Question 1

A cell with membrane-bound proteins that selectively binds to a specific hormone is called that hormone's

Accepted Answer

A)  secretory cell. 
B)  endocrine cell. 
C)  target cell. 
D)  regulatory cell. 
A)  secretory cell. 
B)  endocrine cell. 
C)  target cell. 
D)  regulatory cell.

Question 2

The hypothalamus

Accepted Answer

A)  functions only as an endocrine target. 
B)  functions only in neural transmission. 
C)  does not have any hormone receptors on its cells. 
D)  secretes hormones that act directly on the gonads. 
E)  controls most neuroendocrine signaling in mammals. 
A)  functions only as an endocrine target. 
B)  functions only in neural transmission. 
C)  does not have any hormone receptors on its cells. 
D)  secretes hormones that act directly on the gonads. 
E)  controls most neuroendocrine signaling in mammals.

Question 3

During mammalian labor and delivery, the contraction of uterine muscles is enhanced by oxytocin. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  a negative feedback system. 
B)  a hormone that acts in an antagonistic way with another hormone. 
C)  a hormone that is involved in a positive feedback loop. 
D)  signal transduction immediately changing gene expression in its target cells. 
E)  the key role of the anterior pituitary gland in regulating uterine contraction. 
A)  a negative feedback system. 
B)  a hormone that acts in an antagonistic way with another hormone. 
C)  a hormone that is involved in a positive feedback loop. 
D)  signal transduction immediately changing gene expression in its target cells. 
E)  the key role of the anterior pituitary gland in regulating uterine contraction.

Question 4

The body's reaction to PTH (parathyroid hormone), a reduction in plasma levels of calcium, can be opposed by

Accepted Answer

A)  T3 and T4. 
B)  epinephrine. 
C)  growth hormone. 
D)  calcitonin. 
E)  glucagon. 
A)  T3 and T4. 
B)  epinephrine. 
C)  growth hormone. 
D)  calcitonin. 
E)  glucagon.

Question 5

Most types of communication between cells utilize

Accepted Answer

A)  the exchange of cytosol between the cells. 
B)  a direct electrical connection between the cells. 
C)  the release of chemical signals by the cell sending the message. 
D)  the exchange of DNA between the cells. 
E)  the movement of the cells. 
A)  the exchange of cytosol between the cells. 
B)  a direct electrical connection between the cells. 
C)  the release of chemical signals by the cell sending the message. 
D)  the exchange of DNA between the cells. 
E)  the movement of the cells.

Question 6

A researcher is conducting an experiment to identify an unknown hormone. The experiment consists of exposing cells to the hormone and determining where the hormone is after a period of time. The researcher collects the data in the table below. What could be the identity of the unknown hormone?

Accepted Answer

A)  oxytocin 
B)  ADH 
C)  testosterone 
D)  It could be any of the three. 
A)  oxytocin 
B)  ADH 
C)  testosterone 
D)  It could be any of the three.

Question 7

The necropsy (post-mortem analysis) of a freshwater fish that died after accidentally being placed in salt water would likely show that

Accepted Answer

A)  loss of water by osmosis from cells in vital organs resulted in cell death and organ failure. 
B)  high amounts of salt had diffused into the fish's cells, causing them to swell and lyse. 
C)  the kidneys were not able to keep up with the water removal necessary in this hyperosmotic environment, creating an irrevocable loss of homeostasis. 
D)  the gills became encrusted with salt, resulting in inadequate gas exchange and eventual asphyxiation. 
E)  brain cells lysed as a result of increased osmotic pressure in this hyperosmotic environment, leading to death by loss of autonomic function. 
A)  loss of water by osmosis from cells in vital organs resulted in cell death and organ failure. 
B)  high amounts of salt had diffused into the fish's cells, causing them to swell and lyse. 
C)  the kidneys were not able to keep up with the water removal necessary in this hyperosmotic environment, creating an irrevocable loss of homeostasis. 
D)  the gills became encrusted with salt, resulting in inadequate gas exchange and eventual asphyxiation. 
E)  brain cells lysed as a result of increased osmotic pressure in this hyperosmotic environment, leading to death by loss of autonomic function.

Question 8

The nitrogenous waste that requires the most energy to produce is

Accepted Answer

A)  ammonia. 
B)  ammonium. 
C)  urea. 
D)  uric acid. 
A)  ammonia. 
B)  ammonium. 
C)  urea. 
D)  uric acid.

Question 9

For hormones that homeostatically regulate cellular functions,

Accepted Answer

A)  negative feedback typically regulates hormone secretion. 
B)  the circulating level of a hormone is held constant through a series of positive feedback loops. 
C)  both lipid-soluble hormones and water-soluble hormones bind to intracellular protein receptors. 
D)  endocrine organs release their contents into the bloodstream via specialized ducts. 
E)  it is impossible to also have neural regulation of that system. 
A)  negative feedback typically regulates hormone secretion. 
B)  the circulating level of a hormone is held constant through a series of positive feedback loops. 
C)  both lipid-soluble hormones and water-soluble hormones bind to intracellular protein receptors. 
D)  endocrine organs release their contents into the bloodstream via specialized ducts. 
E)  it is impossible to also have neural regulation of that system.

Question 10

Freshwater flatworms form urine that is typically

Accepted Answer

A)  of high solute concentration in order to conserve body fluids. 
B)  of low volume in order to conserve body fluids. 
C)  of high solute concentration and low volume in order to conserve body fluids. 
D)  of high solute concentration and high volume, similar to their normal fluid uptake. 
E)  of low solute concentration and high volume, similar to their normal fluid uptake. 
A)  of high solute concentration in order to conserve body fluids. 
B)  of low volume in order to conserve body fluids. 
C)  of high solute concentration and low volume in order to conserve body fluids. 
D)  of high solute concentration and high volume, similar to their normal fluid uptake. 
E)  of low solute concentration and high volume, similar to their normal fluid uptake.

Question 11

An example of a connective tissue is the

Accepted Answer

A)  skin. 
B)  nerves. 
C)  blood. 
D)  epithelium. 
E)  smooth muscles. 
A)  skin. 
B)  nerves. 
C)  blood. 
D)  epithelium. 
E)  smooth muscles.

Question 12

Excretory structures known as protonephridia are present in

Accepted Answer

A)  flatworms. 
B)  earthworms. 
C)  insects. 
D)  vertebrates. 
E)  cnidarians. 
A)  flatworms. 
B)  earthworms. 
C)  insects. 
D)  vertebrates. 
E)  cnidarians.

Question 13

Juxtamedullary nephrons can concentrate salt effectively in the renal medulla because of their long

Accepted Answer

A)  loops of Henle. 
B)  distal convoluted tubules. 
C)  Bowman's capsules. 
D)  proximal convoluted tubules. 
E)  glomeruli. 
A)  loops of Henle. 
B)  distal convoluted tubules. 
C)  Bowman's capsules. 
D)  proximal convoluted tubules. 
E)  glomeruli.

Question 14

In which of the following species should natural selection favor the highest proportion of nephrons with loops of Henle that extend deep into the renal medulla?

Accepted Answer

A)  a river otter 
B)  a mouse species living in a temperate broadleaf forest 
C)  a mouse species living in a desert 
D)  a beaver 
A)  a river otter 
B)  a mouse species living in a temperate broadleaf forest 
C)  a mouse species living in a desert 
D)  a beaver

Question 15

Which nitrogenous waste requires hardly any water for its excretion?

Accepted Answer

A)  amino acids 
B)  urea 
C)  uric acid 
D)  ammonia 
E)  nitrogen gas 
A)  amino acids 
B)  urea 
C)  uric acid 
D)  ammonia 
E)  nitrogen gas

Question 16

Connective tissues typically have

Accepted Answer

A)  many densely packed cells with direct connections between the membranes of adjacent cells. 
B)  an apical side and a basal side. 
C)  the ability to shorten upon stimulation. 
D)  relatively few cells and a large amount of extracellular matrix. 
E)  the ability to transmit electrochemical impulses. 
A)  many densely packed cells with direct connections between the membranes of adjacent cells. 
B)  an apical side and a basal side. 
C)  the ability to shorten upon stimulation. 
D)  relatively few cells and a large amount of extracellular matrix. 
E)  the ability to transmit electrochemical impulses.

Question 17

Which of the following pairs of organisms excrete nitrogenous wastes in the form of uric acid?

Accepted Answer

A)  mice and birds 
B)  insects and birds 
C)  lions and horses 
D)  humans and frogs 
E)  fish and turtles 
A)  mice and birds 
B)  insects and birds 
C)  lions and horses 
D)  humans and frogs 
E)  fish and turtles

Question 18

Urea is produced in the

Accepted Answer

A)  liver from NH3 and CO₂. 
B)  liver from glycogen. 
C)  kidneys from glucose. 
D)  kidneys from glycerol and fatty acids. 
E)  bladder from uric acid and H₂O. 
A)  liver from NH3 and CO₂. 
B)  liver from glycogen. 
C)  kidneys from glucose. 
D)  kidneys from glycerol and fatty acids. 
E)  bladder from uric acid and H₂O.

Question 19

An excretory system that is partly based on the filtration of fluid under high hydrostatic pressure is the

Accepted Answer

A)  flame bulb system of flatworms. 
B)  protonephridia of flatworms. 
C)  Malpighian tubules of insects. 
D)  kidneys of vertebrates. 
A)  flame bulb system of flatworms. 
B)  protonephridia of flatworms. 
C)  Malpighian tubules of insects. 
D)  kidneys of vertebrates.

Question 20

Coordinating body functions via chemical signals is accomplished by

Accepted Answer

A)  the respiratory system. 
B)  the endocrine system. 
C)  the immune and lymphatic systems. 
D)  the integumentary system. 
E)  the nervous system. 
A)  the respiratory system. 
B)  the endocrine system. 
C)  the immune and lymphatic systems. 
D)  the integumentary system. 
E)  the nervous system.

Exam 32: Homeostasis and Endocrine Signaling

A cell with membrane-bound proteins that selectively binds to a specific hormone is called that hormone's

The hypothalamus

During mammalian labor and delivery, the contraction of uterine muscles is enhanced by oxytocin. This is an example of

The body's reaction to PTH (parathyroid hormone), a reduction in plasma levels of calcium, can be opposed by

Most types of communication between cells utilize

A researcher is conducting an experiment to identify an unknown hormone. The experiment consists of exposing cells to the hormone and determining where the hormone is after a period of time. The researcher collects the data in the table below. What could be the identity of the unknown hormone?

The necropsy (post-mortem analysis) of a freshwater fish that died after accidentally being placed in salt water would likely show that

The nitrogenous waste that requires the most energy to produce is

For hormones that homeostatically regulate cellular functions,

Freshwater flatworms form urine that is typically

An example of a connective tissue is the

Excretory structures known as protonephridia are present in

Juxtamedullary nephrons can concentrate salt effectively in the renal medulla because of their long

In which of the following species should natural selection favor the highest proportion of nephrons with loops of Henle that extend deep into the renal medulla?

Which nitrogenous waste requires hardly any water for its excretion?

Connective tissues typically have

Which of the following pairs of organisms excrete nitrogenous wastes in the form of uric acid?

Urea is produced in the

An excretory system that is partly based on the filtration of fluid under high hydrostatic pressure is the

Coordinating body functions via chemical signals is accomplished by

Introduction: Evolution and the Foundations of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Transport and Cell Signaling

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Development, Stem Cells, and Cancer

Viruses

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification

Phylogeny

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

Broad Patterns of Evolution

Early Life and the Diversification of Prokaryotes

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

The Colonization of Land by Plants and Fungi

The Rise of Animal Diversity

Plant Structure and Growth

Resource Acquisition, Nutrition, and Transport in Vascular Plants

Reproduction and Domestication of Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Reproduction and Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Nervous and Sensory Systems

Motor Mechanisms and Behavior

Population Ecology and the Distribution of Organisms

Species Interactions

Ecosystems and Energy

Global Ecology and Conservation Biology

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