
C)  pressurize xylem transport 
D)  eliminate excess electrons 
A)  establish ATP gradients 
B)  maintain the H+ gradient 
C)  pressurize xylem transport 
D)  eliminate excess electrons

Question 19

Which of the following, if used as a fertilizer, would be most immediately available for plant uptake?

Accepted Answer

A)  NH3 
B)  N2 
C)  CN2H2 
D)  NO3- 
A)  NH3 
B)  N2 
C)  CN2H2 
D)  NO3-

Question 20

The most efficient way to increase essential amino acids in crop plants for human consumption would be to

Accepted Answer

A)  breed for higher yield of deficient amino acids. 
B)  increase the amount of fertilizer used on fields. 
C)  use 20-20-20 fertilizer instead of 20-5-5 fertilizer. 
D)  engineer nitrogen-fixing nodules into crop plants lacking them. 
A)  breed for higher yield of deficient amino acids. 
B)  increase the amount of fertilizer used on fields. 
C)  use 20-20-20 fertilizer instead of 20-5-5 fertilizer. 
D)  engineer nitrogen-fixing nodules into crop plants lacking them.

Exam 29: Resource Acquisition, Nutrition, and Transport in Vascular Plants

If ΨP = 0.3 MPa and ΨS = -0.45 MPa, the resulting Ψ is

One is most likely to see guttation in small plants when the

In what way do nitrogen compounds differ from other minerals needed by plants?

A plant cell with a ΨS of -0.65 MPa maintains a constant volume when bathed in a solution that has a ΨS of -0.30 MPa and is in an open container. The cell has a

An example of a mutualistic association between a plant and a fungus would be

A plant developed a mineral deficiency after being treated with a fungicide. What is the most probable cause of the deficiency?

Which one of the following is an adaptation by plants to life on land?

In which plant cell or tissue would the pressure component of water potential most often be negative?

Most of the dry weight of a plant is the result of uptake of

Compared with a cell with few aquaporin proteins in its membrane, a cell containing many aquaporin proteins will have a

Which of the following elements is required for the stability of cell walls?

According to the pressure flow hypothesis of phloem transport,

If an African violet has chlorosis, which of the following elements might be a useful addition to the soil?

A corn (Zea mays) mutant is developed that is impaired in magnesium uptake. The most likely phenotypic expression would be

Typically, on average, what percentage of a plant's fresh biomass is water?

Which of the following soil minerals is most likely leached away during a hard rain?

What drives the flow of water through the xylem?

What is the role of proton pumps in root hair cells?

Which of the following, if used as a fertilizer, would be most immediately available for plant uptake?

The most efficient way to increase essential amino acids in crop plants for human consumption would be to

Introduction: Evolution and the Foundations of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Transport and Cell Signaling

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Development, Stem Cells, and Cancer

Viruses

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification

Phylogeny

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

Broad Patterns of Evolution

Early Life and the Diversification of Prokaryotes

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

The Colonization of Land by Plants and Fungi

The Rise of Animal Diversity

Plant Structure and Growth

Reproduction and Domestication of Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Homeostasis and Endocrine Signaling

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Reproduction and Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Nervous and Sensory Systems

Motor Mechanisms and Behavior

Population Ecology and the Distribution of Organisms

Species Interactions

Ecosystems and Energy

Global Ecology and Conservation Biology

Filters